--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      name:  <unnamed>
       log:  C:\Users\justi\Desktop\replication file\esarey-schwbay-robust.log
  log type:  text
 opened on:  22 Jun 2016, 20:15:52

. 
. 
. ***********************
. ***********************
. *  using different lags as measure of
. *  history of corruption
. ***********************
. ***********************
. 
. ****
. * TI CPI Corruption Measure
. * one period lag
. ****
. 
. 
. * load in the data
. clear all

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. * recode the DV
. rename cpi_ti cpi_ti_o

. gen cpi_ti = 10 - cpi_ti_o
(739 missing values generated)

. 
. ice cpi_ti pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1994, seed(123456) m(50) saving(wb_imputed, repla
> ce) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      1,016       50.75       50.75
          1 |        228       11.39       62.14
          2 |          5        0.25       62.39
          . |        753       37.61      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | cpi_ti pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant
            |         | trade_impexp
trade_imp~p | regress | cpi_ti pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant wecon
     cpi_ti | regress | pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp
            |         | wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. qui mi xeq: sort countryid year; by countryid: gen lagXwomen = l.cpi_ti * pctwomen

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): reg cpi_ti l.cpi_ti pctwomen lagXwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region if exclude_n
> ew!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,176
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3368
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6106
                                                Complete DF       =       1143
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     103.57
                                                        avg       =     411.98
                                                        max       =     948.27
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  32, 1087.0)   =     300.45
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .5825146   .0388221    15.00   0.000     .5058255    .6592038
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0303404   .0062525    -4.85   0.000    -.0426327   -.0180481
     lagXwomen |   .0053126   .0012219     4.35   0.000     .0029081     .007717
        fh_neg |  -.1984829    .039235    -5.06   0.000    -.2755335   -.1214322
       log_gdp |  -.3649319   .0440323    -8.29   0.000    -.4515212   -.2783427
pct_protestant |  -.0024491   .0012444    -1.97   0.049    -.0048924   -5.82e-06
  trade_impexp |  -.0006665   .0006714    -0.99   0.321    -.0019845    .0006515
         wecon |  -.0168448    .049729    -0.34   0.735    -.1146355    .0809458
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.2614512    .183491    -1.42   0.157    -.6253383    .1024359
         1996  |  -.1078676   .1724107    -0.63   0.533    -.4491933    .2334581
         1997  |   .0051638   .1576594     0.03   0.974    -.3061975    .3165251
         1998  |  -.0183751    .153578    -0.12   0.905    -.3214456    .2846953
         1999  |  -.0967164   .1530774    -0.63   0.528    -.3988848    .2054521
         2001  |   .0750045   .1654516     0.45   0.651    -.2524364    .4024453
         2002  |   .0491619   .1453484     0.34   0.736    -.2374135    .3357373
         2003  |   .1183833    .135278     0.88   0.382    -.1478188    .3845854
         2004  |   .1371986   .1347543     1.02   0.309    -.1279175    .4023147
         2005  |   .1912068   .1373292     1.39   0.165    -.0790673     .461481
         2006  |   .2507063   .1388021     1.81   0.072    -.0224476    .5238601
         2007  |    .243862   .1386874     1.76   0.080    -.0289842    .5167082
         2008  |    .316174   .1406207     2.25   0.025     .0395188    .5928291
         2009  |   .3254625   .1385252     2.35   0.019     .0529469    .5979781
         2010  |   .3354396   .1403342     2.39   0.017      .059352    .6115272
               |
        region |
            2  |    .170893   .1515384     1.13   0.260    -.1266867    .4684728
            3  |   .4748945   .1562516     3.04   0.002     .1680433    .7817456
            4  |   .1823539   .1554732     1.17   0.241    -.1227574    .4874653
            5  |   .1296238   .1499643     0.86   0.388    -.1648614    .4241089
            6  |   .2367772   .1806703     1.31   0.190    -.1179003    .5914547
            7  |   .4735625   .1018699     4.65   0.000     .2735354    .6735896
            8  |   .4164736   .1274527     3.27   0.001     .1662808    .6666665
            9  |   .6200539   .1238256     5.01   0.000     .3768041    .8633036
           10  |   .5313407   .1414662     3.76   0.000     .2534764    .8092051
               |
         _cons |   4.574708   .5000189     9.15   0.000     3.590147    5.559269
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. eststo ti_est: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,176
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3368
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6106
                                                Complete DF       =       1143
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     103.57
                                                        avg       =     411.98
                                                        max       =     948.27
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  32, 1087.0)   =     300.45
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .5825146   .0388221    15.00   0.000     .5058255    .6592038
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0303404   .0062525    -4.85   0.000    -.0426327   -.0180481
     lagXwomen |   .0053126   .0012219     4.35   0.000     .0029081     .007717
        fh_neg |  -.1984829    .039235    -5.06   0.000    -.2755335   -.1214322
       log_gdp |  -.3649319   .0440323    -8.29   0.000    -.4515212   -.2783427
pct_protestant |  -.0024491   .0012444    -1.97   0.049    -.0048924   -5.82e-06
  trade_impexp |  -.0006665   .0006714    -0.99   0.321    -.0019845    .0006515
         wecon |  -.0168448    .049729    -0.34   0.735    -.1146355    .0809458
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.2614512    .183491    -1.42   0.157    -.6253383    .1024359
         1996  |  -.1078676   .1724107    -0.63   0.533    -.4491933    .2334581
         1997  |   .0051638   .1576594     0.03   0.974    -.3061975    .3165251
         1998  |  -.0183751    .153578    -0.12   0.905    -.3214456    .2846953
         1999  |  -.0967164   .1530774    -0.63   0.528    -.3988848    .2054521
         2001  |   .0750045   .1654516     0.45   0.651    -.2524364    .4024453
         2002  |   .0491619   .1453484     0.34   0.736    -.2374135    .3357373
         2003  |   .1183833    .135278     0.88   0.382    -.1478188    .3845854
         2004  |   .1371986   .1347543     1.02   0.309    -.1279175    .4023147
         2005  |   .1912068   .1373292     1.39   0.165    -.0790673     .461481
         2006  |   .2507063   .1388021     1.81   0.072    -.0224476    .5238601
         2007  |    .243862   .1386874     1.76   0.080    -.0289842    .5167082
         2008  |    .316174   .1406207     2.25   0.025     .0395188    .5928291
         2009  |   .3254625   .1385252     2.35   0.019     .0529469    .5979781
         2010  |   .3354396   .1403342     2.39   0.017      .059352    .6115272
               |
        region |
            2  |    .170893   .1515384     1.13   0.260    -.1266867    .4684728
            3  |   .4748945   .1562516     3.04   0.002     .1680433    .7817456
            4  |   .1823539   .1554732     1.17   0.241    -.1227574    .4874653
            5  |   .1296238   .1499643     0.86   0.388    -.1648614    .4241089
            6  |   .2367772   .1806703     1.31   0.190    -.1179003    .5914547
            7  |   .4735625   .1018699     4.65   0.000     .2735354    .6735896
            8  |   .4164736   .1274527     3.27   0.001     .1662808    .6666665
            9  |   .6200539   .1238256     5.01   0.000     .3768041    .8633036
           10  |   .5313407   .1414662     3.76   0.000     .2534764    .8092051
               |
         _cons |   4.574708   .5000189     9.15   0.000     3.590147    5.559269
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. unique countryid if used==1
Number of unique values of countryid is  76
Number of records is  58800

. 
. 
. ****
. * TI CPI Corruption Measure
. * two period lag
. ****
. 
. * load in the data
. clear

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. * recode the DV
. rename cpi_ti cpi_ti_o

. gen cpi_ti = 10 - cpi_ti_o
(739 missing values generated)

. 
. ice cpi_ti pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1994, seed(123456) m(50) saving(wb_imputed, repla
> ce) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      1,016       50.75       50.75
          1 |        228       11.39       62.14
          2 |          5        0.25       62.39
          . |        753       37.61      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | cpi_ti pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant
            |         | trade_impexp
trade_imp~p | regress | cpi_ti pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant wecon
     cpi_ti | regress | pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp
            |         | wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. qui mi xeq: sort countryid year; by countryid: gen lagXwomen = L2.cpi_ti * pctwomen

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): reg cpi_ti L2.cpi_ti pctwomen lagXwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region if exclude_
> new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,100
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3088
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.5923
                                                Complete DF       =       1068
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     107.97
                                                        avg       =     368.73
                                                        max       =     812.53
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  31, 1022.9)   =     264.42
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L2. |   .4953904   .0470389    10.53   0.000     .4021508    .5886299
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0339861   .0069688    -4.88   0.000    -.0476948   -.0202774
     lagXwomen |   .0061119   .0013901     4.40   0.000     .0033728     .008851
        fh_neg |  -.2522028   .0436247    -5.78   0.000    -.3379204   -.1664852
       log_gdp |   -.434462    .052171    -8.33   0.000    -.5372844   -.3316395
pct_protestant |  -.0030922   .0013674    -2.26   0.024    -.0057778   -.0004067
  trade_impexp |  -.0007599   .0007791    -0.98   0.330     -.002291    .0007712
         wecon |  -.0483875   .0514086    -0.94   0.347    -.1493821    .0526072
               |
          year |
         1996  |   -.292973   .1841457    -1.59   0.114    -.6576437    .0716978
         1997  |  -.0302348   .1774245    -0.17   0.865    -.3812665     .320797
         1998  |   .0360199   .1699098     0.21   0.832    -.2997504    .3717902
         1999  |  -.0595254    .156447    -0.38   0.704    -.3679762    .2489254
         2001  |   .1319129   .1517669     0.87   0.386    -.1672363    .4310622
         2002  |   .1624494   .1725244     0.94   0.348    -.1788723    .5037712
         2003  |   .1923439   .1478315     1.30   0.194    -.0988238    .4835115
         2004  |   .2288632   .1446482     1.58   0.115    -.0558453    .5135716
         2005  |   .2602581   .1459636     1.78   0.076    -.0270617    .5475779
         2006  |    .336578   .1491365     2.26   0.025     .0429539    .6302021
         2007  |   .3702647   .1496548     2.47   0.014     .0756688    .6648606
         2008  |   .3851583   .1505437     2.56   0.011      .088893    .6814236
         2009  |   .4274196   .1483408     2.88   0.004     .1354882     .719351
         2010  |   .4898505   .1510829     3.24   0.001     .1924523    .7872486
               |
        region |
            2  |   .2028308   .1672888     1.21   0.226    -.1257809    .5314425
            3  |   .5771263   .1717334     3.36   0.001     .2397677    .9144849
            4  |    .255148   .1716592     1.49   0.138    -.0818099    .5921058
            5  |   .2237171   .1607143     1.39   0.164    -.0918454    .5392796
            6  |   .3175745   .1939687     1.64   0.102    -.0631923    .6983413
            7  |   .6028786   .1123883     5.36   0.000     .3821041     .823653
            8  |   .5858449   .1365523     4.29   0.000      .317808    .8538817
            9  |   .7622513   .1426261     5.34   0.000     .4817585    1.042744
           10  |   .6518527   .1554757     4.19   0.000      .346383    .9573225
               |
         _cons |   5.393329   .5963728     9.04   0.000     4.215948    6.570711
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. eststo ti_est2: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,100
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3088
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.5923
                                                Complete DF       =       1068
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     107.97
                                                        avg       =     368.73
                                                        max       =     812.53
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  31, 1022.9)   =     264.42
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L2. |   .4953904   .0470389    10.53   0.000     .4021508    .5886299
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0339861   .0069688    -4.88   0.000    -.0476948   -.0202774
     lagXwomen |   .0061119   .0013901     4.40   0.000     .0033728     .008851
        fh_neg |  -.2522028   .0436247    -5.78   0.000    -.3379204   -.1664852
       log_gdp |   -.434462    .052171    -8.33   0.000    -.5372844   -.3316395
pct_protestant |  -.0030922   .0013674    -2.26   0.024    -.0057778   -.0004067
  trade_impexp |  -.0007599   .0007791    -0.98   0.330     -.002291    .0007712
         wecon |  -.0483875   .0514086    -0.94   0.347    -.1493821    .0526072
               |
          year |
         1996  |   -.292973   .1841457    -1.59   0.114    -.6576437    .0716978
         1997  |  -.0302348   .1774245    -0.17   0.865    -.3812665     .320797
         1998  |   .0360199   .1699098     0.21   0.832    -.2997504    .3717902
         1999  |  -.0595254    .156447    -0.38   0.704    -.3679762    .2489254
         2001  |   .1319129   .1517669     0.87   0.386    -.1672363    .4310622
         2002  |   .1624494   .1725244     0.94   0.348    -.1788723    .5037712
         2003  |   .1923439   .1478315     1.30   0.194    -.0988238    .4835115
         2004  |   .2288632   .1446482     1.58   0.115    -.0558453    .5135716
         2005  |   .2602581   .1459636     1.78   0.076    -.0270617    .5475779
         2006  |    .336578   .1491365     2.26   0.025     .0429539    .6302021
         2007  |   .3702647   .1496548     2.47   0.014     .0756688    .6648606
         2008  |   .3851583   .1505437     2.56   0.011      .088893    .6814236
         2009  |   .4274196   .1483408     2.88   0.004     .1354882     .719351
         2010  |   .4898505   .1510829     3.24   0.001     .1924523    .7872486
               |
        region |
            2  |   .2028308   .1672888     1.21   0.226    -.1257809    .5314425
            3  |   .5771263   .1717334     3.36   0.001     .2397677    .9144849
            4  |    .255148   .1716592     1.49   0.138    -.0818099    .5921058
            5  |   .2237171   .1607143     1.39   0.164    -.0918454    .5392796
            6  |   .3175745   .1939687     1.64   0.102    -.0631923    .6983413
            7  |   .6028786   .1123883     5.36   0.000     .3821041     .823653
            8  |   .5858449   .1365523     4.29   0.000      .317808    .8538817
            9  |   .7622513   .1426261     5.34   0.000     .4817585    1.042744
           10  |   .6518527   .1554757     4.19   0.000      .346383    .9573225
               |
         _cons |   5.393329   .5963728     9.04   0.000     4.215948    6.570711
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. unique countryid if used==1
Number of unique values of countryid is  76
Number of records is  55000

. 
. 
. ****
. * TI CPI Corruption Measure
. * three period lag
. ****
. 
. * load in the data
. clear

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. * recode the DV
. rename cpi_ti cpi_ti_o

. gen cpi_ti = 10 - cpi_ti_o
(739 missing values generated)

. 
. ice cpi_ti pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1994, seed(123456) m(50) saving(wb_imputed, repla
> ce) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      1,016       50.75       50.75
          1 |        228       11.39       62.14
          2 |          5        0.25       62.39
          . |        753       37.61      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | cpi_ti pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant
            |         | trade_impexp
trade_imp~p | regress | cpi_ti pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant wecon
     cpi_ti | regress | pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp
            |         | wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. qui mi xeq: sort countryid year; by countryid: gen lagXwomen = L3.cpi_ti * pctwomen

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): reg cpi_ti L3.cpi_ti pctwomen lagXwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region if exclude_
> new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,024
                                                Average RVI       =     0.2479
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6380
                                                Complete DF       =        993
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =      92.08
                                                        avg       =     385.30
                                                        max       =     786.78
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  30,  963.2)   =     249.62
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L3. |    .438432   .0420313    10.43   0.000     .3555357    .5213282
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0362778     .00683    -5.31   0.000    -.0496918   -.0228638
     lagXwomen |    .006509   .0012964     5.02   0.000     .0039618    .0090561
        fh_neg |  -.2817263   .0458966    -6.14   0.000     -.371898   -.1915546
       log_gdp |  -.4864433   .0506169    -9.61   0.000    -.5859786    -.386908
pct_protestant |   -.003461   .0014845    -2.33   0.020    -.0063777   -.0005443
  trade_impexp |  -.0008649   .0008128    -1.06   0.288    -.0024617    .0007318
         wecon |  -.0498885   .0540689    -0.92   0.357    -.1561129     .056336
               |
          year |
         1997  |  -.2216749   .2087916    -1.06   0.291    -.6363481    .1929983
         1998  |   -.002343   .1713501    -0.01   0.989    -.3406842    .3359982
         1999  |  -.0357378   .1567499    -0.23   0.820    -.3445237    .2730481
         2001  |   .1183541   .1628034     0.73   0.468    -.2027891    .4394973
         2002  |   .1990506   .1635037     1.22   0.225    -.1235941    .5216952
         2003  |   .2815616   .1752541     1.61   0.110    -.0649658     .628089
         2004  |   .2810652   .1573126     1.79   0.075    -.0289808    .5911111
         2005  |   .3212317   .1565108     2.05   0.041      .012856    .6296074
         2006  |   .3791338   .1600706     2.37   0.019     .0636797     .694588
         2007  |   .4343733   .1605226     2.71   0.007     .1180825     .750664
         2008  |   .4706798   .1606408     2.93   0.004     .1542919    .7870678
         2009  |   .4539957   .1587526     2.86   0.005     .1413125    .7666788
         2010  |   .5609127   .1619698     3.46   0.001     .2417843    .8800411
               |
        region |
            2  |    .247451   .1797334     1.38   0.169     -.105658    .6005601
            3  |   .6661083   .1804417     3.69   0.000     .3116924    1.020524
            4  |   .3259682   .1824608     1.79   0.074    -.0321993    .6841357
            5  |   .2849409   .1747982     1.63   0.104    -.0584236    .6283054
            6  |   .4346659   .2065807     2.10   0.036     .0291027    .8402292
            7  |   .7049304   .1180945     5.97   0.000     .4729704    .9368905
            8  |    .735752   .1496692     4.92   0.000     .4418252    1.029679
            9  |    .877369   .1458053     6.02   0.000     .5908985    1.163839
           10  |   .7374372   .1620475     4.55   0.000     .4191585    1.055716
               |
         _cons |   5.963827   .5788761    10.30   0.000     4.823838    7.103815
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. eststo ti_est3: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,024
                                                Average RVI       =     0.2479
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6380
                                                Complete DF       =        993
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =      92.08
                                                        avg       =     385.30
                                                        max       =     786.78
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  30,  963.2)   =     249.62
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L3. |    .438432   .0420313    10.43   0.000     .3555357    .5213282
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0362778     .00683    -5.31   0.000    -.0496918   -.0228638
     lagXwomen |    .006509   .0012964     5.02   0.000     .0039618    .0090561
        fh_neg |  -.2817263   .0458966    -6.14   0.000     -.371898   -.1915546
       log_gdp |  -.4864433   .0506169    -9.61   0.000    -.5859786    -.386908
pct_protestant |   -.003461   .0014845    -2.33   0.020    -.0063777   -.0005443
  trade_impexp |  -.0008649   .0008128    -1.06   0.288    -.0024617    .0007318
         wecon |  -.0498885   .0540689    -0.92   0.357    -.1561129     .056336
               |
          year |
         1997  |  -.2216749   .2087916    -1.06   0.291    -.6363481    .1929983
         1998  |   -.002343   .1713501    -0.01   0.989    -.3406842    .3359982
         1999  |  -.0357378   .1567499    -0.23   0.820    -.3445237    .2730481
         2001  |   .1183541   .1628034     0.73   0.468    -.2027891    .4394973
         2002  |   .1990506   .1635037     1.22   0.225    -.1235941    .5216952
         2003  |   .2815616   .1752541     1.61   0.110    -.0649658     .628089
         2004  |   .2810652   .1573126     1.79   0.075    -.0289808    .5911111
         2005  |   .3212317   .1565108     2.05   0.041      .012856    .6296074
         2006  |   .3791338   .1600706     2.37   0.019     .0636797     .694588
         2007  |   .4343733   .1605226     2.71   0.007     .1180825     .750664
         2008  |   .4706798   .1606408     2.93   0.004     .1542919    .7870678
         2009  |   .4539957   .1587526     2.86   0.005     .1413125    .7666788
         2010  |   .5609127   .1619698     3.46   0.001     .2417843    .8800411
               |
        region |
            2  |    .247451   .1797334     1.38   0.169     -.105658    .6005601
            3  |   .6661083   .1804417     3.69   0.000     .3116924    1.020524
            4  |   .3259682   .1824608     1.79   0.074    -.0321993    .6841357
            5  |   .2849409   .1747982     1.63   0.104    -.0584236    .6283054
            6  |   .4346659   .2065807     2.10   0.036     .0291027    .8402292
            7  |   .7049304   .1180945     5.97   0.000     .4729704    .9368905
            8  |    .735752   .1496692     4.92   0.000     .4418252    1.029679
            9  |    .877369   .1458053     6.02   0.000     .5908985    1.163839
           10  |   .7374372   .1620475     4.55   0.000     .4191585    1.055716
               |
         _cons |   5.963827   .5788761    10.30   0.000     4.823838    7.103815
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. unique countryid if used==1
Number of unique values of countryid is  76
Number of records is  51200

. 
. 
. 
. esttab ti_est ti_est2 ti_est3 using morelags.rtf, replace order(L.cpi_ti L2.cpi_ti L3.cpi_ti pctwomen lagXwomen fh_neg log_gdp trade_impex
> p wecon) keep(L.cpi_ti L2.cpi_ti L3.cpi_ti pctwomen lagXwomen fh_neg log_gdp trade_impexp wecon) mtitles("one year lag" "two year lag" "th
> ree year lag") coeflabels(L.cpi_ti "lag TI CPI" L2.cpi_ti "lag (2) TI CPI" L3.cpi_ti "lag (3) TI CPI" pctwomen "% women in lower house" la
> gXwomen "% women * lag DV" fh_neg "FH Freedom" log_gdp "log GDP per capita" trade_impexp "trade imbalance (% of GDP)" wecon "women's econo
> mic rights" _cons "constant") noabbrev wrap gaps varwidth(25) align(r)
(output written to morelags.rtf)

. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. ***********************
. ***********************
. *  Models w/ more lags
. ***********************
. ***********************
. 
. 
. ****
. * press freedom measure
. * TI Corruption Measure
. ****
. 
. clear all

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. * recode the DV
. rename cpi_ti cpi_ti_o

. gen cpi_ti = 10 - cpi_ti_o
(739 missing values generated)

. 
. * create interaction variable
. gen womenXpress3=pctwomen*press3_inverse
(241 missing values generated)

. 
. * generate multiple imputation data sets
. ice cpi_ti pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1994, seed(123456) m(
> 50) saving(wb_imputed, replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      1,016       50.75       50.75
          1 |        228       11.39       62.14
          2 |          5        0.25       62.39
          . |        753       37.61      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
press3_in~e |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
womenXpre~3 |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | cpi_ti pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg
            |         | log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp
trade_imp~p | regress | cpi_ti pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg
            |         | log_gdp pct_protestant wecon
     cpi_ti | regress | pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): reg cpi_ti L.cpi_ti L2.cpi_ti L3.cpi_ti pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_imp
> exp wecon i.year i.region if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,024
                                                Average RVI       =     0.4572
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.7895
                                                Complete DF       =        990
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =      58.25
                                                        avg       =     394.16
                                                        max       =     796.51
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  33,  927.6)   =     386.59
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .5859839   .0572858    10.23   0.000     .4715611    .7004066
           L2. |     .15611    .063655     2.45   0.017     .0287023    .2835177
           L3. |   .1088554   .0425699     2.56   0.012     .0241328    .1935779
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0143847   .0049544    -2.90   0.004      -.02411   -.0046594
press3_inverse |   .0057498   .0036559     1.57   0.116    -.0014323    .0129318
  womenXpress3 |  -.0004674    .000162    -2.89   0.004    -.0007854   -.0001493
        fh_neg |  -.0886558   .0532403    -1.67   0.097    -.1933817    .0160701
       log_gdp |  -.1545078   .0370316    -4.17   0.000    -.2272761   -.0817396
pct_protestant |  -.0009307    .001007    -0.92   0.356    -.0029077    .0010464
  trade_impexp |   .0000743    .000572     0.13   0.897     -.001049    .0011976
         wecon |  -.0020453   .0381514    -0.05   0.957    -.0769702    .0728795
               |
          year |
         1997  |   .0035145   .1413371     0.02   0.980    -.2766713    .2837003
         1998  |   .0161957   .1547278     0.10   0.917    -.2914053    .3237966
         1999  |  -.0341913   .1252042    -0.27   0.785    -.2815607    .2131781
         2001  |   .1591533   .1485291     1.07   0.287    -.1359069    .4542135
         2002  |   .1363441   .1175457     1.16   0.248    -.0955894    .3682775
         2003  |   .1344442   .1192067     1.13   0.261    -.1008369    .3697253
         2004  |   .1087109   .1154183     0.94   0.347    -.1188414    .3362633
         2005  |   .1229394   .1147029     1.07   0.285      -.10311    .3489889
         2006  |   .1534823   .1176621     1.30   0.194    -.0784597    .3854244
         2007  |   .1318269   .1157183     1.14   0.256    -.0961125    .3597663
         2008  |   .1706073   .1171948     1.46   0.147     -.060212    .4014266
         2009  |   .2206303   .1161666     1.90   0.059    -.0082007    .4494613
         2010  |    .226594   .1176253     1.93   0.055    -.0051111    .4582992
               |
        region |
            2  |    .134408   .1282744     1.05   0.295    -.1174747    .3862906
            3  |   .2344297   .1292019     1.81   0.070    -.0193053    .4881647
            4  |   .1571194   .1311667     1.20   0.231    -.1003609    .4145998
            5  |   .1396197   .1221763     1.14   0.254    -.1002709    .3795103
            6  |    .242742    .148652     1.63   0.103    -.0490581     .534542
            7  |    .268337   .0839423     3.20   0.001     .1034975    .4331765
            8  |   .3233592   .1199229     2.70   0.007     .0876523    .5590661
            9  |   .2834587     .10623     2.67   0.008     .0747681    .4921494
           10  |   .2720891   .1153153     2.36   0.019     .0456374    .4985409
               |
         _cons |   1.783498   .4160565     4.29   0.000     .9653537    2.601643
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. eststo pressfree: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,024
                                                Average RVI       =     0.4572
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.7895
                                                Complete DF       =        990
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =      58.25
                                                        avg       =     394.16
                                                        max       =     796.51
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  33,  927.6)   =     386.59
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .5859839   .0572858    10.23   0.000     .4715611    .7004066
           L2. |     .15611    .063655     2.45   0.017     .0287023    .2835177
           L3. |   .1088554   .0425699     2.56   0.012     .0241328    .1935779
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0143847   .0049544    -2.90   0.004      -.02411   -.0046594
press3_inverse |   .0057498   .0036559     1.57   0.116    -.0014323    .0129318
  womenXpress3 |  -.0004674    .000162    -2.89   0.004    -.0007854   -.0001493
        fh_neg |  -.0886558   .0532403    -1.67   0.097    -.1933817    .0160701
       log_gdp |  -.1545078   .0370316    -4.17   0.000    -.2272761   -.0817396
pct_protestant |  -.0009307    .001007    -0.92   0.356    -.0029077    .0010464
  trade_impexp |   .0000743    .000572     0.13   0.897     -.001049    .0011976
         wecon |  -.0020453   .0381514    -0.05   0.957    -.0769702    .0728795
               |
          year |
         1997  |   .0035145   .1413371     0.02   0.980    -.2766713    .2837003
         1998  |   .0161957   .1547278     0.10   0.917    -.2914053    .3237966
         1999  |  -.0341913   .1252042    -0.27   0.785    -.2815607    .2131781
         2001  |   .1591533   .1485291     1.07   0.287    -.1359069    .4542135
         2002  |   .1363441   .1175457     1.16   0.248    -.0955894    .3682775
         2003  |   .1344442   .1192067     1.13   0.261    -.1008369    .3697253
         2004  |   .1087109   .1154183     0.94   0.347    -.1188414    .3362633
         2005  |   .1229394   .1147029     1.07   0.285      -.10311    .3489889
         2006  |   .1534823   .1176621     1.30   0.194    -.0784597    .3854244
         2007  |   .1318269   .1157183     1.14   0.256    -.0961125    .3597663
         2008  |   .1706073   .1171948     1.46   0.147     -.060212    .4014266
         2009  |   .2206303   .1161666     1.90   0.059    -.0082007    .4494613
         2010  |    .226594   .1176253     1.93   0.055    -.0051111    .4582992
               |
        region |
            2  |    .134408   .1282744     1.05   0.295    -.1174747    .3862906
            3  |   .2344297   .1292019     1.81   0.070    -.0193053    .4881647
            4  |   .1571194   .1311667     1.20   0.231    -.1003609    .4145998
            5  |   .1396197   .1221763     1.14   0.254    -.1002709    .3795103
            6  |    .242742    .148652     1.63   0.103    -.0490581     .534542
            7  |    .268337   .0839423     3.20   0.001     .1034975    .4331765
            8  |   .3233592   .1199229     2.70   0.007     .0876523    .5590661
            9  |   .2834587     .10623     2.67   0.008     .0747681    .4921494
           10  |   .2720891   .1153153     2.36   0.019     .0456374    .4985409
               |
         _cons |   1.783498   .4160565     4.29   0.000     .9653537    2.601643
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. unique countryid if used==1
Number of unique values of countryid is  76
Number of records is  51200

. 
. 
. 
. 
. ****
. * presidentialism measure
. * TI Corruption Measure
. ****
. 
. clear

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. * create interaction
. gen womenXpres=pctwomen*pres_new
(13 missing values generated)

. 
. 
. * recode the DV
. rename cpi_ti cpi_ti_o

. gen cpi_ti = 10 - cpi_ti_o
(739 missing values generated)

. 
. * generate multiple imputation data sets
. ice cpi_ti pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1994, seed(123456) m(50) savi
> ng(wb_imputed, replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      1,016       50.75       50.75
          1 |        228       11.39       62.14
          2 |          5        0.25       62.39
          . |        753       37.61      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
   pres_new |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
 womenXpres |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | cpi_ti pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp
trade_imp~p | regress | cpi_ti pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant wecon
     cpi_ti | regress | pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): reg cpi_ti L.cpi_ti L2.cpi_ti L3.cpi_ti pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp weco
> n i.year i.region if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,024
                                                Average RVI       =     0.4781
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.7877
                                                Complete DF       =        990
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =      58.57
                                                        avg       =     395.90
                                                        max       =     881.29
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  33,  924.1)   =     369.60
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .5716765   .0576505     9.92   0.000     .4565032    .6868499
           L2. |   .1737544   .0627009     2.77   0.007     .0482711    .2992378
           L3. |   .1123861   .0443682     2.53   0.013     .0239678    .2008044
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0043709   .0031274    -1.40   0.163    -.0105103    .0017684
      pres_new |  -.1200262   .0943785    -1.27   0.204    -.3054652    .0654128
    womenXpres |   .0064377   .0049886     1.29   0.198     -.003366    .0162414
        fh_neg |  -.0914199   .0346526    -2.64   0.009    -.1595238   -.0233159
       log_gdp |  -.1445889   .0369811    -3.91   0.000    -.2172555   -.0719223
pct_protestant |  -.0019475   .0009735    -2.00   0.046    -.0038592   -.0000358
  trade_impexp |  -.0001573   .0005963    -0.26   0.792    -.0013285    .0010139
         wecon |  -.0195512   .0388119    -0.50   0.615    -.0957873    .0566848
               |
          year |
         1997  |  -.0278441   .1458235    -0.19   0.849    -.3170338    .2613456
         1998  |   .0108699   .1604563     0.07   0.946    -.3082879    .3300278
         1999  |  -.0590262   .1297083    -0.46   0.650     -.315423    .1973706
         2001  |   .1355559   .1532873     0.88   0.379    -.1690801    .4401919
         2002  |   .1069926   .1218573     0.88   0.381    -.1335731    .3475583
         2003  |    .099776   .1227534     0.81   0.417    -.1425992    .3421512
         2004  |   .0833521   .1187623     0.70   0.484    -.1508886    .3175929
         2005  |   .1017728   .1176822     0.86   0.388    -.1302381    .3337837
         2006  |   .1422915   .1205773     1.18   0.239    -.0954874    .3800705
         2007  |   .1172308   .1192042     0.98   0.326    -.1176797    .3521413
         2008  |   .1540229   .1205457     1.28   0.203    -.0834997    .3915455
         2009  |   .2131663   .1193681     1.79   0.075    -.0220746    .4484073
         2010  |   .2265257   .1213062     1.87   0.063    -.0125617    .4656132
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0450129   .1229436    -0.37   0.714    -.2864228    .1963969
            3  |   .1470656   .1274511     1.15   0.249    -.1031536    .3972848
            4  |   .0697667   .1312166     0.53   0.595    -.1877812    .3273146
            5  |   .0558139   .1246737     0.45   0.655    -.1889538    .3005817
            6  |    .078302   .1498587     0.52   0.601    -.2158197    .3724236
            7  |   .2120861   .0849811     2.50   0.013     .0452017    .3789704
            8  |    .289704   .1159313     2.50   0.013     .0619831    .5174249
            9  |     .20409   .1081604     1.89   0.060    -.0083094    .4164893
           10  |   .1802353   .1122276     1.61   0.109     -.040111    .4005815
               |
         _cons |   1.691169    .430463     3.93   0.000     .8443339    2.538005
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. eststo president: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,024
                                                Average RVI       =     0.4781
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.7877
                                                Complete DF       =        990
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =      58.57
                                                        avg       =     395.90
                                                        max       =     881.29
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  33,  924.1)   =     369.60
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .5716765   .0576505     9.92   0.000     .4565032    .6868499
           L2. |   .1737544   .0627009     2.77   0.007     .0482711    .2992378
           L3. |   .1123861   .0443682     2.53   0.013     .0239678    .2008044
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0043709   .0031274    -1.40   0.163    -.0105103    .0017684
      pres_new |  -.1200262   .0943785    -1.27   0.204    -.3054652    .0654128
    womenXpres |   .0064377   .0049886     1.29   0.198     -.003366    .0162414
        fh_neg |  -.0914199   .0346526    -2.64   0.009    -.1595238   -.0233159
       log_gdp |  -.1445889   .0369811    -3.91   0.000    -.2172555   -.0719223
pct_protestant |  -.0019475   .0009735    -2.00   0.046    -.0038592   -.0000358
  trade_impexp |  -.0001573   .0005963    -0.26   0.792    -.0013285    .0010139
         wecon |  -.0195512   .0388119    -0.50   0.615    -.0957873    .0566848
               |
          year |
         1997  |  -.0278441   .1458235    -0.19   0.849    -.3170338    .2613456
         1998  |   .0108699   .1604563     0.07   0.946    -.3082879    .3300278
         1999  |  -.0590262   .1297083    -0.46   0.650     -.315423    .1973706
         2001  |   .1355559   .1532873     0.88   0.379    -.1690801    .4401919
         2002  |   .1069926   .1218573     0.88   0.381    -.1335731    .3475583
         2003  |    .099776   .1227534     0.81   0.417    -.1425992    .3421512
         2004  |   .0833521   .1187623     0.70   0.484    -.1508886    .3175929
         2005  |   .1017728   .1176822     0.86   0.388    -.1302381    .3337837
         2006  |   .1422915   .1205773     1.18   0.239    -.0954874    .3800705
         2007  |   .1172308   .1192042     0.98   0.326    -.1176797    .3521413
         2008  |   .1540229   .1205457     1.28   0.203    -.0834997    .3915455
         2009  |   .2131663   .1193681     1.79   0.075    -.0220746    .4484073
         2010  |   .2265257   .1213062     1.87   0.063    -.0125617    .4656132
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0450129   .1229436    -0.37   0.714    -.2864228    .1963969
            3  |   .1470656   .1274511     1.15   0.249    -.1031536    .3972848
            4  |   .0697667   .1312166     0.53   0.595    -.1877812    .3273146
            5  |   .0558139   .1246737     0.45   0.655    -.1889538    .3005817
            6  |    .078302   .1498587     0.52   0.601    -.2158197    .3724236
            7  |   .2120861   .0849811     2.50   0.013     .0452017    .3789704
            8  |    .289704   .1159313     2.50   0.013     .0619831    .5174249
            9  |     .20409   .1081604     1.89   0.060    -.0083094    .4164893
           10  |   .1802353   .1122276     1.61   0.109     -.040111    .4005815
               |
         _cons |   1.691169    .430463     3.93   0.000     .8443339    2.538005
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. unique countryid if used==1
Number of unique values of countryid is  76
Number of records is  51200

. 
. 
. 
. 
. ****
. * personalism measure
. * TI Corruption Measure
. ****
. 
. 
. clear

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. 
. * recode the DV
. rename cpi_ti cpi_ti_o

. gen cpi_ti = 10 - cpi_ti_o
(739 missing values generated)

. 
. * create interaction variable
. gen womenXpers=pctwomen*pers_lower
(45 missing values generated)

. 
. * generate multiple imputation data sets
. ice cpi_ti pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1994, seed(123456) m(50) sa
> ving(wb_imputed, replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      1,016       50.75       50.75
          1 |        228       11.39       62.14
          2 |          5        0.25       62.39
          . |        753       37.61      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
 pers_lower |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
 womenXpers |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | cpi_ti pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp
trade_imp~p | regress | cpi_ti pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant wecon
     cpi_ti | regress | pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): reg cpi_ti L.cpi_ti L2.cpi_ti L3.cpi_ti pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp we
> con i.year i.region if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,024
                                                Average RVI       =     0.4774
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.7910
                                                Complete DF       =        990
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =      57.97
                                                        avg       =     394.54
                                                        max       =     818.38
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  33,  924.2)   =     367.90
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .5638967   .0574756     9.81   0.000     .4490749    .6787184
           L2. |   .1759184   .0629396     2.80   0.007     .0499298     .301907
           L3. |   .1111235   .0449851     2.47   0.016     .0214443    .2008027
               |
      pctwomen |   .0006877   .0036056     0.19   0.849    -.0063911    .0077666
    pers_lower |   .0097176   .0126307     0.77   0.442    -.0150871    .0345223
    womenXpers |  -.0014242   .0007402    -1.92   0.055    -.0028779    .0000296
        fh_neg |   -.100322   .0351367    -2.86   0.004    -.1693723   -.0312716
       log_gdp |  -.1310971   .0375386    -3.49   0.001    -.2048601   -.0573341
pct_protestant |  -.0024069   .0010018    -2.40   0.017    -.0043743   -.0004395
  trade_impexp |  -.0004295   .0006177    -0.70   0.487    -.0016426    .0007835
         wecon |  -.0047236   .0390644    -0.12   0.904     -.081446    .0719988
               |
          year |
         1997  |  -.0554051   .1468166    -0.38   0.707    -.3465357    .2357255
         1998  |  -.0455684   .1614552    -0.28   0.778    -.3666848    .2755481
         1999  |  -.0935564   .1306661    -0.72   0.475    -.3518369    .1647241
         2001  |   .1200829   .1541505     0.78   0.438    -.1862428    .4264087
         2002  |    .082513   .1230167     0.67   0.503    -.1603474    .3253733
         2003  |   .0902972   .1238352     0.73   0.467    -.1542149    .3348093
         2004  |   .0755992   .1198451     0.63   0.529     -.160779    .3119773
         2005  |   .0958181   .1189024     0.81   0.421    -.1386051    .3302413
         2006  |   .1506344   .1222767     1.23   0.219    -.0905215    .3917904
         2007  |   .1095223   .1202497     0.91   0.363    -.1274453    .3464899
         2008  |   .1561726   .1221023     1.28   0.202    -.0844347    .3967799
         2009  |   .2080102   .1204851     1.73   0.086    -.0294389    .4454593
         2010  |    .208242   .1224919     1.70   0.091    -.0331895    .4496735
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0647387   .1190076    -0.54   0.587    -.2984187    .1689413
            3  |   .1046959   .1309491     0.80   0.424    -.1524026    .3617945
            4  |   .1094804   .1353723     0.81   0.419    -.1562373    .3751981
            5  |   .1211503   .1226419     0.99   0.324     -.119671    .3619716
            6  |   .0176731   .1547325     0.11   0.909    -.2860514    .3213977
            7  |   .1663401   .0853517     1.95   0.052    -.0012546    .3339349
            8  |   .3242925   .1169587     2.77   0.006     .0944501    .5541349
            9  |   .1851576   .1039105     1.78   0.075    -.0189711    .3892863
           10  |   .0994827   .1106843     0.90   0.369    -.1178443    .3168096
               |
         _cons |   1.594883   .4263638     3.74   0.000     .7565439    2.433222
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. 
. eststo personalism: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,024
                                                Average RVI       =     0.4774
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.7910
                                                Complete DF       =        990
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =      57.97
                                                        avg       =     394.54
                                                        max       =     818.38
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  33,  924.2)   =     367.90
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .5638967   .0574756     9.81   0.000     .4490749    .6787184
           L2. |   .1759184   .0629396     2.80   0.007     .0499298     .301907
           L3. |   .1111235   .0449851     2.47   0.016     .0214443    .2008027
               |
      pctwomen |   .0006877   .0036056     0.19   0.849    -.0063911    .0077666
    pers_lower |   .0097176   .0126307     0.77   0.442    -.0150871    .0345223
    womenXpers |  -.0014242   .0007402    -1.92   0.055    -.0028779    .0000296
        fh_neg |   -.100322   .0351367    -2.86   0.004    -.1693723   -.0312716
       log_gdp |  -.1310971   .0375386    -3.49   0.001    -.2048601   -.0573341
pct_protestant |  -.0024069   .0010018    -2.40   0.017    -.0043743   -.0004395
  trade_impexp |  -.0004295   .0006177    -0.70   0.487    -.0016426    .0007835
         wecon |  -.0047236   .0390644    -0.12   0.904     -.081446    .0719988
               |
          year |
         1997  |  -.0554051   .1468166    -0.38   0.707    -.3465357    .2357255
         1998  |  -.0455684   .1614552    -0.28   0.778    -.3666848    .2755481
         1999  |  -.0935564   .1306661    -0.72   0.475    -.3518369    .1647241
         2001  |   .1200829   .1541505     0.78   0.438    -.1862428    .4264087
         2002  |    .082513   .1230167     0.67   0.503    -.1603474    .3253733
         2003  |   .0902972   .1238352     0.73   0.467    -.1542149    .3348093
         2004  |   .0755992   .1198451     0.63   0.529     -.160779    .3119773
         2005  |   .0958181   .1189024     0.81   0.421    -.1386051    .3302413
         2006  |   .1506344   .1222767     1.23   0.219    -.0905215    .3917904
         2007  |   .1095223   .1202497     0.91   0.363    -.1274453    .3464899
         2008  |   .1561726   .1221023     1.28   0.202    -.0844347    .3967799
         2009  |   .2080102   .1204851     1.73   0.086    -.0294389    .4454593
         2010  |    .208242   .1224919     1.70   0.091    -.0331895    .4496735
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0647387   .1190076    -0.54   0.587    -.2984187    .1689413
            3  |   .1046959   .1309491     0.80   0.424    -.1524026    .3617945
            4  |   .1094804   .1353723     0.81   0.419    -.1562373    .3751981
            5  |   .1211503   .1226419     0.99   0.324     -.119671    .3619716
            6  |   .0176731   .1547325     0.11   0.909    -.2860514    .3213977
            7  |   .1663401   .0853517     1.95   0.052    -.0012546    .3339349
            8  |   .3242925   .1169587     2.77   0.006     .0944501    .5541349
            9  |   .1851576   .1039105     1.78   0.075    -.0189711    .3892863
           10  |   .0994827   .1106843     0.90   0.369    -.1178443    .3168096
               |
         _cons |   1.594883   .4263638     3.74   0.000     .7565439    2.433222
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. unique countryid if used==1
Number of unique values of countryid is  76
Number of records is  51200

. 
. 
. esttab pressfree president personalism using lag3.rtf, replace order(L.cpi_ti L2.cpi_ti L3.cpi_ti pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 pre
> s_new womenXpres pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp trade_impexp wecon) keep(L.cpi_ti L2.cpi_ti L3.cpi_ti pctwomen press3_inverse womenX
> press3 pres_new womenXpres pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp trade_impexp wecon) mtitles("press freedom" "presidentialism" "personalism
> ") coeflabels(L.icrg_corr "lag TI CPI" L2.icrg_corr "lag (2) TI CPI" L3.icrg_corr "lag (3) TI CPI" pctwomen "% women in lower house" press
> 3_inverse "press freedom" womenXpress3 "% women * press freedom" pres_new "presidential system" womenXpres "% women * presidentialism" per
> s_lower "personalism" womenXpers "% women * personalism" fh_neg "FH Freedom" log_gdp "log GDP per capita" trade_impexp "trade imbalance (%
>  of GDP)" wecon "women's economic rights" _cons "constant") noabbrev wrap gaps varwidth(25) align(r)
(output written to lag3.rtf)

. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. ***********************
. ***********************
. * Fixed Effects Models
. ***********************
. ***********************
. 
. *********
. * lag DV
. *********
. 
. * load in the data
. clear all

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. * recode the DV
. rename cpi_ti cpi_ti_o

. gen cpi_ti = 10 - cpi_ti_o
(739 missing values generated)

. 
. ice cpi_ti pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1994, seed(123456) m(50) saving(wb_imputed, repla
> ce) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      1,016       50.75       50.75
          1 |        228       11.39       62.14
          2 |          5        0.25       62.39
          . |        753       37.61      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | cpi_ti pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant
            |         | trade_impexp
trade_imp~p | regress | cpi_ti pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant wecon
     cpi_ti | regress | pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp
            |         | wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. qui mi xeq: sort countryid year; by countryid: gen lagXwomen = l.cpi_ti * pctwomen

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): xtreg cpi_ti l.cpi_ti pctwomen lagXwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year if exclude_new!=1, 
> fe

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =      1,176

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         11
                                                              avg =       15.5
                                                              max =         16
                                                Average RVI       =     0.5369
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6186
                                                Complete DF       =       1078
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =      99.69
                                                        avg       =     208.35
                                                        max       =     329.23
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  22,  952.6)   =       5.65
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .2314858   .0558565     4.14   0.000     .1206637    .3423079
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0133916    .013454    -1.00   0.320    -.0398859    .0131026
     lagXwomen |   .0031865   .0022936     1.39   0.167    -.0013418    .0077148
        fh_neg |  -.1767028   .0687238    -2.57   0.011    -.3122346   -.0411709
       log_gdp |  -.3008673   .1257966    -2.39   0.017    -.5484738   -.0532609
pct_protestant |          0  (omitted)
  trade_impexp |   -.003636   .0018493    -1.97   0.050    -.0072783    6.37e-06
         wecon |  -.0326767   .0515274    -0.63   0.526    -.1340412    .0686878
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.0119619   .1622463    -0.07   0.941    -.3337284    .3098045
         1996  |  -.0302271   .1518466    -0.20   0.843     -.330922    .2704678
         1997  |   .0360036   .1477703     0.24   0.808    -.2564994    .3285066
         1998  |   .0090631   .1353976     0.07   0.947    -.2582949     .276421
         1999  |  -.0813785   .1305675    -0.62   0.534    -.3390601     .176303
         2001  |   .0727735   .1374901     0.53   0.597    -.1991045    .3446515
         2002  |   .0651414   .1300048     0.50   0.617    -.1914872    .3217701
         2003  |   .1163985   .1246638     0.93   0.351    -.1292582    .3620553
         2004  |   .1356002   .1285694     1.05   0.293    -.1176672    .3888675
         2005  |   .1653232   .1349898     1.22   0.222    -.1006006     .431247
         2006  |   .2130551   .1426105     1.49   0.136    -.0678316    .4939419
         2007  |   .2071498   .1560405     1.33   0.186    -.1001629    .5144625
         2008  |   .2408775    .165896     1.45   0.148    -.0858352    .5675901
         2009  |   .2260921   .1560961     1.45   0.149    -.0813058    .5334901
         2010  |    .270377   .1674863     1.61   0.108    -.0595344    .6002884
               |
         _cons |    6.33446   1.211329     5.23   0.000     3.949437    8.719482
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |  1.1482757
       sigma_e |  .59030652
           rho |   .7909646   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. eststo lagdv: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =      1,176

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         11
                                                              avg =       15.5
                                                              max =         16
                                                Average RVI       =     0.5369
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6186
                                                Complete DF       =       1078
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =      99.69
                                                        avg       =     208.35
                                                        max       =     329.23
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  22,  952.6)   =       5.65
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .2314858   .0558565     4.14   0.000     .1206637    .3423079
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0133916    .013454    -1.00   0.320    -.0398859    .0131026
     lagXwomen |   .0031865   .0022936     1.39   0.167    -.0013418    .0077148
        fh_neg |  -.1767028   .0687238    -2.57   0.011    -.3122346   -.0411709
       log_gdp |  -.3008673   .1257966    -2.39   0.017    -.5484738   -.0532609
pct_protestant |          0  (omitted)
  trade_impexp |   -.003636   .0018493    -1.97   0.050    -.0072783    6.37e-06
         wecon |  -.0326767   .0515274    -0.63   0.526    -.1340412    .0686878
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.0119619   .1622463    -0.07   0.941    -.3337284    .3098045
         1996  |  -.0302271   .1518466    -0.20   0.843     -.330922    .2704678
         1997  |   .0360036   .1477703     0.24   0.808    -.2564994    .3285066
         1998  |   .0090631   .1353976     0.07   0.947    -.2582949     .276421
         1999  |  -.0813785   .1305675    -0.62   0.534    -.3390601     .176303
         2001  |   .0727735   .1374901     0.53   0.597    -.1991045    .3446515
         2002  |   .0651414   .1300048     0.50   0.617    -.1914872    .3217701
         2003  |   .1163985   .1246638     0.93   0.351    -.1292582    .3620553
         2004  |   .1356002   .1285694     1.05   0.293    -.1176672    .3888675
         2005  |   .1653232   .1349898     1.22   0.222    -.1006006     .431247
         2006  |   .2130551   .1426105     1.49   0.136    -.0678316    .4939419
         2007  |   .2071498   .1560405     1.33   0.186    -.1001629    .5144625
         2008  |   .2408775    .165896     1.45   0.148    -.0858352    .5675901
         2009  |   .2260921   .1560961     1.45   0.149    -.0813058    .5334901
         2010  |    .270377   .1674863     1.61   0.108    -.0595344    .6002884
               |
         _cons |    6.33446   1.211329     5.23   0.000     3.949437    8.719482
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |  1.1482757
       sigma_e |  .59030652
           rho |   .7909646   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. 
. unique countryid if used==1
Number of unique values of countryid is  76
Number of records is  58800

. 
. 
. 
. *********************************
. * Press freedom: use press3_inverse so that higher values are more freedom 
. *********************************
. 
. ****
. * Transparency International Measure
. ****
. 
. clear

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. * recode the DV
. rename cpi_ti cpi_ti_o

. gen cpi_ti = 10 - cpi_ti_o
(739 missing values generated)

. 
. * create interaction variable
. gen womenXpress3=pctwomen*press3_inverse
(241 missing values generated)

. 
. * generate multiple imputation data sets
. ice cpi_ti pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1994, seed(123456) m(
> 50) saving(wb_imputed, replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      1,016       50.75       50.75
          1 |        228       11.39       62.14
          2 |          5        0.25       62.39
          . |        753       37.61      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
press3_in~e |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
womenXpre~3 |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | cpi_ti pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg
            |         | log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp
trade_imp~p | regress | cpi_ti pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg
            |         | log_gdp pct_protestant wecon
     cpi_ti | regress | pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): xtreg cpi_ti l.cpi_ti pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i
> f exclude_new!=1, fe

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =      1,176

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         11
                                                              avg =       15.5
                                                              max =         16
                                                Average RVI       =     0.5623
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6340
                                                Complete DF       =       1077
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =      95.08
                                                        avg       =     246.12
                                                        max       =     516.49
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  23,  950.1)   =       5.43
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .2876226    .042002     6.85   0.000      .204239    .3710062
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0093174   .0107178    -0.87   0.385    -.0303746    .0117397
press3_inverse |   .0032807   .0066651     0.49   0.623    -.0098484    .0164099
  womenXpress3 |  -.0004444   .0002807    -1.58   0.114    -.0009959    .0001071
        fh_neg |  -.1367016   .0745152    -1.83   0.068    -.2836506    .0102474
       log_gdp |  -.2645528   .1278313    -2.07   0.040    -.5163952   -.0127104
pct_protestant |          0  (omitted)
  trade_impexp |  -.0032086    .002037    -1.58   0.117    -.0072333    .0008161
         wecon |  -.0440321   .0469636    -0.94   0.349     -.136299    .0482348
               |
          year |
         1995  |    .029525   .1461695     0.20   0.840    -.2597731     .318823
         1996  |   .0182424   .1429261     0.13   0.899    -.2645519    .3010367
         1997  |    .076761   .1350042     0.57   0.570    -.1900146    .3435365
         1998  |   .0294989    .138732     0.21   0.832    -.2448958    .3038936
         1999  |  -.0434729   .1215931    -0.36   0.721    -.2831782    .1962324
         2001  |   .1100132    .133369     0.82   0.411    -.1537139    .3737403
         2002  |   .1160383   .1120856     1.04   0.301    -.1045227    .3365993
         2003  |   .1426789   .1161312     1.23   0.220    -.0859074    .3712652
         2004  |   .1575157   .1235249     1.28   0.203    -.0857078    .4007392
         2005  |   .1756133   .1298904     1.35   0.178    -.0801292    .4313557
         2006  |   .2017355    .142698     1.41   0.159    -.0794446    .4829157
         2007  |   .2067625   .1538225     1.34   0.180    -.0961874    .5097124
         2008  |   .2238137   .1653672     1.35   0.177    -.1019154    .5495429
         2009  |   .2179819   .1525454     1.43   0.154    -.0823533    .5183171
         2010  |    .263262    .163072     1.61   0.108    -.0578297    .5843537
               |
         _cons |    5.84426   1.253507     4.66   0.000     3.372927    8.315593
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |  1.1684802
       sigma_e |  .57169348
           rho |   .8068565   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. 
. eststo pressfree: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =      1,176

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         11
                                                              avg =       15.5
                                                              max =         16
                                                Average RVI       =     0.5623
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6340
                                                Complete DF       =       1077
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =      95.08
                                                        avg       =     246.12
                                                        max       =     516.49
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  23,  950.1)   =       5.43
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .2876226    .042002     6.85   0.000      .204239    .3710062
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0093174   .0107178    -0.87   0.385    -.0303746    .0117397
press3_inverse |   .0032807   .0066651     0.49   0.623    -.0098484    .0164099
  womenXpress3 |  -.0004444   .0002807    -1.58   0.114    -.0009959    .0001071
        fh_neg |  -.1367016   .0745152    -1.83   0.068    -.2836506    .0102474
       log_gdp |  -.2645528   .1278313    -2.07   0.040    -.5163952   -.0127104
pct_protestant |          0  (omitted)
  trade_impexp |  -.0032086    .002037    -1.58   0.117    -.0072333    .0008161
         wecon |  -.0440321   .0469636    -0.94   0.349     -.136299    .0482348
               |
          year |
         1995  |    .029525   .1461695     0.20   0.840    -.2597731     .318823
         1996  |   .0182424   .1429261     0.13   0.899    -.2645519    .3010367
         1997  |    .076761   .1350042     0.57   0.570    -.1900146    .3435365
         1998  |   .0294989    .138732     0.21   0.832    -.2448958    .3038936
         1999  |  -.0434729   .1215931    -0.36   0.721    -.2831782    .1962324
         2001  |   .1100132    .133369     0.82   0.411    -.1537139    .3737403
         2002  |   .1160383   .1120856     1.04   0.301    -.1045227    .3365993
         2003  |   .1426789   .1161312     1.23   0.220    -.0859074    .3712652
         2004  |   .1575157   .1235249     1.28   0.203    -.0857078    .4007392
         2005  |   .1756133   .1298904     1.35   0.178    -.0801292    .4313557
         2006  |   .2017355    .142698     1.41   0.159    -.0794446    .4829157
         2007  |   .2067625   .1538225     1.34   0.180    -.0961874    .5097124
         2008  |   .2238137   .1653672     1.35   0.177    -.1019154    .5495429
         2009  |   .2179819   .1525454     1.43   0.154    -.0823533    .5183171
         2010  |    .263262    .163072     1.61   0.108    -.0578297    .5843537
               |
         _cons |    5.84426   1.253507     4.66   0.000     3.372927    8.315593
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |  1.1684802
       sigma_e |  .57169348
           rho |   .8068565   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. 
. unique countryid if used==1
Number of unique values of countryid is  76
Number of records is  58800

. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. ***************************************************************************
. * parliamentary vs. presidential systems
. ***************************************************************************
. 
. 
. clear 

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. * create interaction
. gen womenXpres=pctwomen*pres_new
(13 missing values generated)

. 
. ****
. * Transparency International Measure
. ****
. 
. * recode the DV
. rename cpi_ti cpi_ti_o

. gen cpi_ti = 10 - cpi_ti_o
(739 missing values generated)

. 
. * generate multiple imputation data sets
. ice cpi_ti pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1994, seed(123456) m(50) savi
> ng(wb_imputed, replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      1,016       50.75       50.75
          1 |        228       11.39       62.14
          2 |          5        0.25       62.39
          . |        753       37.61      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
   pres_new |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
 womenXpres |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | cpi_ti pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp
trade_imp~p | regress | cpi_ti pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant wecon
     cpi_ti | regress | pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): xtreg cpi_ti l.cpi_ti pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year if exclud
> e_new!=1, fe

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =      1,176

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         11
                                                              avg =       15.5
                                                              max =         16
                                                Average RVI       =     0.5897
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6614
                                                Complete DF       =       1078
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =      87.51
                                                        avg       =     229.72
                                                        max       =     533.91
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  22,  938.8)   =       5.09
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .2738585   .0438536     6.24   0.000     .1867017    .3610152
               |
      pctwomen |   .0033018    .008113     0.41   0.684    -.0126511    .0192546
      pres_new |          0  (omitted)
    womenXpres |    .002855   .0101792     0.28   0.779     -.017169    .0228791
        fh_neg |  -.1829967   .0661338    -2.77   0.006    -.3133381   -.0526553
       log_gdp |  -.2496501   .1291705    -1.93   0.054     -.504107    .0048068
pct_protestant |          0  (omitted)
  trade_impexp |  -.0032403   .0022039    -1.47   0.144    -.0075973    .0011168
         wecon |  -.0454939   .0472565    -0.96   0.336    -.1383254    .0473376
               |
          year |
         1995  |   .0322873   .1508692     0.21   0.831     -.266447    .3310217
         1996  |  -.0087326   .1469577    -0.06   0.953    -.2995862     .282121
         1997  |   .0522996    .138731     0.38   0.707    -.2219177     .326517
         1998  |   .0273641   .1424148     0.19   0.848    -.2543902    .3091184
         1999  |  -.0646564   .1252902    -0.52   0.606    -.3117349    .1824221
         2001  |   .0877062   .1372621     0.64   0.524    -.1838254    .3592379
         2002  |   .0899891   .1152403     0.78   0.436    -.1368389    .3168172
         2003  |   .1114633   .1185066     0.94   0.348    -.1218392    .3447658
         2004  |   .1330617   .1252098     1.06   0.289    -.1135097    .3796332
         2005  |   .1553017   .1309264     1.19   0.237    -.1024997    .4131032
         2006  |   .1920539   .1436244     1.34   0.183      -.09097    .4750778
         2007  |   .1869025   .1553747     1.20   0.230     -.119139     .492944
         2008  |   .2047999   .1657112     1.24   0.218    -.1216147    .5312144
         2009  |   .2038303   .1533548     1.33   0.185    -.0981211    .5057817
         2010  |   .2507039   .1646365     1.52   0.129    -.0735425    .5749504
               |
         _cons |   5.582255   1.242163     4.49   0.000     3.133435    8.031076
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |  1.2472947
       sigma_e |  .58162259
           rho |  .82139405   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. eststo president: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =      1,176

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         11
                                                              avg =       15.5
                                                              max =         16
                                                Average RVI       =     0.5897
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6614
                                                Complete DF       =       1078
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =      87.51
                                                        avg       =     229.72
                                                        max       =     533.91
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  22,  938.8)   =       5.09
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .2738585   .0438536     6.24   0.000     .1867017    .3610152
               |
      pctwomen |   .0033018    .008113     0.41   0.684    -.0126511    .0192546
      pres_new |          0  (omitted)
    womenXpres |    .002855   .0101792     0.28   0.779     -.017169    .0228791
        fh_neg |  -.1829967   .0661338    -2.77   0.006    -.3133381   -.0526553
       log_gdp |  -.2496501   .1291705    -1.93   0.054     -.504107    .0048068
pct_protestant |          0  (omitted)
  trade_impexp |  -.0032403   .0022039    -1.47   0.144    -.0075973    .0011168
         wecon |  -.0454939   .0472565    -0.96   0.336    -.1383254    .0473376
               |
          year |
         1995  |   .0322873   .1508692     0.21   0.831     -.266447    .3310217
         1996  |  -.0087326   .1469577    -0.06   0.953    -.2995862     .282121
         1997  |   .0522996    .138731     0.38   0.707    -.2219177     .326517
         1998  |   .0273641   .1424148     0.19   0.848    -.2543902    .3091184
         1999  |  -.0646564   .1252902    -0.52   0.606    -.3117349    .1824221
         2001  |   .0877062   .1372621     0.64   0.524    -.1838254    .3592379
         2002  |   .0899891   .1152403     0.78   0.436    -.1368389    .3168172
         2003  |   .1114633   .1185066     0.94   0.348    -.1218392    .3447658
         2004  |   .1330617   .1252098     1.06   0.289    -.1135097    .3796332
         2005  |   .1553017   .1309264     1.19   0.237    -.1024997    .4131032
         2006  |   .1920539   .1436244     1.34   0.183      -.09097    .4750778
         2007  |   .1869025   .1553747     1.20   0.230     -.119139     .492944
         2008  |   .2047999   .1657112     1.24   0.218    -.1216147    .5312144
         2009  |   .2038303   .1533548     1.33   0.185    -.0981211    .5057817
         2010  |   .2507039   .1646365     1.52   0.129    -.0735425    .5749504
               |
         _cons |   5.582255   1.242163     4.49   0.000     3.133435    8.031076
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |  1.2472947
       sigma_e |  .58162259
           rho |  .82139405   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. 
. unique countryid if used==1
Number of unique values of countryid is  76
Number of records is  58800

. 
. 
. 
. 
. *************************************************************************** 
. * personalist vs. party systems in the lower house (pers_lower)
. ***************************************************************************
. 
. ****
. * Transparency International Measure
. ****
. 
. 
. clear

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. 
. * recode the DV
. rename cpi_ti cpi_ti_o

. gen cpi_ti = 10 - cpi_ti_o
(739 missing values generated)

. 
. * create interaction variable
. gen womenXpers=pctwomen*pers_lower
(45 missing values generated)

. 
. * generate multiple imputation data sets
. ice cpi_ti pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1994, seed(123456) m(50) sa
> ving(wb_imputed, replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      1,016       50.75       50.75
          1 |        228       11.39       62.14
          2 |          5        0.25       62.39
          . |        753       37.61      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
 pers_lower |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
 womenXpers |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | cpi_ti pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp
trade_imp~p | regress | cpi_ti pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant wecon
     cpi_ti | regress | pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): xtreg cpi_ti l.cpi_ti pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year if excl
> ude_new!=1, fe

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =      1,176

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         11
                                                              avg =       15.5
                                                              max =         16
                                                Average RVI       =     0.5940
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6590
                                                Complete DF       =       1077
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =      88.11
                                                        avg       =     217.10
                                                        max       =     539.31
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  23,  942.1)   =       5.42
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .2868776   .0437276     6.56   0.000     .1999797    .3737754
               |
      pctwomen |   .0002685   .0092268     0.03   0.977     -.017905    .0184419
    pers_lower |  -.0126316   .0264621    -0.48   0.634    -.0648094    .0395462
    womenXpers |   .0006626   .0015717     0.42   0.674    -.0024352    .0037605
        fh_neg |  -.1788035   .0680114    -2.63   0.009    -.3128589    -.044748
       log_gdp |  -.2700516   .1335336    -2.02   0.044    -.5332353   -.0068679
pct_protestant |          0  (omitted)
  trade_impexp |  -.0032156   .0021698    -1.48   0.141     -.007507    .0010757
         wecon |   -.037871   .0480901    -0.79   0.431    -.1323379    .0565959
               |
          year |
         1995  |   .0380177   .1535468     0.25   0.805    -.2659613    .3419968
         1996  |  -.0005759   .1501366    -0.00   0.997    -.2977476    .2965958
         1997  |   .0718025     .14027     0.51   0.609    -.2054075    .3490124
         1998  |  -.0002588    .144884    -0.00   0.999    -.2868964    .2863788
         1999  |  -.0834164   .1268516    -0.66   0.512    -.3335417    .1667088
         2001  |   .0695731   .1395989     0.50   0.619    -.2065812    .3457274
         2002  |   .0624796   .1170326     0.53   0.594    -.1678668    .2928261
         2003  |   .0949368   .1202418     0.79   0.430    -.1417677    .3316414
         2004  |   .1186821   .1272341     0.93   0.352    -.1318697    .3692339
         2005  |   .1417082   .1329513     1.07   0.287    -.1200766    .4034929
         2006  |   .1896957   .1455166     1.30   0.194     -.097048    .4764395
         2007  |    .179359   .1576493     1.14   0.256    -.1311701     .489888
         2008  |   .2057823   .1684447     1.22   0.223    -.1260404     .537605
         2009  |   .2023969   .1557665     1.30   0.195    -.1043012    .5090949
         2010  |   .2322076   .1679382     1.38   0.168    -.0985792    .5629944
               |
         _cons |   5.789321   1.288887     4.49   0.000     3.247201    8.331441
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |  1.2185272
       sigma_e |  .59156915
           rho |  .80926465   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. 
. eststo personalism: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =      1,176

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         11
                                                              avg =       15.5
                                                              max =         16
                                                Average RVI       =     0.5940
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6590
                                                Complete DF       =       1077
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =      88.11
                                                        avg       =     217.10
                                                        max       =     539.31
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  23,  942.1)   =       5.42
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .2868776   .0437276     6.56   0.000     .1999797    .3737754
               |
      pctwomen |   .0002685   .0092268     0.03   0.977     -.017905    .0184419
    pers_lower |  -.0126316   .0264621    -0.48   0.634    -.0648094    .0395462
    womenXpers |   .0006626   .0015717     0.42   0.674    -.0024352    .0037605
        fh_neg |  -.1788035   .0680114    -2.63   0.009    -.3128589    -.044748
       log_gdp |  -.2700516   .1335336    -2.02   0.044    -.5332353   -.0068679
pct_protestant |          0  (omitted)
  trade_impexp |  -.0032156   .0021698    -1.48   0.141     -.007507    .0010757
         wecon |   -.037871   .0480901    -0.79   0.431    -.1323379    .0565959
               |
          year |
         1995  |   .0380177   .1535468     0.25   0.805    -.2659613    .3419968
         1996  |  -.0005759   .1501366    -0.00   0.997    -.2977476    .2965958
         1997  |   .0718025     .14027     0.51   0.609    -.2054075    .3490124
         1998  |  -.0002588    .144884    -0.00   0.999    -.2868964    .2863788
         1999  |  -.0834164   .1268516    -0.66   0.512    -.3335417    .1667088
         2001  |   .0695731   .1395989     0.50   0.619    -.2065812    .3457274
         2002  |   .0624796   .1170326     0.53   0.594    -.1678668    .2928261
         2003  |   .0949368   .1202418     0.79   0.430    -.1417677    .3316414
         2004  |   .1186821   .1272341     0.93   0.352    -.1318697    .3692339
         2005  |   .1417082   .1329513     1.07   0.287    -.1200766    .4034929
         2006  |   .1896957   .1455166     1.30   0.194     -.097048    .4764395
         2007  |    .179359   .1576493     1.14   0.256    -.1311701     .489888
         2008  |   .2057823   .1684447     1.22   0.223    -.1260404     .537605
         2009  |   .2023969   .1557665     1.30   0.195    -.1043012    .5090949
         2010  |   .2322076   .1679382     1.38   0.168    -.0985792    .5629944
               |
         _cons |   5.789321   1.288887     4.49   0.000     3.247201    8.331441
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |  1.2185272
       sigma_e |  .59156915
           rho |  .80926465   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. 
. unique countryid if used==1
Number of unique values of countryid is  76
Number of records is  58800

. 
. esttab lagdv pressfree president personalism using fe.rtf, replace order(L.cpi_ti pctwomen lagXwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 pres_new 
> womenXpres pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp trade_impexp wecon) keep(pctwomen L.cpi_ti lagXwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 womenXpre
> s pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp trade_impexp wecon) mtitles("lag DV" "press freedom" "presidentialism" "personalism") coeflabels(L.
> cpi_ti "lag TI CPI" pctwomen "% women in lower house" lagXwomen "% women * lag DV" press3_inverse "press freedom" womenXpress3 "% women * 
> press freedom" pres_new "presidential system" womenXpres "% women * presidentialism" pers_lower "personalism" womenXpers "% women * person
> alism" fh_neg "FH Freedom" log_gdp "log GDP per capita" trade_impexp "trade imbalance (% of GDP)" wecon "women's economic rights" _cons "c
> onstant") noabbrev wrap gaps varwidth(25) align(r)
(output written to fe.rtf)

. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. ***********************
. ***********************
. * No Lag Models
. ***********************
. ***********************
. 
. *********************************
. * Press freedom: use press3_inverse so that higher values are more freedom 
. *********************************
. 
. ****
. * Transparency International Measure
. ****
. 
. clear all

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. * recode the DV
. rename cpi_ti cpi_ti_o

. gen cpi_ti = 10 - cpi_ti_o
(739 missing values generated)

. 
. * create interaction variable
. gen womenXpress3=pctwomen*press3_inverse
(241 missing values generated)

. 
. * generate multiple imputation data sets
. ice cpi_ti pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1994, seed(123456) m(
> 50) saving(wb_imputed, replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      1,016       50.75       50.75
          1 |        228       11.39       62.14
          2 |          5        0.25       62.39
          . |        753       37.61      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
press3_in~e |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
womenXpre~3 |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | cpi_ti pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg
            |         | log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp
trade_imp~p | regress | cpi_ti pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg
            |         | log_gdp pct_protestant wecon
     cpi_ti | regress | pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): reg cpi_ti pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region if 
> exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,249
                                                Average RVI       =     0.2606
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.4623
                                                Complete DF       =       1215
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     173.02
                                                        avg       =     513.38
                                                        max       =     791.03
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  33, 1173.9)   =     159.22
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      pctwomen |  -.0757893   .0078828    -9.61   0.000    -.0912756    -.060303
press3_inverse |   .0229659   .0060423     3.80   0.000     .0110741    .0348577
  womenXpress3 |  -.0023123   .0002602    -8.89   0.000    -.0028237   -.0018009
        fh_neg |  -.4574196    .084494    -5.41   0.000    -.6237979   -.2910413
       log_gdp |  -.9949944    .047524   -20.94   0.000    -1.088467   -.9015215
pct_protestant |  -.0103236   .0016366    -6.31   0.000    -.0135386   -.0071087
  trade_impexp |  -.0010253   .0009519    -1.08   0.282    -.0028959    .0008454
         wecon |  -.1422834   .0609708    -2.33   0.020    -.2619989   -.0225679
               |
          year |
         1994  |   .2127403   .2135129     1.00   0.320    -.2086851    .6341657
         1995  |   .0769717    .190156     0.40   0.686    -.2971976     .451141
         1996  |   .0744873   .1816129     0.41   0.682    -.2825358    .4315103
         1997  |   .0978771   .1820185     0.54   0.591     -.259971    .4557252
         1998  |   .0663938   .1775685     0.37   0.709     -.282527    .4153146
         1999  |  -.0218066   .1678916    -0.13   0.897    -.3515118    .3078986
         2001  |   .1135126   .1712291     0.66   0.508    -.2228652    .4498904
         2002  |   .2267184   .1651095     1.37   0.170    -.0974399    .5508768
         2003  |   .3941307   .1644661     2.40   0.017     .0712637    .7169978
         2004  |   .5123848   .1660545     3.09   0.002     .1863722    .8383973
         2005  |   .6022701   .1662373     3.62   0.000     .2759195    .9286207
         2006  |   .6577595   .1706157     3.86   0.000      .322751     .992768
         2007  |   .8162796    .168951     4.83   0.000     .4846108    1.147948
         2008  |   .8453201   .1717546     4.92   0.000     .5081396    1.182501
         2009  |   .7677325   .1697145     4.52   0.000     .4345757    1.100889
         2010  |   .8790121   .1705139     5.16   0.000     .5442989    1.213725
               |
        region |
            2  |   .3595049   .2184731     1.65   0.101    -.0701651    .7891749
            3  |   1.021701   .2240272     4.56   0.000     .5808977    1.462504
            4  |    .443459   .2160284     2.05   0.041     .0192421    .8676759
            5  |  -.0050083   .2159195    -0.02   0.982    -.4297206     .419704
            6  |   .7252904   .2444412     2.97   0.003     .2453636    1.205217
            7  |   1.051602    .134788     7.80   0.000     .7867706    1.316433
            8  |    1.04024   .1934897     5.38   0.000     .6595956    1.420884
            9  |   1.561928   .1590015     9.82   0.000     1.249468    1.874389
           10  |   1.093901   .1914649     5.71   0.000     .7174741    1.470327
               |
         _cons |   12.88499   .4445251    28.99   0.000      12.0109    13.75908
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. eststo pressfree: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,249
                                                Average RVI       =     0.2606
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.4623
                                                Complete DF       =       1215
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     173.02
                                                        avg       =     513.38
                                                        max       =     791.03
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  33, 1173.9)   =     159.22
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      pctwomen |  -.0757893   .0078828    -9.61   0.000    -.0912756    -.060303
press3_inverse |   .0229659   .0060423     3.80   0.000     .0110741    .0348577
  womenXpress3 |  -.0023123   .0002602    -8.89   0.000    -.0028237   -.0018009
        fh_neg |  -.4574196    .084494    -5.41   0.000    -.6237979   -.2910413
       log_gdp |  -.9949944    .047524   -20.94   0.000    -1.088467   -.9015215
pct_protestant |  -.0103236   .0016366    -6.31   0.000    -.0135386   -.0071087
  trade_impexp |  -.0010253   .0009519    -1.08   0.282    -.0028959    .0008454
         wecon |  -.1422834   .0609708    -2.33   0.020    -.2619989   -.0225679
               |
          year |
         1994  |   .2127403   .2135129     1.00   0.320    -.2086851    .6341657
         1995  |   .0769717    .190156     0.40   0.686    -.2971976     .451141
         1996  |   .0744873   .1816129     0.41   0.682    -.2825358    .4315103
         1997  |   .0978771   .1820185     0.54   0.591     -.259971    .4557252
         1998  |   .0663938   .1775685     0.37   0.709     -.282527    .4153146
         1999  |  -.0218066   .1678916    -0.13   0.897    -.3515118    .3078986
         2001  |   .1135126   .1712291     0.66   0.508    -.2228652    .4498904
         2002  |   .2267184   .1651095     1.37   0.170    -.0974399    .5508768
         2003  |   .3941307   .1644661     2.40   0.017     .0712637    .7169978
         2004  |   .5123848   .1660545     3.09   0.002     .1863722    .8383973
         2005  |   .6022701   .1662373     3.62   0.000     .2759195    .9286207
         2006  |   .6577595   .1706157     3.86   0.000      .322751     .992768
         2007  |   .8162796    .168951     4.83   0.000     .4846108    1.147948
         2008  |   .8453201   .1717546     4.92   0.000     .5081396    1.182501
         2009  |   .7677325   .1697145     4.52   0.000     .4345757    1.100889
         2010  |   .8790121   .1705139     5.16   0.000     .5442989    1.213725
               |
        region |
            2  |   .3595049   .2184731     1.65   0.101    -.0701651    .7891749
            3  |   1.021701   .2240272     4.56   0.000     .5808977    1.462504
            4  |    .443459   .2160284     2.05   0.041     .0192421    .8676759
            5  |  -.0050083   .2159195    -0.02   0.982    -.4297206     .419704
            6  |   .7252904   .2444412     2.97   0.003     .2453636    1.205217
            7  |   1.051602    .134788     7.80   0.000     .7867706    1.316433
            8  |    1.04024   .1934897     5.38   0.000     .6595956    1.420884
            9  |   1.561928   .1590015     9.82   0.000     1.249468    1.874389
           10  |   1.093901   .1914649     5.71   0.000     .7174741    1.470327
               |
         _cons |   12.88499   .4445251    28.99   0.000      12.0109    13.75908
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. ***************************************************************************
. * parliamentary vs. presidential systems
. ***************************************************************************
. 
. 
. clear

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. * create interaction
. gen womenXpres=pctwomen*pres_new
(13 missing values generated)

. 
. ****
. * Transparency International Measure
. ****
. 
. * recode the DV
. rename cpi_ti cpi_ti_o

. gen cpi_ti = 10 - cpi_ti_o
(739 missing values generated)

. 
. * generate multiple imputation data sets
. ice cpi_ti pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1994, seed(123456) m(50) savi
> ng(wb_imputed, replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      1,016       50.75       50.75
          1 |        228       11.39       62.14
          2 |          5        0.25       62.39
          . |        753       37.61      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
   pres_new |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
 womenXpres |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | cpi_ti pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp
trade_imp~p | regress | cpi_ti pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant wecon
     cpi_ti | regress | pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): reg cpi_ti pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region if exclude_
> new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,249
                                                Average RVI       =     0.2519
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.4587
                                                Complete DF       =       1215
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     175.31
                                                        avg       =     551.47
                                                        max       =     842.16
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  33, 1175.8)   =     152.39
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      pctwomen |  -.0324583   .0052892    -6.14   0.000    -.0428513   -.0220654
      pres_new |  -.5042058   .1474944    -3.42   0.001    -.7939413   -.2144704
    womenXpres |   .0467792   .0080436     5.82   0.000     .0309717    .0625866
        fh_neg |  -.4983335   .0517306    -9.63   0.000     -.599951    -.396716
       log_gdp |   -.965016   .0499221   -19.33   0.000    -1.063231   -.8668013
pct_protestant |  -.0152867   .0015075   -10.14   0.000    -.0182474    -.012326
  trade_impexp |  -.0011018   .0009953    -1.11   0.269    -.0030581    .0008545
         wecon |  -.2300009   .0617812    -3.72   0.000    -.3513094   -.1086924
               |
          year |
         1994  |   .2466354   .2187937     1.13   0.261    -.1851733     .678444
         1995  |   .0971751   .1962871     0.50   0.621    -.2891125    .4834627
         1996  |    .036965   .1871691     0.20   0.844    -.3310038    .4049338
         1997  |   .0687261    .187608     0.37   0.714    -.3001366    .4375887
         1998  |   .0709763   .1829177     0.39   0.698    -.2884729    .4304255
         1999  |  -.0477058   .1732285    -0.28   0.783    -.3879157    .2925041
         2001  |   .0972305   .1773161     0.55   0.584    -.2511618    .4456229
         2002  |     .19564    .170074     1.15   0.250    -.1382786    .5295586
         2003  |   .3400782   .1685932     2.02   0.044     .0091131    .6710432
         2004  |   .4807944   .1691532     2.84   0.005      .148723    .8128657
         2005  |   .5783903   .1685294     3.43   0.001     .2475754    .9092053
         2006  |   .6659084   .1721342     3.87   0.000     .3279754    1.003841
         2007  |   .8389312   .1712573     4.90   0.000     .5027704    1.175092
         2008  |   .8558459   .1736633     4.93   0.000       .51496    1.196732
         2009  |    .829725   .1713498     4.84   0.000     .4933976    1.166052
         2010  |   .9701774   .1722218     5.63   0.000     .6321431    1.308212
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0915325   .2153926    -0.42   0.671    -.5150785    .3320135
            3  |   .7644882   .2248136     3.40   0.001     .3223854    1.206591
            4  |   .1097261   .2193394     0.50   0.617    -.3209184    .5403706
            5  |  -.2476168   .2207848    -1.12   0.263      -.68173    .1864964
            6  |   .1741681   .2490997     0.70   0.485    -.3147721    .6631084
            7  |   .8398179   .1390008     6.04   0.000     .5667414    1.112894
            8  |   .9392088   .1928779     4.87   0.000     .5600183    1.318399
            9  |   1.351422   .1674873     8.07   0.000     1.022468    1.680375
           10  |   .7873145   .1900342     4.14   0.000     .4138742    1.160755
               |
         _cons |   12.56814   .4964582    25.32   0.000     11.59116    13.54512
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. eststo president: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,249
                                                Average RVI       =     0.2519
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.4587
                                                Complete DF       =       1215
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     175.31
                                                        avg       =     551.47
                                                        max       =     842.16
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  33, 1175.8)   =     152.39
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      pctwomen |  -.0324583   .0052892    -6.14   0.000    -.0428513   -.0220654
      pres_new |  -.5042058   .1474944    -3.42   0.001    -.7939413   -.2144704
    womenXpres |   .0467792   .0080436     5.82   0.000     .0309717    .0625866
        fh_neg |  -.4983335   .0517306    -9.63   0.000     -.599951    -.396716
       log_gdp |   -.965016   .0499221   -19.33   0.000    -1.063231   -.8668013
pct_protestant |  -.0152867   .0015075   -10.14   0.000    -.0182474    -.012326
  trade_impexp |  -.0011018   .0009953    -1.11   0.269    -.0030581    .0008545
         wecon |  -.2300009   .0617812    -3.72   0.000    -.3513094   -.1086924
               |
          year |
         1994  |   .2466354   .2187937     1.13   0.261    -.1851733     .678444
         1995  |   .0971751   .1962871     0.50   0.621    -.2891125    .4834627
         1996  |    .036965   .1871691     0.20   0.844    -.3310038    .4049338
         1997  |   .0687261    .187608     0.37   0.714    -.3001366    .4375887
         1998  |   .0709763   .1829177     0.39   0.698    -.2884729    .4304255
         1999  |  -.0477058   .1732285    -0.28   0.783    -.3879157    .2925041
         2001  |   .0972305   .1773161     0.55   0.584    -.2511618    .4456229
         2002  |     .19564    .170074     1.15   0.250    -.1382786    .5295586
         2003  |   .3400782   .1685932     2.02   0.044     .0091131    .6710432
         2004  |   .4807944   .1691532     2.84   0.005      .148723    .8128657
         2005  |   .5783903   .1685294     3.43   0.001     .2475754    .9092053
         2006  |   .6659084   .1721342     3.87   0.000     .3279754    1.003841
         2007  |   .8389312   .1712573     4.90   0.000     .5027704    1.175092
         2008  |   .8558459   .1736633     4.93   0.000       .51496    1.196732
         2009  |    .829725   .1713498     4.84   0.000     .4933976    1.166052
         2010  |   .9701774   .1722218     5.63   0.000     .6321431    1.308212
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0915325   .2153926    -0.42   0.671    -.5150785    .3320135
            3  |   .7644882   .2248136     3.40   0.001     .3223854    1.206591
            4  |   .1097261   .2193394     0.50   0.617    -.3209184    .5403706
            5  |  -.2476168   .2207848    -1.12   0.263      -.68173    .1864964
            6  |   .1741681   .2490997     0.70   0.485    -.3147721    .6631084
            7  |   .8398179   .1390008     6.04   0.000     .5667414    1.112894
            8  |   .9392088   .1928779     4.87   0.000     .5600183    1.318399
            9  |   1.351422   .1674873     8.07   0.000     1.022468    1.680375
           10  |   .7873145   .1900342     4.14   0.000     .4138742    1.160755
               |
         _cons |   12.56814   .4964582    25.32   0.000     11.59116    13.54512
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. *************************************************************************** 
. * personalist vs. party systems in the lower house (pers_lower)
. ***************************************************************************
. 
. ****
. * Transparency International Measure
. ****
. 
. 
. clear

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. 
. * recode the DV
. rename cpi_ti cpi_ti_o

. gen cpi_ti = 10 - cpi_ti_o
(739 missing values generated)

. 
. * create interaction variable
. gen womenXpers=pctwomen*pers_lower
(45 missing values generated)

. 
. * generate multiple imputation data sets
. ice cpi_ti pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1994, seed(123456) m(50) sa
> ving(wb_imputed, replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      1,016       50.75       50.75
          1 |        228       11.39       62.14
          2 |          5        0.25       62.39
          . |        753       37.61      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
 pers_lower |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
 womenXpers |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | cpi_ti pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp
trade_imp~p | regress | cpi_ti pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant wecon
     cpi_ti | regress | pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): reg cpi_ti pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region if exclud
> e_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,249
                                                Average RVI       =     0.2620
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.4563
                                                Complete DF       =       1215
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     176.83
                                                        avg       =     533.34
                                                        max       =     860.98
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  33, 1173.5)   =     156.34
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      pctwomen |  -.0055984   .0063393    -0.88   0.378    -.0180634    .0068666
    pers_lower |   .0325851   .0215189     1.51   0.131    -.0097628    .0749331
    womenXpers |  -.0061538   .0012446    -4.94   0.000    -.0086008   -.0037069
        fh_neg |  -.5211933   .0519282   -10.04   0.000    -.6232005   -.4191862
       log_gdp |  -.9602631    .049855   -19.26   0.000    -1.058334   -.8621926
pct_protestant |  -.0176179   .0014916   -11.81   0.000    -.0205469   -.0146889
  trade_impexp |  -.0030468   .0009919    -3.07   0.002    -.0049952   -.0010983
         wecon |  -.1622545   .0619954    -2.62   0.009    -.2839791   -.0405298
               |
          year |
         1994  |   .2996768   .2182134     1.37   0.171    -.1309609    .7303145
         1995  |   .0870785   .1965925     0.44   0.658    -.2998305    .4739875
         1996  |  -.0004155   .1881717    -0.00   0.998     -.370413     .369582
         1997  |   .0328387   .1880972     0.17   0.862     -.337027    .4027045
         1998  |   .0083957   .1832581     0.05   0.963    -.3517533    .3685447
         1999  |  -.0941806   .1730957    -0.54   0.587    -.4341415    .2457802
         2001  |   .0805128   .1772385     0.45   0.650    -.2677458    .4287713
         2002  |   .1695953   .1699376     1.00   0.319     -.164067    .5032576
         2003  |   .3360839   .1683869     2.00   0.046     .0055153    .6666524
         2004  |   .4856675    .168904     2.88   0.004     .1540782    .8172567
         2005  |   .6074625   .1682869     3.61   0.000     .2771155    .9378096
         2006  |   .7424193   .1721662     4.31   0.000     .4044047    1.080434
         2007  |   .8948103   .1706572     5.24   0.000      .559822    1.229799
         2008  |   .9562251   .1728115     5.53   0.000     .6170092    1.295441
         2009  |   .8801066   .1705996     5.16   0.000       .54525    1.214963
         2010  |   1.023862    .171393     5.97   0.000     .6874508    1.360273
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.2445701   .2079964    -1.18   0.240    -.6536737    .1645334
            3  |   .6055606   .2345713     2.58   0.010      .143862    1.067259
            4  |   .2792974   .2244567     1.24   0.214    -.1615323     .720127
            5  |  -.0308508   .2197361    -0.14   0.888    -.4632429    .4015413
            6  |  -.1619554   .2484149    -0.65   0.515    -.6495251    .3256144
            7  |   .7722023   .1364362     5.66   0.000     .5042753    1.040129
            8  |   1.045942   .1928738     5.42   0.000     .6665204    1.425363
            9  |   1.184224   .1587748     7.46   0.000     .8722821    1.496166
           10  |   .4409892   .1852842     2.38   0.018     .0769107    .8050677
               |
         _cons |    12.6006   .4811115    26.19   0.000     11.65433    13.54687
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. eststo personalism: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,249
                                                Average RVI       =     0.2620
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.4563
                                                Complete DF       =       1215
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     176.83
                                                        avg       =     533.34
                                                        max       =     860.98
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  33, 1173.5)   =     156.34
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      pctwomen |  -.0055984   .0063393    -0.88   0.378    -.0180634    .0068666
    pers_lower |   .0325851   .0215189     1.51   0.131    -.0097628    .0749331
    womenXpers |  -.0061538   .0012446    -4.94   0.000    -.0086008   -.0037069
        fh_neg |  -.5211933   .0519282   -10.04   0.000    -.6232005   -.4191862
       log_gdp |  -.9602631    .049855   -19.26   0.000    -1.058334   -.8621926
pct_protestant |  -.0176179   .0014916   -11.81   0.000    -.0205469   -.0146889
  trade_impexp |  -.0030468   .0009919    -3.07   0.002    -.0049952   -.0010983
         wecon |  -.1622545   .0619954    -2.62   0.009    -.2839791   -.0405298
               |
          year |
         1994  |   .2996768   .2182134     1.37   0.171    -.1309609    .7303145
         1995  |   .0870785   .1965925     0.44   0.658    -.2998305    .4739875
         1996  |  -.0004155   .1881717    -0.00   0.998     -.370413     .369582
         1997  |   .0328387   .1880972     0.17   0.862     -.337027    .4027045
         1998  |   .0083957   .1832581     0.05   0.963    -.3517533    .3685447
         1999  |  -.0941806   .1730957    -0.54   0.587    -.4341415    .2457802
         2001  |   .0805128   .1772385     0.45   0.650    -.2677458    .4287713
         2002  |   .1695953   .1699376     1.00   0.319     -.164067    .5032576
         2003  |   .3360839   .1683869     2.00   0.046     .0055153    .6666524
         2004  |   .4856675    .168904     2.88   0.004     .1540782    .8172567
         2005  |   .6074625   .1682869     3.61   0.000     .2771155    .9378096
         2006  |   .7424193   .1721662     4.31   0.000     .4044047    1.080434
         2007  |   .8948103   .1706572     5.24   0.000      .559822    1.229799
         2008  |   .9562251   .1728115     5.53   0.000     .6170092    1.295441
         2009  |   .8801066   .1705996     5.16   0.000       .54525    1.214963
         2010  |   1.023862    .171393     5.97   0.000     .6874508    1.360273
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.2445701   .2079964    -1.18   0.240    -.6536737    .1645334
            3  |   .6055606   .2345713     2.58   0.010      .143862    1.067259
            4  |   .2792974   .2244567     1.24   0.214    -.1615323     .720127
            5  |  -.0308508   .2197361    -0.14   0.888    -.4632429    .4015413
            6  |  -.1619554   .2484149    -0.65   0.515    -.6495251    .3256144
            7  |   .7722023   .1364362     5.66   0.000     .5042753    1.040129
            8  |   1.045942   .1928738     5.42   0.000     .6665204    1.425363
            9  |   1.184224   .1587748     7.46   0.000     .8722821    1.496166
           10  |   .4409892   .1852842     2.38   0.018     .0769107    .8050677
               |
         _cons |    12.6006   .4811115    26.19   0.000     11.65433    13.54687
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. 
. 
. esttab pressfree president personalism using nolag.rtf, replace order(pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 pres_new womenXpres pers_lower 
> womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp trade_impexp wecon) keep(pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 pres_new womenXpres pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg l
> og_gdp trade_impexp wecon) mtitles("press freedom" "presidentialism" "personalism") coeflabels(pctwomen "% women in lower house" press3_in
> verse "press freedom" womenXpress3 "% women * press freedom" pres_new "presidential system" womenXpres "% women * presidentialism" pers_lo
> wer "personalism" womenXpers "% women * personalism" fh_neg "FH Freedom" log_gdp "log GDP per capita" trade_impexp "trade imbalance (% of 
> GDP)" wecon "women's economic rights" _cons "constant") noabbrev wrap gaps varwidth(25) align(r)
(output written to nolag.rtf)

. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. ***********************
. ***********************
. * Arellano-Bond DPD Models
. ***********************
. ***********************
. 
. 
. *********************************
. * Press freedom: use press3_inverse so that higher values are more freedom 
. * ICRG Corruption Measure
. *********************************
. 
. * load in the data
. clear all

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. * recode the DV
. rename cpi_ti cpi_ti_o

. gen cpi_ti = 10 - cpi_ti_o
(739 missing values generated)

. 
. * create interaction variable
. gen womenXpress3=pctwomen*press3_inverse
(241 missing values generated)

. tab year, gen(yr)

       Year |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
       1990 |         64        3.20        3.20
       1991 |         79        3.95        7.14
       1992 |         87        4.35       11.49
       1993 |         92        4.60       16.08
       1994 |         96        4.80       20.88
       1995 |         95        4.75       25.62
       1996 |         94        4.70       30.32
       1997 |         93        4.65       34.97
       1998 |         92        4.60       39.56
       1999 |         97        4.85       44.41
       2000 |         98        4.90       49.30
       2001 |         99        4.95       54.25
       2002 |        101        5.04       59.29
       2003 |        100        5.00       64.29
       2004 |        101        5.04       69.33
       2005 |        104        5.19       74.53
       2006 |        105        5.24       79.77
       2007 |        104        5.19       84.97
       2008 |        104        5.19       90.16
       2009 |        100        5.00       95.15
       2010 |         97        4.85      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

. 
. eststo pressfree: xtdpd L(0/2).cpi_ti pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp trade_impexp wecon yr1-yr20 if exclude_new!=1, d
> gmm(cpi_ti, lag(3 4)) lgmm(cpi_ti, lag(3)) div(pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp trade_impexp wecon  yr1-yr20) vce(robus
> t) 
note: yr1 dropped from div() because of collinearity
note: yr2 dropped from div() because of collinearity
note: yr3 dropped from div() because of collinearity
note: yr4 dropped from div() because of collinearity
note: yr5 dropped from div() because of collinearity
note: yr6 dropped from div() because of collinearity
note: yr1 dropped because of collinearity
note: yr2 dropped because of collinearity
note: yr3 dropped because of collinearity
note: yr4 dropped because of collinearity
note: yr5 dropped because of collinearity
note: yr6 dropped because of collinearity
note: yr7 dropped because of collinearity
note: D.yr8 dropped because of collinearity

Dynamic panel-data estimation                   Number of obs     =        851
Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         75
Time variable: year
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =          3
                                                              avg =   11.34667
                                                              max =         14

Number of instruments =     58                  Wald chi2(21)     =    2428.67
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
One-step results
                                (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on countryid)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               |               Robust
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .7408981   .1149775     6.44   0.000     .5155464    .9662498
           L2. |   .2010647    .113273     1.78   0.076    -.0209463    .4230756
               |
      pctwomen |   -.011477   .0097617    -1.18   0.240    -.0306096    .0076557
press3_inverse |  -.0012955   .0055818    -0.23   0.816    -.0122355    .0096446
  womenXpress3 |  -.0002205   .0002199    -1.00   0.316    -.0006515    .0002106
        fh_neg |   .0483022   .0707074     0.68   0.495    -.0902819    .1868862
       log_gdp |  -.0635661   .0793766    -0.80   0.423    -.2191414    .0920092
  trade_impexp |   .0007863   .0013179     0.60   0.551    -.0017968    .0033694
         wecon |  -.0004247   .0248755    -0.02   0.986    -.0491799    .0483304
           yr9 |  -.0596526   .0943021    -0.63   0.527    -.2444813    .1251762
          yr10 |  -.0665358   .0802991    -0.83   0.407    -.2239191    .0908475
          yr11 |  -.1145652     .09489    -1.21   0.227    -.3005462    .0714158
          yr12 |  -.0599813   .1023312    -0.59   0.558    -.2605468    .1405843
          yr13 |  -.0754349   .0793019    -0.95   0.341    -.2308639     .079994
          yr14 |  -.0336954   .0651404    -0.52   0.605    -.1613683    .0939776
          yr15 |   -.097992   .0575005    -1.70   0.088     -.210691     .014707
          yr16 |  -.1166092   .0537153    -2.17   0.030    -.2218892   -.0113291
          yr17 |  -.0776512   .0488562    -1.59   0.112    -.1734076    .0181052
          yr18 |  -.1081811   .0454158    -2.38   0.017    -.1971944   -.0191678
          yr19 |  -.0592496   .0539054    -1.10   0.272    -.1649023    .0464031
          yr20 |   .0171673   .0381534     0.45   0.653     -.057612    .0919466
         _cons |   1.001181   1.039809     0.96   0.336    -1.036808    3.039169
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Instruments for differenced equation
        GMM-type: L(3/4).cpi_ti
        Standard: D.pctwomen D.press3_inverse D.womenXpress3 D.fh_neg
                  D.log_gdp D.trade_impexp D.wecon D.yr7 D.yr8 D.yr9 D.yr10
                  D.yr11 D.yr12 D.yr13 D.yr14 D.yr15 D.yr16 D.yr17 D.yr18
                  D.yr19 D.yr20
Instruments for level equation
        GMM-type: L3D.cpi_ti
        Standard: _cons

. 
. qui xtdpd L(0/2).cpi_ti pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp trade_impexp wecon yr1-yr20 if exclude_new!=1, dgmm(cpi_ti, la
> g(3 4)) lgmm(cpi_ti, lag(3)) div(pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp trade_impexp wecon  yr1-yr20) vce(robust) 

. estat abond, artests(4)

Dynamic panel-data estimation                   Number of obs     =        851
Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         75
Time variable: year
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =          3
                                                              avg =   11.34667
                                                              max =         14

Number of instruments =     58                  Wald chi2(21)     =    2428.67
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
One-step results
                                (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on countryid)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               |               Robust
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .7408981   .1149775     6.44   0.000     .5155464    .9662498
           L2. |   .2010647    .113273     1.78   0.076    -.0209463    .4230756
               |
      pctwomen |   -.011477   .0097617    -1.18   0.240    -.0306096    .0076557
press3_inverse |  -.0012955   .0055818    -0.23   0.816    -.0122355    .0096446
  womenXpress3 |  -.0002205   .0002199    -1.00   0.316    -.0006515    .0002106
        fh_neg |   .0483022   .0707074     0.68   0.495    -.0902819    .1868862
       log_gdp |  -.0635661   .0793766    -0.80   0.423    -.2191414    .0920092
  trade_impexp |   .0007863   .0013179     0.60   0.551    -.0017968    .0033694
         wecon |  -.0004247   .0248755    -0.02   0.986    -.0491799    .0483304
           yr9 |  -.0596526   .0943021    -0.63   0.527    -.2444813    .1251762
          yr10 |  -.0665358   .0802991    -0.83   0.407    -.2239191    .0908475
          yr11 |  -.1145652     .09489    -1.21   0.227    -.3005462    .0714158
          yr12 |  -.0599813   .1023312    -0.59   0.558    -.2605468    .1405843
          yr13 |  -.0754349   .0793019    -0.95   0.341    -.2308639     .079994
          yr14 |  -.0336954   .0651404    -0.52   0.605    -.1613683    .0939776
          yr15 |   -.097992   .0575005    -1.70   0.088     -.210691     .014707
          yr16 |  -.1166092   .0537153    -2.17   0.030    -.2218892   -.0113291
          yr17 |  -.0776512   .0488562    -1.59   0.112    -.1734076    .0181052
          yr18 |  -.1081811   .0454158    -2.38   0.017    -.1971944   -.0191678
          yr19 |  -.0592496   .0539054    -1.10   0.272    -.1649023    .0464031
          yr20 |   .0171673   .0381534     0.45   0.653     -.057612    .0919466
         _cons |   1.001181   1.039809     0.96   0.336    -1.036808    3.039169
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Instruments for differenced equation
        GMM-type: L(3/4).cpi_ti
        Standard: D.pctwomen D.press3_inverse D.womenXpress3 D.fh_neg
                  D.log_gdp D.trade_impexp D.wecon D.yr7 D.yr8 D.yr9 D.yr10
                  D.yr11 D.yr12 D.yr13 D.yr14 D.yr15 D.yr16 D.yr17 D.yr18
                  D.yr19 D.yr20
Instruments for level equation
        GMM-type: L3D.cpi_ti
        Standard: _cons

Arellano-Bond test for zero autocorrelation in first-differenced errors
  +-----------------------+
  |Order |  z     Prob > z|
  |------+----------------|
  |   1  |-2.2153  0.0267 |
  |   2  |-.31776  0.7507 |
  |   3  |-2.4444  0.0145 |
  |   4  | 1.3432  0.1792 |
  +-----------------------+
   H0: no autocorrelation 

. 
. unique countryid if e(sample)
Number of unique values of countryid is  75
Number of records is  851

. tab year if e(sample)

       Year |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
       1997 |         35        4.11        4.11
       1998 |         39        4.58        8.70
       1999 |         42        4.94       13.63
       2000 |         54        6.35       19.98
       2001 |         57        6.70       26.67
       2002 |         57        6.70       33.37
       2003 |         66        7.76       41.13
       2004 |         70        8.23       49.35
       2005 |         74        8.70       58.05
       2006 |         73        8.58       66.63
       2007 |         72        8.46       75.09
       2008 |         71        8.34       83.43
       2009 |         71        8.34       91.77
       2010 |         70        8.23      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |        851      100.00

. 
. qui xtdpd L(0/2).cpi_ti pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp trade_impexp wecon yr1-yr20 if exclude_new!=1, dgmm(cpi_ti, la
> g(3 4)) lgmm(cpi_ti, lag(3)) div(pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp trade_impexp wecon  yr1-yr20) twostep

. estat sargan
Sargan test of overidentifying restrictions
        H0: overidentifying restrictions are valid

        chi2(36)     =  38.63962
        Prob > chi2  =    0.3512

. 
. 
. ***************************************************************************
. * parliamentary vs. presidential systems
. * ICRG Corruption Measure
. ****
. 
. * load in the data
. clear

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. * recode the DV
. rename cpi_ti cpi_ti_o

. gen cpi_ti = 10 - cpi_ti_o
(739 missing values generated)

. 
. * recode the presidentialism measure
. recode pres_new 2=1
(pres_new: 0 changes made)

. 
. * create interaction
. gen womenXpres=pctwomen*pres_new
(13 missing values generated)

. tab year, gen(yr)

       Year |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
       1990 |         64        3.20        3.20
       1991 |         79        3.95        7.14
       1992 |         87        4.35       11.49
       1993 |         92        4.60       16.08
       1994 |         96        4.80       20.88
       1995 |         95        4.75       25.62
       1996 |         94        4.70       30.32
       1997 |         93        4.65       34.97
       1998 |         92        4.60       39.56
       1999 |         97        4.85       44.41
       2000 |         98        4.90       49.30
       2001 |         99        4.95       54.25
       2002 |        101        5.04       59.29
       2003 |        100        5.00       64.29
       2004 |        101        5.04       69.33
       2005 |        104        5.19       74.53
       2006 |        105        5.24       79.77
       2007 |        104        5.19       84.97
       2008 |        104        5.19       90.16
       2009 |        100        5.00       95.15
       2010 |         97        4.85      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

. 
. eststo president: xtdpd L(0/2).cpi_ti pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp trade_impexp wecon yr1-yr20 if exclude_new!=1, dgmm(cpi_
> ti, lag(3 4)) lgmm(cpi_ti, lag(3)) div(pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp trade_impexp wecon yr1-yr20) vce(robust) 
note: pres_new dropped from div() because of collinearity
note: yr1 dropped from div() because of collinearity
note: yr2 dropped from div() because of collinearity
note: yr3 dropped from div() because of collinearity
note: yr4 dropped from div() because of collinearity
note: yr5 dropped from div() because of collinearity
note: yr6 dropped from div() because of collinearity
note: yr1 dropped because of collinearity
note: yr2 dropped because of collinearity
note: yr3 dropped because of collinearity
note: yr4 dropped because of collinearity
note: yr5 dropped because of collinearity
note: yr6 dropped because of collinearity
note: yr7 dropped because of collinearity
note: D.pres_new dropped because of collinearity
note: D.yr8 dropped because of collinearity

Dynamic panel-data estimation                   Number of obs     =        851
Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         75
Time variable: year
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =          3
                                                              avg =   11.34667
                                                              max =         14

Number of instruments =     57                  Wald chi2(20)     =    2364.34
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
One-step results
                              (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on countryid)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
      cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      cpi_ti |
         L1. |   .7744396   .1190541     6.50   0.000     .5410978    1.007781
         L2. |    .221825   .1139486     1.95   0.052    -.0015102    .4451601
             |
    pctwomen |   .0005259   .0062952     0.08   0.933    -.0118124    .0128642
  womenXpres |  -.0084269   .0078608    -1.07   0.284    -.0238338    .0069799
      fh_neg |    .009207   .0639953     0.14   0.886    -.1162215    .1346355
     log_gdp |  -.0445836   .0769924    -0.58   0.563    -.1954859    .1063186
trade_impexp |   .0006483   .0015871     0.41   0.683    -.0024624    .0037589
       wecon |  -.0137051   .0236576    -0.58   0.562    -.0600732     .032663
         yr9 |  -.0516509   .0974957    -0.53   0.596     -.242739    .1394372
        yr10 |  -.0697067   .0847991    -0.82   0.411      -.23591    .0964966
        yr11 |  -.1212308    .099228    -1.22   0.222    -.3157141    .0732526
        yr12 |  -.0734625   .1059121    -0.69   0.488    -.2810463    .1341213
        yr13 |  -.0846445   .0829066    -1.02   0.307    -.2471384    .0778494
        yr14 |  -.0495443   .0687244    -0.72   0.471    -.1842417    .0851531
        yr15 |  -.1117593   .0591895    -1.89   0.059    -.2277686    .0042501
        yr16 |  -.1254518   .0527988    -2.38   0.017    -.2289356   -.0219681
        yr17 |     -.0836   .0471483    -1.77   0.076     -.176009     .008809
        yr18 |  -.1117073   .0473391    -2.36   0.018    -.2044902   -.0189244
        yr19 |  -.0637255   .0521026    -1.22   0.221    -.1658447    .0383938
        yr20 |   .0153845   .0399161     0.39   0.700    -.0628495    .0936185
       _cons |    .510621   1.008042     0.51   0.612    -1.465106    2.486348
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Instruments for differenced equation
        GMM-type: L(3/4).cpi_ti
        Standard: D.pctwomen D.womenXpres D.fh_neg D.log_gdp D.trade_impexp
                  D.wecon D.yr7 D.yr8 D.yr9 D.yr10 D.yr11 D.yr12 D.yr13
                  D.yr14 D.yr15 D.yr16 D.yr17 D.yr18 D.yr19 D.yr20
Instruments for level equation
        GMM-type: L3D.cpi_ti
        Standard: _cons

. 
. qui xtdpd L(0/2).cpi_ti pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp trade_impexp wecon yr1-yr20 if exclude_new!=1, dgmm(cpi_ti, lag(3 4)) 
> lgmm(cpi_ti, lag(3))  div(pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp trade_impexp wecon yr1-yr20) vce(robust) 

. estat abond, artests(4)

Dynamic panel-data estimation                   Number of obs     =        851
Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         75
Time variable: year
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =          3
                                                              avg =   11.34667
                                                              max =         14

Number of instruments =     57                  Wald chi2(20)     =    2364.34
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
One-step results
                              (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on countryid)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
      cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      cpi_ti |
         L1. |   .7744396   .1190541     6.50   0.000     .5410978    1.007781
         L2. |    .221825   .1139486     1.95   0.052    -.0015102    .4451601
             |
    pctwomen |   .0005259   .0062952     0.08   0.933    -.0118124    .0128642
  womenXpres |  -.0084269   .0078608    -1.07   0.284    -.0238338    .0069799
      fh_neg |    .009207   .0639953     0.14   0.886    -.1162215    .1346355
     log_gdp |  -.0445836   .0769924    -0.58   0.563    -.1954859    .1063186
trade_impexp |   .0006483   .0015871     0.41   0.683    -.0024624    .0037589
       wecon |  -.0137051   .0236576    -0.58   0.562    -.0600732     .032663
         yr9 |  -.0516509   .0974957    -0.53   0.596     -.242739    .1394372
        yr10 |  -.0697067   .0847991    -0.82   0.411      -.23591    .0964966
        yr11 |  -.1212308    .099228    -1.22   0.222    -.3157141    .0732526
        yr12 |  -.0734625   .1059121    -0.69   0.488    -.2810463    .1341213
        yr13 |  -.0846445   .0829066    -1.02   0.307    -.2471384    .0778494
        yr14 |  -.0495443   .0687244    -0.72   0.471    -.1842417    .0851531
        yr15 |  -.1117593   .0591895    -1.89   0.059    -.2277686    .0042501
        yr16 |  -.1254518   .0527988    -2.38   0.017    -.2289356   -.0219681
        yr17 |     -.0836   .0471483    -1.77   0.076     -.176009     .008809
        yr18 |  -.1117073   .0473391    -2.36   0.018    -.2044902   -.0189244
        yr19 |  -.0637255   .0521026    -1.22   0.221    -.1658447    .0383938
        yr20 |   .0153845   .0399161     0.39   0.700    -.0628495    .0936185
       _cons |    .510621   1.008042     0.51   0.612    -1.465106    2.486348
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Instruments for differenced equation
        GMM-type: L(3/4).cpi_ti
        Standard: D.pctwomen D.womenXpres D.fh_neg D.log_gdp D.trade_impexp
                  D.wecon D.yr7 D.yr8 D.yr9 D.yr10 D.yr11 D.yr12 D.yr13
                  D.yr14 D.yr15 D.yr16 D.yr17 D.yr18 D.yr19 D.yr20
Instruments for level equation
        GMM-type: L3D.cpi_ti
        Standard: _cons

Arellano-Bond test for zero autocorrelation in first-differenced errors
  +-----------------------+
  |Order |  z     Prob > z|
  |------+----------------|
  |   1  |-2.1371  0.0326 |
  |   2  |-.41197  0.6804 |
  |   3  |-2.5236  0.0116 |
  |   4  | 1.2763  0.2019 |
  +-----------------------+
   H0: no autocorrelation 

. 
. unique countryid if e(sample)
Number of unique values of countryid is  75
Number of records is  851

. tab year if e(sample)

       Year |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
       1997 |         35        4.11        4.11
       1998 |         39        4.58        8.70
       1999 |         42        4.94       13.63
       2000 |         54        6.35       19.98
       2001 |         57        6.70       26.67
       2002 |         57        6.70       33.37
       2003 |         66        7.76       41.13
       2004 |         70        8.23       49.35
       2005 |         74        8.70       58.05
       2006 |         73        8.58       66.63
       2007 |         72        8.46       75.09
       2008 |         71        8.34       83.43
       2009 |         71        8.34       91.77
       2010 |         70        8.23      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |        851      100.00

. 
. qui xtdpd L(0/2).cpi_ti pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp trade_impexp wecon yr1-yr20 if exclude_new!=1, dgmm(cpi_ti, lag(3 4)) 
> lgmm(cpi_ti, lag(3))  div(pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp trade_impexp wecon yr1-yr20) twostep

. estat sargan
Sargan test of overidentifying restrictions
        H0: overidentifying restrictions are valid

        chi2(36)     =  38.00531
        Prob > chi2  =    0.3781

. 
. 
. 
. *************************************************************************** 
. * personalist vs. party systems in the lower house (pers_lower)
. * ICRG Corruption Measure
. ****
. 
. * load in the data
. clear

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. * recode the DV
. rename cpi_ti cpi_ti_o

. gen cpi_ti = 10 - cpi_ti_o
(739 missing values generated)

. 
. * create interaction variable
. gen womenXpers=pctwomen*pers_lower
(45 missing values generated)

. tab year, gen(yr)

       Year |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
       1990 |         64        3.20        3.20
       1991 |         79        3.95        7.14
       1992 |         87        4.35       11.49
       1993 |         92        4.60       16.08
       1994 |         96        4.80       20.88
       1995 |         95        4.75       25.62
       1996 |         94        4.70       30.32
       1997 |         93        4.65       34.97
       1998 |         92        4.60       39.56
       1999 |         97        4.85       44.41
       2000 |         98        4.90       49.30
       2001 |         99        4.95       54.25
       2002 |        101        5.04       59.29
       2003 |        100        5.00       64.29
       2004 |        101        5.04       69.33
       2005 |        104        5.19       74.53
       2006 |        105        5.24       79.77
       2007 |        104        5.19       84.97
       2008 |        104        5.19       90.16
       2009 |        100        5.00       95.15
       2010 |         97        4.85      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

. 
. eststo personalism: xtdpd L(0/2).cpi_ti pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp trade_impexp wecon yr1-yr20 if exclude_new!=1, dgmm(
> cpi_ti, lag(3 4)) lgmm(cpi_ti, lag(3)) div(pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp trade_impexp wecon yr1-yr20) vce(robust)
note: yr1 dropped from div() because of collinearity
note: yr2 dropped from div() because of collinearity
note: yr3 dropped from div() because of collinearity
note: yr4 dropped from div() because of collinearity
note: yr5 dropped from div() because of collinearity
note: yr6 dropped from div() because of collinearity
note: yr1 dropped because of collinearity
note: yr2 dropped because of collinearity
note: yr3 dropped because of collinearity
note: yr4 dropped because of collinearity
note: yr5 dropped because of collinearity
note: yr6 dropped because of collinearity
note: yr7 dropped because of collinearity
note: D.yr8 dropped because of collinearity

Dynamic panel-data estimation                   Number of obs     =        851
Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         75
Time variable: year
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =          3
                                                              avg =   11.34667
                                                              max =         14

Number of instruments =     58                  Wald chi2(21)     =    2360.17
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
One-step results
                              (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on countryid)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
      cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      cpi_ti |
         L1. |   .7438318   .1191301     6.24   0.000      .510341    .9773225
         L2. |   .2334857    .113559     2.06   0.040     .0109141    .4560572
             |
    pctwomen |   .0009869   .0083989     0.12   0.906    -.0154747    .0174485
  pers_lower |   .0173943   .0177483     0.98   0.327    -.0173918    .0521803
  womenXpers |  -.0014319    .001111    -1.29   0.197    -.0036093    .0007456
      fh_neg |   .0150565   .0619776     0.24   0.808    -.1064174    .1365304
     log_gdp |  -.0289405   .0828216    -0.35   0.727    -.1912678    .1333869
trade_impexp |   .0010274   .0015137     0.68   0.497    -.0019394    .0039942
       wecon |  -.0085166    .024206    -0.35   0.725    -.0559595    .0389263
         yr9 |  -.0504848   .0976829    -0.52   0.605    -.2419397    .1409702
        yr10 |  -.0656501   .0852326    -0.77   0.441     -.232703    .1014028
        yr11 |  -.1189235   .0990092    -1.20   0.230     -.312978     .075131
        yr12 |  -.0673958   .1071934    -0.63   0.530     -.277491    .1426994
        yr13 |  -.0758364   .0826222    -0.92   0.359     -.237773    .0861001
        yr14 |   -.044629   .0665314    -0.67   0.502    -.1750281      .08577
        yr15 |  -.1097305   .0570583    -1.92   0.054    -.2215628    .0021017
        yr16 |  -.1256009   .0525621    -2.39   0.017    -.2286208    -.022581
        yr17 |  -.0848061   .0474735    -1.79   0.074    -.1778524    .0082402
        yr18 |  -.1184029   .0462259    -2.56   0.010     -.209004   -.0278017
        yr19 |  -.0688371   .0528911    -1.30   0.193    -.1725018    .0348276
        yr20 |   .0164097   .0391585     0.42   0.675    -.0603396    .0931589
       _cons |   .3964003   1.089954     0.36   0.716    -1.739871    2.532671
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Instruments for differenced equation
        GMM-type: L(3/4).cpi_ti
        Standard: D.pctwomen D.pers_lower D.womenXpers D.fh_neg D.log_gdp
                  D.trade_impexp D.wecon D.yr7 D.yr8 D.yr9 D.yr10 D.yr11
                  D.yr12 D.yr13 D.yr14 D.yr15 D.yr16 D.yr17 D.yr18 D.yr19
                  D.yr20
Instruments for level equation
        GMM-type: L3D.cpi_ti
        Standard: _cons

. 
. qui xtdpd L(0/2).cpi_ti pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp trade_impexp wecon yr1-yr20 if exclude_new!=1, dgmm(cpi_ti, lag(3 4)
> ) lgmm(cpi_ti, lag(3)) div(pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp trade_impexp wecon yr1-yr20) vce(robust)

. estat abond, artests(4)

Dynamic panel-data estimation                   Number of obs     =        851
Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         75
Time variable: year
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =          3
                                                              avg =   11.34667
                                                              max =         14

Number of instruments =     58                  Wald chi2(21)     =    2360.17
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
One-step results
                              (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on countryid)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
      cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      cpi_ti |
         L1. |   .7438318   .1191301     6.24   0.000      .510341    .9773225
         L2. |   .2334857    .113559     2.06   0.040     .0109141    .4560572
             |
    pctwomen |   .0009869   .0083989     0.12   0.906    -.0154747    .0174485
  pers_lower |   .0173943   .0177483     0.98   0.327    -.0173918    .0521803
  womenXpers |  -.0014319    .001111    -1.29   0.197    -.0036093    .0007456
      fh_neg |   .0150565   .0619776     0.24   0.808    -.1064174    .1365304
     log_gdp |  -.0289405   .0828216    -0.35   0.727    -.1912678    .1333869
trade_impexp |   .0010274   .0015137     0.68   0.497    -.0019394    .0039942
       wecon |  -.0085166    .024206    -0.35   0.725    -.0559595    .0389263
         yr9 |  -.0504848   .0976829    -0.52   0.605    -.2419397    .1409702
        yr10 |  -.0656501   .0852326    -0.77   0.441     -.232703    .1014028
        yr11 |  -.1189235   .0990092    -1.20   0.230     -.312978     .075131
        yr12 |  -.0673958   .1071934    -0.63   0.530     -.277491    .1426994
        yr13 |  -.0758364   .0826222    -0.92   0.359     -.237773    .0861001
        yr14 |   -.044629   .0665314    -0.67   0.502    -.1750281      .08577
        yr15 |  -.1097305   .0570583    -1.92   0.054    -.2215628    .0021017
        yr16 |  -.1256009   .0525621    -2.39   0.017    -.2286208    -.022581
        yr17 |  -.0848061   .0474735    -1.79   0.074    -.1778524    .0082402
        yr18 |  -.1184029   .0462259    -2.56   0.010     -.209004   -.0278017
        yr19 |  -.0688371   .0528911    -1.30   0.193    -.1725018    .0348276
        yr20 |   .0164097   .0391585     0.42   0.675    -.0603396    .0931589
       _cons |   .3964003   1.089954     0.36   0.716    -1.739871    2.532671
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Instruments for differenced equation
        GMM-type: L(3/4).cpi_ti
        Standard: D.pctwomen D.pers_lower D.womenXpers D.fh_neg D.log_gdp
                  D.trade_impexp D.wecon D.yr7 D.yr8 D.yr9 D.yr10 D.yr11
                  D.yr12 D.yr13 D.yr14 D.yr15 D.yr16 D.yr17 D.yr18 D.yr19
                  D.yr20
Instruments for level equation
        GMM-type: L3D.cpi_ti
        Standard: _cons

Arellano-Bond test for zero autocorrelation in first-differenced errors
  +-----------------------+
  |Order |  z     Prob > z|
  |------+----------------|
  |   1  |-2.0111  0.0443 |
  |   2  |-.58548  0.5582 |
  |   3  |-2.5055  0.0122 |
  |   4  | 1.3124  0.1894 |
  +-----------------------+
   H0: no autocorrelation 

. 
. unique countryid if e(sample)
Number of unique values of countryid is  75
Number of records is  851

. tab year if e(sample)

       Year |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
       1997 |         35        4.11        4.11
       1998 |         39        4.58        8.70
       1999 |         42        4.94       13.63
       2000 |         54        6.35       19.98
       2001 |         57        6.70       26.67
       2002 |         57        6.70       33.37
       2003 |         66        7.76       41.13
       2004 |         70        8.23       49.35
       2005 |         74        8.70       58.05
       2006 |         73        8.58       66.63
       2007 |         72        8.46       75.09
       2008 |         71        8.34       83.43
       2009 |         71        8.34       91.77
       2010 |         70        8.23      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |        851      100.00

. 
. qui xtdpd L(0/2).cpi_ti pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp trade_impexp wecon yr1-yr20 if exclude_new!=1, dgmm(cpi_ti, lag(3 4)
> ) lgmm(cpi_ti, lag(3)) div(pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp trade_impexp wecon yr1-yr20) twostep

. estat sargan
Sargan test of overidentifying restrictions
        H0: overidentifying restrictions are valid

        chi2(36)     =  37.11481
        Prob > chi2  =    0.4174

. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. esttab pressfree president personalism using arbond.rtf, replace order(L.cpi_ti L2.cpi_ti pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 pres_new wo
> menXpres pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp trade_impexp wecon) keep(L.cpi_ti L2.cpi_ti pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 womenXpres 
> pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp trade_impexp wecon) mtitles("press freedom" "presidentialism" "personalism") coeflabels(L.cpi_ti "lag
>  TI CPI" L2.cpi_ti "lag (2) TI CPI" pctwomen "% women in lower house" press3_inverse "press freedom" womenXpress3 "% women * press freedom
> " pres_new "presidential system" womenXpres "% women * presidentialism" pers_lower "personalism" womenXpers "% women * personalism" fh_neg
>  "FH Freedom" log_gdp "log GDP per capita" trade_impexp "trade imbalance (% of GDP)" wecon "women's economic rights" _cons "constant") noa
> bbrev wrap gaps varwidth(25) align(r)
(output written to arbond.rtf)

. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. ********************************
. ********************************
. * combined model
. ********************************
. ********************************
. 
. * load in the data
. clear all

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. 
. ****
. * Transparency International Measure
. ****
. 
. * recode the DV
. rename cpi_ti cpi_ti_o

. gen cpi_ti = 10 - cpi_ti_o
(739 missing values generated)

. 
. ice cpi_ti pctwomen pres_new press3_inverse pers_lower fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1994, seed(123
> 456) m(50) saving(wb_imputed, replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      1,016       50.75       50.75
          1 |        228       11.39       62.14
          2 |          5        0.25       62.39
          . |        753       37.61      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
   pres_new |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
press3_in~e |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
 pers_lower |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | cpi_ti pctwomen pres_new press3_inverse pers_lower
            |         | fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp
trade_imp~p | regress | cpi_ti pctwomen pres_new press3_inverse pers_lower
            |         | fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant wecon
     cpi_ti | regress | pctwomen pres_new press3_inverse pers_lower fh_neg
            |         | log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. qui mi xeq: sort countryid year; by countryid: gen lagXwomen = l.cpi_ti * pctwomen; gen presXwomen = pres_new*pctwomen; gen pressXwomen = 
> press3_inverse*pctwomen; gen persXwomen = pers_lower*pctwomen;

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): reg cpi_ti l.cpi_ti pctwomen lagXwomen pres_new presXwomen press3_inverse pressXwomen pers_lower persXwomen fh
> _neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,176
                                                Average RVI       =     0.4064
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6643
                                                Complete DF       =       1137
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =      87.80
                                                        avg       =     392.84
                                                        max       =     823.50
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  38, 1076.4)   =     244.97
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .5815175   .0493354    11.79   0.000     .4838515    .6791836
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0287376   .0075773    -3.79   0.000    -.0436227   -.0138524
     lagXwomen |   .0051723   .0021702     2.38   0.018      .000895    .0094496
      pres_new |    .157606   .1278849     1.23   0.218    -.0936008    .4088129
    presXwomen |  -.0097877   .0075839    -1.29   0.197    -.0246813    .0051058
press3_inverse |   .0011292   .0054445     0.21   0.836    -.0095695    .0118279
   pressXwomen |  -.0002159   .0003299    -0.65   0.513    -.0008642    .0004323
    pers_lower |   .0062018    .015059     0.41   0.681    -.0233744    .0357779
    persXwomen |  -.0019249   .0008889    -2.17   0.031    -.0036704   -.0001793
        fh_neg |  -.1904693   .0632751    -3.01   0.003    -.3149631   -.0659755
       log_gdp |  -.3335149   .0483124    -6.90   0.000    -.4287405   -.2382893
pct_protestant |  -.0024026   .0013006    -1.85   0.065    -.0049563    .0001511
  trade_impexp |  -.0010961   .0007265    -1.51   0.132    -.0025227    .0003305
         wecon |  -.0024515   .0510518    -0.05   0.962    -.1028809     .097978
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.2245227    .196027    -1.15   0.255    -.6140975     .165052
         1996  |  -.0872955    .163837    -0.53   0.595    -.4112412    .2366502
         1997  |   .0368388   .1804074     0.20   0.839    -.3209555    .3946331
         1998  |  -.0669468   .1639626    -0.41   0.684    -.3912166     .257323
         1999  |  -.0837922   .1481222    -0.57   0.572    -.3759947    .2084104
         2001  |   .0927591   .1699976     0.55   0.586    -.2440519    .4295702
         2002  |   .0608431   .1462354     0.42   0.678    -.2276152    .3493014
         2003  |   .1329134   .1316086     1.01   0.313     -.125951    .3917777
         2004  |   .1582562   .1373582     1.15   0.250    -.1121584    .4286709
         2005  |   .2071138   .1346904     1.54   0.125    -.0578682    .4720959
         2006  |    .271153   .1380087     1.96   0.050    -.0004105    .5427165
         2007  |   .2514879   .1397757     1.80   0.073     -.023572    .5265478
         2008  |   .3291997   .1399381     2.35   0.019     .0539267    .6044726
         2009  |   .3277999   .1382617     2.37   0.018     .0558053    .5997945
         2010  |   .3334509   .1424263     2.34   0.020      .053147    .6137549
               |
        region |
            2  |   .2146527   .1632806     1.31   0.189     -.106107    .5354125
            3  |   .4218312   .1646354     2.56   0.011     .0984724    .7451899
            4  |   .2864102   .1638359     1.75   0.081    -.0351749    .6079953
            5  |   .2428506   .1640959     1.48   0.139    -.0793726    .5650737
            6  |   .1439675   .2041796     0.71   0.481     -.256863    .5447981
            7  |   .4196438   .1107733     3.79   0.000     .2020003    .6372873
            8  |   .4637752   .1439573     3.22   0.001     .1809247    .7466257
            9  |   .5797788   .1365211     4.25   0.000     .3114433    .8481143
           10  |   .4367658   .1467215     2.98   0.003     .1485726    .7249589
               |
         _cons |   4.378243   .5533564     7.91   0.000     3.286831    5.469655
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. eststo ti_est: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,176
                                                Average RVI       =     0.4064
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6643
                                                Complete DF       =       1137
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =      87.80
                                                        avg       =     392.84
                                                        max       =     823.50
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  38, 1076.4)   =     244.97
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .5815175   .0493354    11.79   0.000     .4838515    .6791836
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0287376   .0075773    -3.79   0.000    -.0436227   -.0138524
     lagXwomen |   .0051723   .0021702     2.38   0.018      .000895    .0094496
      pres_new |    .157606   .1278849     1.23   0.218    -.0936008    .4088129
    presXwomen |  -.0097877   .0075839    -1.29   0.197    -.0246813    .0051058
press3_inverse |   .0011292   .0054445     0.21   0.836    -.0095695    .0118279
   pressXwomen |  -.0002159   .0003299    -0.65   0.513    -.0008642    .0004323
    pers_lower |   .0062018    .015059     0.41   0.681    -.0233744    .0357779
    persXwomen |  -.0019249   .0008889    -2.17   0.031    -.0036704   -.0001793
        fh_neg |  -.1904693   .0632751    -3.01   0.003    -.3149631   -.0659755
       log_gdp |  -.3335149   .0483124    -6.90   0.000    -.4287405   -.2382893
pct_protestant |  -.0024026   .0013006    -1.85   0.065    -.0049563    .0001511
  trade_impexp |  -.0010961   .0007265    -1.51   0.132    -.0025227    .0003305
         wecon |  -.0024515   .0510518    -0.05   0.962    -.1028809     .097978
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.2245227    .196027    -1.15   0.255    -.6140975     .165052
         1996  |  -.0872955    .163837    -0.53   0.595    -.4112412    .2366502
         1997  |   .0368388   .1804074     0.20   0.839    -.3209555    .3946331
         1998  |  -.0669468   .1639626    -0.41   0.684    -.3912166     .257323
         1999  |  -.0837922   .1481222    -0.57   0.572    -.3759947    .2084104
         2001  |   .0927591   .1699976     0.55   0.586    -.2440519    .4295702
         2002  |   .0608431   .1462354     0.42   0.678    -.2276152    .3493014
         2003  |   .1329134   .1316086     1.01   0.313     -.125951    .3917777
         2004  |   .1582562   .1373582     1.15   0.250    -.1121584    .4286709
         2005  |   .2071138   .1346904     1.54   0.125    -.0578682    .4720959
         2006  |    .271153   .1380087     1.96   0.050    -.0004105    .5427165
         2007  |   .2514879   .1397757     1.80   0.073     -.023572    .5265478
         2008  |   .3291997   .1399381     2.35   0.019     .0539267    .6044726
         2009  |   .3277999   .1382617     2.37   0.018     .0558053    .5997945
         2010  |   .3334509   .1424263     2.34   0.020      .053147    .6137549
               |
        region |
            2  |   .2146527   .1632806     1.31   0.189     -.106107    .5354125
            3  |   .4218312   .1646354     2.56   0.011     .0984724    .7451899
            4  |   .2864102   .1638359     1.75   0.081    -.0351749    .6079953
            5  |   .2428506   .1640959     1.48   0.139    -.0793726    .5650737
            6  |   .1439675   .2041796     0.71   0.481     -.256863    .5447981
            7  |   .4196438   .1107733     3.79   0.000     .2020003    .6372873
            8  |   .4637752   .1439573     3.22   0.001     .1809247    .7466257
            9  |   .5797788   .1365211     4.25   0.000     .3114433    .8481143
           10  |   .4367658   .1467215     2.98   0.003     .1485726    .7249589
               |
         _cons |   4.378243   .5533564     7.91   0.000     3.286831    5.469655
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. unique countryid if used==1
Number of unique values of countryid is  76
Number of records is  58800

. 
. 
. ****
. * ICRG Corruption Measure
. ****
. 
. clear

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. * recode the DV
. rename icrg_corr icrg_corr_o

. gen icrg_corr = 6 - icrg_corr_o
(292 missing values generated)

. 
. ice icrg_corr pctwomen pres_new press3_inverse pers_lower fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1994, seed(
> 123456) m(50) saving(wb_imputed, replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      1,231       61.49       61.49
          1 |         18        0.90       62.39
          . |        753       37.61      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
  icrg_corr |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
   pres_new |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
press3_in~e |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
 pers_lower |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | icrg_corr pctwomen pres_new press3_inverse pers_lower
            |         | fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp
trade_imp~p | regress | icrg_corr pctwomen pres_new press3_inverse pers_lower
            |         | fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. qui mi xeq: sort countryid year; by countryid: gen lagXwomen = l.icrg_corr * pctwomen; gen presXwomen = pres_new*pctwomen; gen pressXwomen
>  = press3_inverse*pctwomen; gen persXwomen = pers_lower*pctwomen;

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): reg icrg_corr l.icrg_corr pctwomen lagXwomen pres_new presXwomen press3_inverse pressXwomen pers_lower persXwo
> men fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,301
                                                Average RVI       =     0.0004
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.0084
                                                Complete DF       =       1260
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =   1,245.28
                                                        avg       =   1,257.27
                                                        max       =   1,258.00
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  40, 1258.0)   =     435.42
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     icrg_corr |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     icrg_corr |
           L1. |   .8132898   .0213029    38.18   0.000     .7714968    .8550829
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0085167   .0031718    -2.69   0.007    -.0147393    -.002294
     lagXwomen |   .0025603   .0010483     2.44   0.015     .0005036     .004617
      pres_new |  -.0777213   .0517933    -1.50   0.134    -.1793321    .0238896
    presXwomen |   .0036783   .0031985     1.15   0.250    -.0025966    .0099532
press3_inverse |   .0018494   .0019934     0.93   0.354    -.0020613    .0057601
   pressXwomen |   8.78e-06   .0001129     0.08   0.938    -.0002128    .0002303
    pers_lower |   .0145893    .006331     2.30   0.021     .0021689    .0270097
    persXwomen |  -.0010124   .0003861    -2.62   0.009    -.0017698    -.000255
        fh_neg |  -.0786673   .0239176    -3.29   0.001    -.1255901   -.0317445
       log_gdp |  -.0336343   .0153541    -2.19   0.029    -.0637568   -.0035118
pct_protestant |  -.0006803    .000566    -1.20   0.230    -.0017906      .00043
  trade_impexp |   .0002631   .0003154     0.83   0.404    -.0003557     .000882
         wecon |   .0574388   .0204694     2.81   0.005     .0172806    .0975971
               |
          year |
         1993  |  -.2559396   .0601121    -4.26   0.000    -.3738707   -.1380085
         1994  |  -.1452339   .0589325    -2.46   0.014    -.2608508   -.0296171
         1995  |  -.0869287   .0578468    -1.50   0.133    -.2004155    .0265582
         1996  |  -.1146643   .0575744    -1.99   0.047    -.2276167   -.0017118
         1997  |  -.0054737   .0571913    -0.10   0.924    -.1176747    .1067272
         1998  |  -.0210209   .0569913    -0.37   0.712    -.1328295    .0907876
         1999  |   .0148729   .0568134     0.26   0.794    -.0965866    .1263325
         2001  |   .0779734   .0555441     1.40   0.161    -.0309959    .1869427
         2002  |   .4795813   .0556581     8.62   0.000     .3703884    .5887742
         2003  |   .0180081   .0568208     0.32   0.751    -.0934659    .1294822
         2004  |   .0825239   .0570261     1.45   0.148    -.0293528    .1944005
         2005  |  -.0057785   .0575011    -0.10   0.920    -.1185871      .10703
         2006  |   .1219322   .0580545     2.10   0.036     .0080379    .2358265
         2007  |   .0660294   .0587451     1.12   0.261    -.0492199    .1812786
         2008  |   .0619892   .0595346     1.04   0.298    -.0548089    .1787872
         2009  |   .0310178   .0589967     0.53   0.599     -.084725    .1467607
         2010  |   -.004953   .0594417    -0.08   0.934    -.1215687    .1116628
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0949017    .068033    -1.39   0.163    -.2283724    .0385689
            3  |  -.0405945   .0695194    -0.58   0.559    -.1769812    .0957923
            4  |  -.0440297   .0733299    -0.60   0.548    -.1878923    .0998328
            5  |  -.0525864   .0706103    -0.74   0.457    -.1911133    .0859405
            6  |  -.0111807   .0898729    -0.12   0.901    -.1874979    .1651365
            7  |   .0324136   .0470274     0.69   0.491    -.0598472    .1246744
            8  |  -.0418159   .0593168    -0.70   0.481    -.1581866    .0745548
            9  |   .0573942   .0549906     1.04   0.297    -.0504892    .1652775
           10  |  -.0626663   .0622539    -1.01   0.314    -.1847993    .0594667
               |
         _cons |    .673308     .16611     4.05   0.000     .3474246    .9991913
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. eststo icrg_est: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,301
                                                Average RVI       =     0.0004
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.0084
                                                Complete DF       =       1260
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =   1,245.28
                                                        avg       =   1,257.27
                                                        max       =   1,258.00
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  40, 1258.0)   =     435.42
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     icrg_corr |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     icrg_corr |
           L1. |   .8132898   .0213029    38.18   0.000     .7714968    .8550829
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0085167   .0031718    -2.69   0.007    -.0147393    -.002294
     lagXwomen |   .0025603   .0010483     2.44   0.015     .0005036     .004617
      pres_new |  -.0777213   .0517933    -1.50   0.134    -.1793321    .0238896
    presXwomen |   .0036783   .0031985     1.15   0.250    -.0025966    .0099532
press3_inverse |   .0018494   .0019934     0.93   0.354    -.0020613    .0057601
   pressXwomen |   8.78e-06   .0001129     0.08   0.938    -.0002128    .0002303
    pers_lower |   .0145893    .006331     2.30   0.021     .0021689    .0270097
    persXwomen |  -.0010124   .0003861    -2.62   0.009    -.0017698    -.000255
        fh_neg |  -.0786673   .0239176    -3.29   0.001    -.1255901   -.0317445
       log_gdp |  -.0336343   .0153541    -2.19   0.029    -.0637568   -.0035118
pct_protestant |  -.0006803    .000566    -1.20   0.230    -.0017906      .00043
  trade_impexp |   .0002631   .0003154     0.83   0.404    -.0003557     .000882
         wecon |   .0574388   .0204694     2.81   0.005     .0172806    .0975971
               |
          year |
         1993  |  -.2559396   .0601121    -4.26   0.000    -.3738707   -.1380085
         1994  |  -.1452339   .0589325    -2.46   0.014    -.2608508   -.0296171
         1995  |  -.0869287   .0578468    -1.50   0.133    -.2004155    .0265582
         1996  |  -.1146643   .0575744    -1.99   0.047    -.2276167   -.0017118
         1997  |  -.0054737   .0571913    -0.10   0.924    -.1176747    .1067272
         1998  |  -.0210209   .0569913    -0.37   0.712    -.1328295    .0907876
         1999  |   .0148729   .0568134     0.26   0.794    -.0965866    .1263325
         2001  |   .0779734   .0555441     1.40   0.161    -.0309959    .1869427
         2002  |   .4795813   .0556581     8.62   0.000     .3703884    .5887742
         2003  |   .0180081   .0568208     0.32   0.751    -.0934659    .1294822
         2004  |   .0825239   .0570261     1.45   0.148    -.0293528    .1944005
         2005  |  -.0057785   .0575011    -0.10   0.920    -.1185871      .10703
         2006  |   .1219322   .0580545     2.10   0.036     .0080379    .2358265
         2007  |   .0660294   .0587451     1.12   0.261    -.0492199    .1812786
         2008  |   .0619892   .0595346     1.04   0.298    -.0548089    .1787872
         2009  |   .0310178   .0589967     0.53   0.599     -.084725    .1467607
         2010  |   -.004953   .0594417    -0.08   0.934    -.1215687    .1116628
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0949017    .068033    -1.39   0.163    -.2283724    .0385689
            3  |  -.0405945   .0695194    -0.58   0.559    -.1769812    .0957923
            4  |  -.0440297   .0733299    -0.60   0.548    -.1878923    .0998328
            5  |  -.0525864   .0706103    -0.74   0.457    -.1911133    .0859405
            6  |  -.0111807   .0898729    -0.12   0.901    -.1874979    .1651365
            7  |   .0324136   .0470274     0.69   0.491    -.0598472    .1246744
            8  |  -.0418159   .0593168    -0.70   0.481    -.1581866    .0745548
            9  |   .0573942   .0549906     1.04   0.297    -.0504892    .1652775
           10  |  -.0626663   .0622539    -1.01   0.314    -.1847993    .0594667
               |
         _cons |    .673308     .16611     4.05   0.000     .3474246    .9991913
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. unique countryid if used==1
Number of unique values of countryid is  76
Number of records is  65050

. 
. ****
. * World Bank Governance Indicator Measure
. ****
. clear

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. * recode the DV
. rename wb_corr wb_corr_o

. gen wb_corr = 2.6 - wb_corr_o
(816 missing values generated)

. 
. ice wb_corr pctwomen pres_new press3_inverse pers_lower fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1994, seed(12
> 3456) m(50) saving(wb_imputed, replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |        877       43.81       43.81
          1 |        366       18.28       62.09
          2 |          6        0.30       62.39
          . |        753       37.61      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
   pres_new |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
press3_in~e |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
 pers_lower |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | wb_corr pctwomen pres_new press3_inverse pers_lower
            |         | fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp
trade_imp~p | regress | wb_corr pctwomen pres_new press3_inverse pers_lower
            |         | fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant wecon
    wb_corr | regress | pctwomen pres_new press3_inverse pers_lower fh_neg
            |         | log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. qui mi xeq: sort countryid year; by countryid: gen lagXwomen = l.wb_corr * pctwomen; gen presXwomen = pres_new*pctwomen; gen pressXwomen =
>  press3_inverse*pctwomen; gen persXwomen = pers_lower*pctwomen;

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): reg wb_corr l.wb_corr pctwomen lagXwomen pres_new presXwomen press3_inverse pressXwomen pers_lower persXwomen 
> fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,178
                                                Average RVI       =     0.4393
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6188
                                                Complete DF       =       1139
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     100.91
                                                        avg       =     530.19
                                                        max       =     876.69
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  38, 1073.2)   =     134.71
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       wb_corr |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       wb_corr |
           L1. |   .2545607   .0624399     4.08   0.000     .1310275    .3780938
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0157174   .0042661    -3.68   0.000    -.0240961   -.0073388
     lagXwomen |   .0046514   .0027693     1.68   0.095    -.0008109    .0101138
      pres_new |  -.0014886   .0745959    -0.02   0.984    -.1481058    .1451287
    presXwomen |  -.0021805   .0043893    -0.50   0.620    -.0108052    .0064442
press3_inverse |  -.0031109   .0031609    -0.98   0.326    -.0093242    .0031024
   pressXwomen |  -.0001931   .0001892    -1.02   0.308    -.0005648    .0001787
    pers_lower |    .011251   .0089986     1.25   0.212    -.0064345    .0289364
    persXwomen |  -.0015743   .0005129    -3.07   0.002    -.0025816    -.000567
        fh_neg |  -.1420898   .0359917    -3.95   0.000    -.2128716   -.0713079
       log_gdp |  -.2844177   .0277464   -10.25   0.000    -.3391061   -.2297294
pct_protestant |  -.0018354   .0007343    -2.50   0.013    -.0032772   -.0003935
  trade_impexp |   .0000791   .0004128     0.19   0.848    -.0007314    .0008896
         wecon |  -.0213534   .0287212    -0.74   0.458    -.0778275    .0351207
               |
          year |
         1995  |   .1563396   .1040926     1.50   0.136     -.050055    .3627341
         1996  |  -.0834449   .0704977    -1.18   0.237    -.2218462    .0549563
         1997  |   .2747369   .1036751     2.65   0.009     .0691682    .4803056
         1998  |  -.0679992   .0704225    -0.97   0.335    -.2062646    .0702663
         1999  |   .2398115   .1031138     2.33   0.022     .0352591    .4443638
         2001  |   .2424671   .1003662     2.42   0.017     .0434898    .4414444
         2002  |    .092899   .0687647     1.35   0.177    -.0421125    .2279104
         2003  |   .1370249   .0669886     2.05   0.041     .0055482    .2685017
         2004  |   .2060717   .0673351     3.06   0.002     .0739141    .3382292
         2005  |   .2651114    .067993     3.90   0.000     .1316583    .3985645
         2006  |   .2734116    .069548     3.93   0.000     .1368981    .4099251
         2007  |   .3358606   .0696525     4.82   0.000     .1991492     .472572
         2008  |   .3485173   .0717633     4.86   0.000      .207647    .4893876
         2009  |   .3480516   .0702061     4.96   0.000     .2102524    .4858508
         2010  |   .3622546   .0710959     5.10   0.000     .2227069    .5018023
               |
        region |
            2  |   .0425679   .0927522     0.46   0.646    -.1396193    .2247551
            3  |   .3137938   .0939944     3.34   0.001     .1291915    .4983962
            4  |   .1660576   .0973707     1.71   0.089    -.0251599    .3572751
            5  |   .2848373   .0961051     2.96   0.003     .0960914    .4735833
            6  |    .259088   .1224843     2.12   0.035     .0184868    .4996892
            7  |   .3863084   .0619688     6.23   0.000     .2646349    .5079818
            8  |   .4464255   .0830101     5.38   0.000     .2833397    .6095113
            9  |   .4283656   .0754425     5.68   0.000     .2801807    .5765505
           10  |    .304547   .0848649     3.59   0.000     .1378317    .4712624
               |
         _cons |   3.390748   .3155951    10.74   0.000     2.768017    4.013479
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. eststo wbgi_est: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,178
                                                Average RVI       =     0.4393
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6188
                                                Complete DF       =       1139
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     100.91
                                                        avg       =     530.19
                                                        max       =     876.69
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  38, 1073.2)   =     134.71
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       wb_corr |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       wb_corr |
           L1. |   .2545607   .0624399     4.08   0.000     .1310275    .3780938
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0157174   .0042661    -3.68   0.000    -.0240961   -.0073388
     lagXwomen |   .0046514   .0027693     1.68   0.095    -.0008109    .0101138
      pres_new |  -.0014886   .0745959    -0.02   0.984    -.1481058    .1451287
    presXwomen |  -.0021805   .0043893    -0.50   0.620    -.0108052    .0064442
press3_inverse |  -.0031109   .0031609    -0.98   0.326    -.0093242    .0031024
   pressXwomen |  -.0001931   .0001892    -1.02   0.308    -.0005648    .0001787
    pers_lower |    .011251   .0089986     1.25   0.212    -.0064345    .0289364
    persXwomen |  -.0015743   .0005129    -3.07   0.002    -.0025816    -.000567
        fh_neg |  -.1420898   .0359917    -3.95   0.000    -.2128716   -.0713079
       log_gdp |  -.2844177   .0277464   -10.25   0.000    -.3391061   -.2297294
pct_protestant |  -.0018354   .0007343    -2.50   0.013    -.0032772   -.0003935
  trade_impexp |   .0000791   .0004128     0.19   0.848    -.0007314    .0008896
         wecon |  -.0213534   .0287212    -0.74   0.458    -.0778275    .0351207
               |
          year |
         1995  |   .1563396   .1040926     1.50   0.136     -.050055    .3627341
         1996  |  -.0834449   .0704977    -1.18   0.237    -.2218462    .0549563
         1997  |   .2747369   .1036751     2.65   0.009     .0691682    .4803056
         1998  |  -.0679992   .0704225    -0.97   0.335    -.2062646    .0702663
         1999  |   .2398115   .1031138     2.33   0.022     .0352591    .4443638
         2001  |   .2424671   .1003662     2.42   0.017     .0434898    .4414444
         2002  |    .092899   .0687647     1.35   0.177    -.0421125    .2279104
         2003  |   .1370249   .0669886     2.05   0.041     .0055482    .2685017
         2004  |   .2060717   .0673351     3.06   0.002     .0739141    .3382292
         2005  |   .2651114    .067993     3.90   0.000     .1316583    .3985645
         2006  |   .2734116    .069548     3.93   0.000     .1368981    .4099251
         2007  |   .3358606   .0696525     4.82   0.000     .1991492     .472572
         2008  |   .3485173   .0717633     4.86   0.000      .207647    .4893876
         2009  |   .3480516   .0702061     4.96   0.000     .2102524    .4858508
         2010  |   .3622546   .0710959     5.10   0.000     .2227069    .5018023
               |
        region |
            2  |   .0425679   .0927522     0.46   0.646    -.1396193    .2247551
            3  |   .3137938   .0939944     3.34   0.001     .1291915    .4983962
            4  |   .1660576   .0973707     1.71   0.089    -.0251599    .3572751
            5  |   .2848373   .0961051     2.96   0.003     .0960914    .4735833
            6  |    .259088   .1224843     2.12   0.035     .0184868    .4996892
            7  |   .3863084   .0619688     6.23   0.000     .2646349    .5079818
            8  |   .4464255   .0830101     5.38   0.000     .2833397    .6095113
            9  |   .4283656   .0754425     5.68   0.000     .2801807    .5765505
           10  |    .304547   .0848649     3.59   0.000     .1378317    .4712624
               |
         _cons |   3.390748   .3155951    10.74   0.000     2.768017    4.013479
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. unique countryid if used==1
Number of unique values of countryid is  76
Number of records is  58900

. 
. esttab ti_est icrg_est wbgi_est using combined.rtf, replace order(L.cpi_ti L.icrg_corr L.wb_corr pctwomen lagXwomen pres_new presXwomen pr
> ess3_inverse pressXwomen pers_lower persXwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon) keep(L.cpi_ti L.icrg_corr L.wb_corr pctwo
> men lagXwomen pres_new presXwomen press3_inverse pressXwomen pers_lower persXwomen) mtitles("TI CPI" "ICRG" "WBGI") coeflabels(L.cpi_ti "l
> ag TI CPI" L.icrg_corr "lag ICRG" L.wb_corr "lag WBGI" pctwomen "% women in lower house" lagXwomen "% women * lag DV" pres_new "presidenti
> al system" presXwomen "% women * presidentialism"  press3_inverse "press freedom" pressXwomen "% women * press freedom" pers_lower "person
> alism" persXwomen "%women * personalism" fh_neg "FH Freedom" log_gdp "log GDP per capita" pct_protestant "% protestant" trade_impexp "trad
> e imbalance (% of GDP)" wecon "women's economic rights" _cons "constant") noabbrev wrap gaps varwidth(25) align(r)
(output written to combined.rtf)

. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. *********************************************************
. *********************************************************
. * study alternative measures of corruption
. * (reviewer-mandated additions)
. *********************************************************
. *********************************************************
. 
. * personalist vs. party-centered systems
. 
. * global corruption barometer scores from the QoG
. clear all 

. set more off

. use qog_std_ts_jan15.dta
(Quality of Government Standard dataset 2015 - Time-Series)

. recode ccodecow .=999 if cname=="Serbia"
(ccodecow: 69 changes made)

. gen scode = ccodecow
(690 missing values generated)

. drop if scode == .
(690 observations deleted)

. drop if year == .
(0 observations deleted)

. tsset scode year
       panel variable:  scode (strongly balanced)
        time variable:  year, 1946 to 2014
                delta:  1 unit

. sort scode year

. save "qog_std_ts_jan15_merge.dta", replace
file qog_std_ts_jan15_merge.dta saved

. 
. * Contract intensive money scores from Mark Souva
. clear 

. use "cimmark variable June 2011.dta"

. gen scode = cowcode

. sort scode year

. save "CIM-souva.dta", replace
file CIM-souva.dta saved

. 
. * add COW codes to the Schwindt-Bayer/Tavits Data Set
. clear 

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. gen sname = country

. qui do "Name_to_COW.do"

. 
. * merge in the QoG GCB scores
. sort scode year

. merge 1:1 scode year using "qog_std_ts_jan15_merge.dta", keepusing(gcb_bj gcb_bper gcb_bpol)

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                        11,867
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                     11,867  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(11,867 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * merge in Heritage Foundation Women's Economic Rights scores
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * merge in the contract intensive money score
. merge 1:1 scode year using "CIM-souva.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                         9,192
        from master                       228  (_merge==1)
        from using                      8,964  (_merge==2)

    matched                             1,774  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(8,964 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset scode year
       panel variable:  scode (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. * recode the DV
. rename cpi_ti cpi_ti_o

. gen cpi_ti = 10 - cpi_ti_o
(739 missing values generated)

. gen cimmark_inv = 1-cimmark
(407 missing values generated)

. 
. 
. twoway (scatter gcb_bj cpi_ti) (qfit gcb_bj cpi_ti) if exclude_new!=1, title("TI CPI and GCB Legal/Judicial Bribery") xtitle("TI Corruptio
> n Perception Index") ytitle("Prop. of Respondents Paying Bribe") legend(label(1 "Proportion Paying Bribe") label(2 "Quadratic Fit")) schem
> e(s2mono)

. graph export ti-gcb_bj.emf, replace
(file C:\Users\justi\Desktop\replication file\ti-gcb_bj.emf written in Enhanced Metafile format)

. qui reg gcb_bj cpi_ti if exclude_new!=1

. tab year if e(sample)

       Year |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
       2006 |         41       25.31       25.31
       2007 |         35       21.60       46.91
       2009 |         38       23.46       70.37
       2010 |         48       29.63      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |        162      100.00

. twoway (scatter gcb_bper cpi_ti) (qfit gcb_bper cpi_ti) if exclude_new!=1, title("TI CPI and GCB Registry/Permit Bribery") xtitle("TI Corr
> uption Perception Index") ytitle("Proportion Paying Bribe") legend(label(1 "Proportion Paying Bribe") label(2 "Quadratic Fit") ) scheme(s2
> mono)

. graph export ti-gcb_bper.emf, replace
(file C:\Users\justi\Desktop\replication file\ti-gcb_bper.emf written in Enhanced Metafile format)

. twoway (scatter gcb_bpol cpi_ti) (qfit gcb_bpol cpi_ti) if exclude_new!=1, title("TI CPI and GCB Police Bribery") xtitle("TI Corruption Pe
> rception Index") ytitle("Proportion Paying Bribe") legend(label(1 "Proportion Paying Bribe") label(2 "Quadratic Fit") ) scheme(s2mono)

. graph export ti-gcb_bpol.emf, replace
(file C:\Users\justi\Desktop\replication file\ti-gcb_bpol.emf written in Enhanced Metafile format)

. twoway (scatter cimmark_inv cpi_ti) (qfit cimmark_inv cpi_ti) if exclude_new!=1, title("TI CPI and Contract-intensive Money") xtitle("TI C
> orruption Perception Index") ytitle("1 - Prop. of Contract-intensive Money") legend(label(1 "1 - CIM") label(2 "Quadratic Fit") ) scheme(s
> 2mono)

. graph export ti-cim.emf, replace
(file C:\Users\justi\Desktop\replication file\ti-cim.emf written in Enhanced Metafile format)

. 
. reg cimmark_inv cpi_ti if exclude_new!=1

      Source |       SS           df       MS      Number of obs   =       748
-------------+----------------------------------   F(1, 746)       =    191.96
       Model |  .975396493         1  .975396493   Prob > F        =    0.0000
    Residual |  3.79062024       746   .00508126   R-squared       =    0.2047
-------------+----------------------------------   Adj R-squared   =    0.2036
       Total |  4.76601673       747   .00638021   Root MSE        =    .07128

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 cimmark_inv |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      cpi_ti |   .0156336   .0011284    13.85   0.000     .0134184    .0178487
       _cons |   .0271923   .0063065     4.31   0.000     .0148117    .0395729
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. tab year if e(sample)

       Year |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
       1995 |         34        4.55        4.55
       1996 |         40        5.35        9.89
       1997 |         41        5.48       15.37
       1998 |         53        7.09       22.46
       1999 |         56        7.49       29.95
       2000 |         47        6.28       36.23
       2001 |         54        7.22       43.45
       2002 |         58        7.75       51.20
       2003 |         62        8.29       59.49
       2004 |         63        8.42       67.91
       2005 |         64        8.56       76.47
       2006 |         62        8.29       84.76
       2007 |         58        7.75       92.51
       2008 |         56        7.49      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |        748      100.00

. 
. * relationship between CIM and CPI with controls
. eststo cimcpi: reg cimmark_inv cpi_ti fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon  if exclude_new!=1

      Source |       SS           df       MS      Number of obs   =       739
-------------+----------------------------------   F(6, 732)       =     60.42
       Model |  1.55985565         6  .259975942   Prob > F        =    0.0000
    Residual |  3.14989629       732  .004303137   R-squared       =    0.3312
-------------+----------------------------------   Adj R-squared   =    0.3257
       Total |  4.70975195       738  .006381778   Root MSE        =     .0656

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   cimmark_inv |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |   .0063853    .002185     2.92   0.004     .0020957    .0106749
        fh_neg |   .0249576   .0034427     7.25   0.000     .0181988    .0317165
       log_gdp |  -.0330144   .0032282   -10.23   0.000    -.0393519   -.0266768
pct_protestant |  -.0002229   .0001106    -2.02   0.044      -.00044   -5.84e-06
  trade_impexp |   .0002124    .000066     3.22   0.001     .0000828    .0003419
         wecon |   .0020724   .0047542     0.44   0.663    -.0072612    .0114059
         _cons |   .3959581   .0385608    10.27   0.000     .3202552     .471661
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. esttab cimcpi using cim_cpi.rtf, replace order(cpi_ti cpi_ti_sq fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon) mtitles("(1 - CIM)") coe
> flabels(cpi_ti "TI CPI" cpi_ti_sq "TI CPI Squared" fh_neg "FH Freedom" log_gdp "log GDP per capita" pct_protestant "% protestant" trade_im
> pexp "trade imbalance (% of GDP)" wecon "women's economic rights" _cons "constant") noabbrev wrap gaps varwidth(25) align(r)
(output written to cim_cpi.rtf)

. 
. * create interaction variable
. gen womenXpers=pctwomen*pers_lower
(45 missing values generated)

. 
. * scatterplots by personalism level
. twoway (scatter cimmark_inv pctwomen if pers_lower<=6 & pers_lower!=. & exclude_new!=1) (lfit cimmark_inv pctwomen if pers_lower<=6 & pers
> _lower!=. & exclude_new!=1), title("Low Personalism") xtitle("% Women in Lower House") ytitle("1 - Prop. of Contract-intensive Money") leg
> end(label(1 "1 - CIM") label(2 "Linear Fit")) ylabel(0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5) scheme(s2mono)

. graph export cim-pers-lo.emf, replace
(file C:\Users\justi\Desktop\replication file\cim-pers-lo.emf written in Enhanced Metafile format)

. twoway (scatter cimmark_inv pctwomen if pers_lower>6 & pers_lower!=. & exclude_new!=1) (lfit cimmark_inv pctwomen if pers_lower>6 & pers_l
> ower!=. & exclude_new!=1), title("High Personalism") xtitle("% Women in Lower House") ytitle("1 - Prop. of Contract-intensive Money") lege
> nd(label(1 "1 - CIM") label(2 "Linear Fit")) ylabel(0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5) scheme(s2mono)

. graph export cim-pers-hi.emf, replace
(file C:\Users\justi\Desktop\replication file\cim-pers-hi.emf written in Enhanced Metafile format)

. 
. * are the slopes different?
. gen persdum = pers_lower > 6

. replace persdum = . if pers_lower==.
(36 real changes made, 36 to missing)

. gen womenXpersdum = pctwomen*persdum
(45 missing values generated)

. eststo personalism_bas: reg cimmark_inv pctwomen persdum womenXpersdum if exclude_new!=1

      Source |       SS           df       MS      Number of obs   =     1,183
-------------+----------------------------------   F(3, 1179)      =     29.69
       Model |  .546719998         3  .182239999   Prob > F        =    0.0000
    Residual |  7.23773629     1,179  .006138877   R-squared       =    0.0702
-------------+----------------------------------   Adj R-squared   =    0.0679
       Total |  7.78445629     1,182  .006585834   Root MSE        =    .07835

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  cimmark_inv |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
--------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     pctwomen |  -.0018864   .0002849    -6.62   0.000    -.0024454   -.0013275
      persdum |  -.0017694   .0092172    -0.19   0.848    -.0198534    .0163147
womenXpersdum |  -.0015936   .0006306    -2.53   0.012    -.0028307   -.0003564
        _cons |   .1490614   .0053345    27.94   0.000     .1385952    .1595277
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. unique countryid if e(sample)
Number of unique values of countryid is  75
Number of records is  1183

. tab year if e(sample)

       Year |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
       1990 |         50        4.23        4.23
       1991 |         55        4.65        8.88
       1992 |         57        4.82       13.69
       1993 |         62        5.24       18.93
       1994 |         67        5.66       24.60
       1995 |         67        5.66       30.26
       1996 |         68        5.75       36.01
       1997 |         68        5.75       41.76
       1998 |         64        5.41       47.17
       1999 |         64        5.41       52.58
       2000 |         64        5.41       57.99
       2001 |         64        5.41       63.40
       2002 |         64        5.41       68.81
       2003 |         64        5.41       74.22
       2004 |         64        5.41       79.63
       2005 |         64        5.41       85.04
       2006 |         63        5.33       90.36
       2007 |         58        4.90       95.27
       2008 |         56        4.73      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      1,183      100.00

. 
. ice cimmark_inv pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1 & year<=2008, passive(womenXpe
> rs: pctwomen*pers_lower) seed(123456) m(50) saving(wb_imputed, replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      1,167       58.29       58.29
          1 |        176        8.79       67.08
          2 |          3        0.15       67.23
          3 |          2        0.10       67.33
          . |        654       32.67      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
 pers_lower | regress | cimmark_inv pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant
            |         | trade_impexp wecon
 womenXpers |         | [Passively imputed from pctwomen*pers_lower]
trade_imp~p | regress | cimmark_inv pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg
            |         | log_gdp pct_protestant wecon
      wecon | mlogit  | cimmark_inv pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg
            |         | log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp
cimmark_inv | regress | pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. mi stset, clear

. mi fvset base 2000 year

. 
. mi estimate, esample(used): reg cimmark_inv l.cimmark_inv pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year
>  i.region if exclude_new!=1 & year<=2008

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,276
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3658
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.5565
                                                Complete DF       =       1240
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     125.42
                                                        avg       =     579.94
                                                        max       =   1,155.77
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  35, 1173.1)   =     122.14
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   cimmark_inv |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   cimmark_inv |
           L1. |   .7950001   .0244105    32.57   0.000     .7466902    .8433099
               |
      pctwomen |   .0002435   .0002112     1.15   0.249    -.0001712    .0006582
    pers_lower |   .0004893   .0006273     0.78   0.436    -.0007417    .0017204
    womenXpers |  -4.60e-06   .0000403    -0.11   0.909    -.0000836    .0000744
        fh_neg |   .0004143   .0016939     0.24   0.807    -.0029097    .0037384
       log_gdp |  -.0093016   .0018485    -5.03   0.000     -.012935   -.0056682
pct_protestant |  -.0001409   .0000535    -2.63   0.009     -.000246   -.0000359
  trade_impexp |  -.0000254   .0000331    -0.77   0.443    -.0000905    .0000396
         wecon |    .000931    .002317     0.40   0.688      -.00362    .0054821
               |
          year |
         1991  |   .0028887   .0072506     0.40   0.691    -.0113674    .0171449
         1992  |    .004884   .0069142     0.71   0.480    -.0087041    .0184721
         1993  |   .0052809   .0070173     0.75   0.452    -.0085187    .0190805
         1994  |   .0113295   .0068481     1.65   0.099    -.0021351    .0247942
         1995  |   .0077053    .006543     1.18   0.240    -.0051512    .0205618
         1996  |   .0019534   .0065139     0.30   0.764    -.0108449    .0147517
         1997  |   .0079973   .0065325     1.22   0.221    -.0048398    .0208345
         1998  |   .0047673   .0066532     0.72   0.474     -.008312    .0178466
         1999  |   .0143408   .0075307     1.90   0.058    -.0005186    .0292001
         2001  |   .0037482   .0075247     0.50   0.619    -.0111007     .018597
         2002  |   .0073013   .0076586     0.95   0.342    -.0078189    .0224215
         2003  |   .0064311   .0068049     0.95   0.345    -.0069609    .0198232
         2004  |   .0048382   .0070251     0.69   0.492    -.0089977    .0186741
         2005  |    .009108   .0072168     1.26   0.208    -.0051145    .0233306
         2006  |   .0071858   .0071659     1.00   0.317    -.0069296    .0213012
         2007  |   .0078265   .0078644     1.00   0.321    -.0077024    .0233554
         2008  |    .008102    .008382     0.97   0.335    -.0084736    .0246776
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0099403   .0062855    -1.58   0.114    -.0222726     .002392
            3  |   .0084063   .0069206     1.21   0.225    -.0051742    .0219869
            4  |  -.0093796   .0075902    -1.24   0.217     -.024279    .0055199
            5  |  -.0010999   .0065182    -0.17   0.866    -.0138891    .0116893
            6  |  -.0011142   .0082521    -0.14   0.893    -.0173053     .015077
            7  |   .0014138   .0045283     0.31   0.755    -.0074717    .0102992
            8  |   .0048855     .00593     0.82   0.410    -.0067506    .0165216
            9  |   .0151716   .0055847     2.72   0.007     .0042055    .0261376
           10  |   .0118602   .0060546     1.96   0.050    -.0000222    .0237426
               |
         _cons |   .0867052   .0186344     4.65   0.000     .0500765    .1233338
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. eststo personalism_est: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,276
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3658
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.5565
                                                Complete DF       =       1240
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     125.42
                                                        avg       =     579.94
                                                        max       =   1,155.77
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  35, 1173.1)   =     122.14
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   cimmark_inv |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   cimmark_inv |
           L1. |   .7950001   .0244105    32.57   0.000     .7466902    .8433099
               |
      pctwomen |   .0002435   .0002112     1.15   0.249    -.0001712    .0006582
    pers_lower |   .0004893   .0006273     0.78   0.436    -.0007417    .0017204
    womenXpers |  -4.60e-06   .0000403    -0.11   0.909    -.0000836    .0000744
        fh_neg |   .0004143   .0016939     0.24   0.807    -.0029097    .0037384
       log_gdp |  -.0093016   .0018485    -5.03   0.000     -.012935   -.0056682
pct_protestant |  -.0001409   .0000535    -2.63   0.009     -.000246   -.0000359
  trade_impexp |  -.0000254   .0000331    -0.77   0.443    -.0000905    .0000396
         wecon |    .000931    .002317     0.40   0.688      -.00362    .0054821
               |
          year |
         1991  |   .0028887   .0072506     0.40   0.691    -.0113674    .0171449
         1992  |    .004884   .0069142     0.71   0.480    -.0087041    .0184721
         1993  |   .0052809   .0070173     0.75   0.452    -.0085187    .0190805
         1994  |   .0113295   .0068481     1.65   0.099    -.0021351    .0247942
         1995  |   .0077053    .006543     1.18   0.240    -.0051512    .0205618
         1996  |   .0019534   .0065139     0.30   0.764    -.0108449    .0147517
         1997  |   .0079973   .0065325     1.22   0.221    -.0048398    .0208345
         1998  |   .0047673   .0066532     0.72   0.474     -.008312    .0178466
         1999  |   .0143408   .0075307     1.90   0.058    -.0005186    .0292001
         2001  |   .0037482   .0075247     0.50   0.619    -.0111007     .018597
         2002  |   .0073013   .0076586     0.95   0.342    -.0078189    .0224215
         2003  |   .0064311   .0068049     0.95   0.345    -.0069609    .0198232
         2004  |   .0048382   .0070251     0.69   0.492    -.0089977    .0186741
         2005  |    .009108   .0072168     1.26   0.208    -.0051145    .0233306
         2006  |   .0071858   .0071659     1.00   0.317    -.0069296    .0213012
         2007  |   .0078265   .0078644     1.00   0.321    -.0077024    .0233554
         2008  |    .008102    .008382     0.97   0.335    -.0084736    .0246776
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0099403   .0062855    -1.58   0.114    -.0222726     .002392
            3  |   .0084063   .0069206     1.21   0.225    -.0051742    .0219869
            4  |  -.0093796   .0075902    -1.24   0.217     -.024279    .0055199
            5  |  -.0010999   .0065182    -0.17   0.866    -.0138891    .0116893
            6  |  -.0011142   .0082521    -0.14   0.893    -.0173053     .015077
            7  |   .0014138   .0045283     0.31   0.755    -.0074717    .0102992
            8  |   .0048855     .00593     0.82   0.410    -.0067506    .0165216
            9  |   .0151716   .0055847     2.72   0.007     .0042055    .0261376
           10  |   .0118602   .0060546     1.96   0.050    -.0000222    .0237426
               |
         _cons |   .0867052   .0186344     4.65   0.000     .0500765    .1233338
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. unique country if used==1
Number of unique values of country is  76
Number of records is  63800

. 
. 
. * presidential vs. parliamentary systems 
. 
. * global corruption barometer scores from the QoG
. clear

. set more off

. use qog_std_ts_jan15.dta
(Quality of Government Standard dataset 2015 - Time-Series)

. recode ccodecow .=999 if cname=="Serbia"
(ccodecow: 69 changes made)

. gen scode = ccodecow
(690 missing values generated)

. drop if scode == .
(690 observations deleted)

. drop if year == .
(0 observations deleted)

. tsset scode year
       panel variable:  scode (strongly balanced)
        time variable:  year, 1946 to 2014
                delta:  1 unit

. sort scode year

. save "qog_std_ts_jan15_merge.dta", replace
file qog_std_ts_jan15_merge.dta saved

. 
. * Contract intensive money scores from Mark Souva
. clear 

. use "cimmark variable June 2011.dta"

. gen scode = cowcode

. sort scode year

. save "CIM-souva.dta", replace
file CIM-souva.dta saved

. 
. * add COW codes to the Schwindt-Bayer/Tavits Data Set
. clear 

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. gen sname = country

. qui do "Name_to_COW.do"

. 
. * merge in the QoG GCB scores
. sort scode year

. merge 1:1 scode year using "qog_std_ts_jan15_merge.dta", keepusing(gcb_bj gcb_bper gcb_bpol)

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                        11,867
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                     11,867  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(11,867 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * merge in Heritage Foundation Women's Economic Rights scores
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * merge in the contract intensive money score
. merge 1:1 scode year using "CIM-souva.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                         9,192
        from master                       228  (_merge==1)
        from using                      8,964  (_merge==2)

    matched                             1,774  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(8,964 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset scode year
       panel variable:  scode (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. * recode the DV
. rename icrg_corr icrg_corr_o

. gen icrg_corr = 6 - icrg_corr_o
(292 missing values generated)

. gen cimmark_inv = 1-cimmark
(407 missing values generated)

. 
. * recode the presidentialism measure
. recode pres_new 2=1
(pres_new: 0 changes made)

. 
. * create interaction
. gen womenXpres=pctwomen*pres_new
(13 missing values generated)

. 
. 
. * scatterplots by presidentialism
. twoway (scatter cimmark_inv pctwomen if pres_new == 1 & exclude_new!=1) (lfit cimmark_inv pctwomen if pres_new==1 & exclude_new!=1), title
> ("Presidential Systems") xtitle("% Women in Lower House") ytitle("1 - Prop. of Contract-intensive Money") legend(label(1 "1 - CIM") label(
> 2 "Linear Fit")) ylabel(0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5) scheme(s2mono)

. graph export cim-prez-yes.emf, replace
(file C:\Users\justi\Desktop\replication file\cim-prez-yes.emf written in Enhanced Metafile format)

. twoway (scatter cimmark_inv pctwomen if pres_new==0 & exclude_new!=1) (lfit cimmark_inv pctwomen if pres_new==0 & exclude_new!=1), title("
> Parliamentary Systems") xtitle("% Women in Lower House") ytitle("1 - Prop. of Contract-intensive Money") legend(label(1 "1 - CIM") label(2
>  "Linear Fit")) ylabel(0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5) scheme(s2mono)

. graph export cim-prez-no.emf, replace
(file C:\Users\justi\Desktop\replication file\cim-prez-no.emf written in Enhanced Metafile format)

. 
. * are the slopes different?
. eststo prez_bas: reg cimmark_inv pctwomen pres_new womenXpres if exclude_new!=1

      Source |       SS           df       MS      Number of obs   =     1,186
-------------+----------------------------------   F(3, 1182)      =     33.78
       Model |  .615628077         3  .205209359   Prob > F        =    0.0000
    Residual |  7.18071194     1,182  .006075052   R-squared       =    0.0790
-------------+----------------------------------   Adj R-squared   =    0.0766
       Total |  7.79634002     1,185   .00657919   Root MSE        =    .07794

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 cimmark_inv |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
    pctwomen |  -.0020544   .0003032    -6.77   0.000    -.0026494   -.0014594
    pres_new |   .0083719   .0085713     0.98   0.329    -.0084447    .0251886
  womenXpres |   .0014051   .0005458     2.57   0.010     .0003342     .002476
       _cons |    .132681   .0056938    23.30   0.000     .1215099     .143852
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. unique countryid if e(sample)
Number of unique values of countryid is  75
Number of records is  1186

. tab year if e(sample)

       Year |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
       1990 |         51        4.30        4.30
       1991 |         55        4.64        8.94
       1992 |         58        4.89       13.83
       1993 |         63        5.31       19.14
       1994 |         67        5.65       24.79
       1995 |         67        5.65       30.44
       1996 |         68        5.73       36.17
       1997 |         68        5.73       41.91
       1998 |         64        5.40       47.30
       1999 |         64        5.40       52.70
       2000 |         64        5.40       58.09
       2001 |         64        5.40       63.49
       2002 |         64        5.40       68.89
       2003 |         64        5.40       74.28
       2004 |         64        5.40       79.68
       2005 |         64        5.40       85.08
       2006 |         63        5.31       90.39
       2007 |         58        4.89       95.28
       2008 |         56        4.72      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      1,186      100.00

. 
. ice cimmark_inv pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1 & year<=2008, seed(123456) m(50)
>  saving(wb_imputed, replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      1,170       58.44       58.44
          1 |        178        8.89       67.33
          . |        654       32.67      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
   pres_new |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
 womenXpres |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
trade_imp~p | regress | cimmark_inv pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg
            |         | log_gdp pct_protestant wecon
      wecon | mlogit  | cimmark_inv pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg
            |         | log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp
cimmark_inv | regress | pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. mi stset, clear

. mi fvset base 2000 year

. 
. mi estimate, esample(used): reg cimmark_inv l.cimmark_inv pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i
> .region if exclude_new!=1 & year<=2008

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,276
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3991
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.5824
                                                Complete DF       =       1240
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     115.28
                                                        avg       =     517.27
                                                        max       =   1,184.02
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  35, 1165.2)   =     121.16
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   cimmark_inv |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   cimmark_inv |
           L1. |   .7973914   .0252107    31.63   0.000     .7474551    .8473276
               |
      pctwomen |   .0002415   .0001807     1.34   0.182    -.0001132    .0005962
      pres_new |   .0031481   .0047361     0.66   0.506    -.0061463    .0124424
    womenXpres |  -.0000407   .0002745    -0.15   0.882    -.0005796    .0004981
        fh_neg |  -2.54e-06   .0016618    -0.00   0.999    -.0032634    .0032583
       log_gdp |  -.0089358   .0019194    -4.66   0.000    -.0127134   -.0051583
pct_protestant |   -.000137   .0000531    -2.58   0.010    -.0002413   -.0000327
  trade_impexp |  -.0000296   .0000329    -0.90   0.368    -.0000942    .0000349
         wecon |   .0013042   .0023817     0.55   0.584    -.0033778    .0059863
               |
          year |
         1991  |   .0027439   .0080443     0.34   0.733    -.0131186    .0186063
         1992  |   .0048285   .0076098     0.63   0.526    -.0101652    .0198222
         1993  |   .0049233   .0073135     0.67   0.501    -.0094774    .0193241
         1994  |    .010571   .0070556     1.50   0.135    -.0033151    .0244571
         1995  |   .0068597   .0067545     1.02   0.311    -.0064247     .020144
         1996  |   .0006583   .0070404     0.09   0.926    -.0132024    .0145189
         1997  |   .0076916   .0065551     1.17   0.241    -.0051934    .0205766
         1998  |   .0039849   .0073164     0.54   0.587    -.0104357    .0184055
         1999  |   .0141908   .0079578     1.78   0.077    -.0015403    .0299219
         2001  |   .0040246   .0081791     0.49   0.624    -.0121585    .0202078
         2002  |   .0067964   .0072872     0.93   0.352    -.0075742     .021167
         2003  |   .0061721   .0074089     0.83   0.406    -.0084452    .0207893
         2004  |   .0062897    .007023     0.90   0.371    -.0075454    .0201247
         2005  |   .0076739   .0080716     0.95   0.343    -.0082876    .0236354
         2006  |   .0080186   .0071662     1.12   0.264    -.0061003    .0221375
         2007  |   .0069526   .0081073     0.86   0.393     -.009073    .0229781
         2008  |   .0075746   .0076688     0.99   0.325    -.0075548     .022704
               |
        region |
            2  |   -.008394   .0064814    -1.30   0.196    -.0211106    .0043225
            3  |    .010795   .0069032     1.56   0.118    -.0027528    .0243427
            4  |  -.0071924   .0073981    -0.97   0.331    -.0217141    .0073294
            5  |   .0016087   .0065705     0.24   0.807    -.0112824    .0144997
            6  |  -.0020439    .008123    -0.25   0.801    -.0179814    .0138936
            7  |  -.0008018   .0044464    -0.18   0.857    -.0095263    .0079226
            8  |   .0066925   .0059048     1.13   0.257    -.0048933    .0182783
            9  |   .0154506   .0060202     2.57   0.011     .0036274    .0272738
           10  |   .0119039   .0062283     1.91   0.056    -.0003221    .0241299
               |
         _cons |   .0835888    .019445     4.30   0.000     .0453154    .1218622
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. eststo prez_est: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,276
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3991
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.5824
                                                Complete DF       =       1240
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     115.28
                                                        avg       =     517.27
                                                        max       =   1,184.02
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  35, 1165.2)   =     121.16
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   cimmark_inv |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   cimmark_inv |
           L1. |   .7973914   .0252107    31.63   0.000     .7474551    .8473276
               |
      pctwomen |   .0002415   .0001807     1.34   0.182    -.0001132    .0005962
      pres_new |   .0031481   .0047361     0.66   0.506    -.0061463    .0124424
    womenXpres |  -.0000407   .0002745    -0.15   0.882    -.0005796    .0004981
        fh_neg |  -2.54e-06   .0016618    -0.00   0.999    -.0032634    .0032583
       log_gdp |  -.0089358   .0019194    -4.66   0.000    -.0127134   -.0051583
pct_protestant |   -.000137   .0000531    -2.58   0.010    -.0002413   -.0000327
  trade_impexp |  -.0000296   .0000329    -0.90   0.368    -.0000942    .0000349
         wecon |   .0013042   .0023817     0.55   0.584    -.0033778    .0059863
               |
          year |
         1991  |   .0027439   .0080443     0.34   0.733    -.0131186    .0186063
         1992  |   .0048285   .0076098     0.63   0.526    -.0101652    .0198222
         1993  |   .0049233   .0073135     0.67   0.501    -.0094774    .0193241
         1994  |    .010571   .0070556     1.50   0.135    -.0033151    .0244571
         1995  |   .0068597   .0067545     1.02   0.311    -.0064247     .020144
         1996  |   .0006583   .0070404     0.09   0.926    -.0132024    .0145189
         1997  |   .0076916   .0065551     1.17   0.241    -.0051934    .0205766
         1998  |   .0039849   .0073164     0.54   0.587    -.0104357    .0184055
         1999  |   .0141908   .0079578     1.78   0.077    -.0015403    .0299219
         2001  |   .0040246   .0081791     0.49   0.624    -.0121585    .0202078
         2002  |   .0067964   .0072872     0.93   0.352    -.0075742     .021167
         2003  |   .0061721   .0074089     0.83   0.406    -.0084452    .0207893
         2004  |   .0062897    .007023     0.90   0.371    -.0075454    .0201247
         2005  |   .0076739   .0080716     0.95   0.343    -.0082876    .0236354
         2006  |   .0080186   .0071662     1.12   0.264    -.0061003    .0221375
         2007  |   .0069526   .0081073     0.86   0.393     -.009073    .0229781
         2008  |   .0075746   .0076688     0.99   0.325    -.0075548     .022704
               |
        region |
            2  |   -.008394   .0064814    -1.30   0.196    -.0211106    .0043225
            3  |    .010795   .0069032     1.56   0.118    -.0027528    .0243427
            4  |  -.0071924   .0073981    -0.97   0.331    -.0217141    .0073294
            5  |   .0016087   .0065705     0.24   0.807    -.0112824    .0144997
            6  |  -.0020439    .008123    -0.25   0.801    -.0179814    .0138936
            7  |  -.0008018   .0044464    -0.18   0.857    -.0095263    .0079226
            8  |   .0066925   .0059048     1.13   0.257    -.0048933    .0182783
            9  |   .0154506   .0060202     2.57   0.011     .0036274    .0272738
           10  |   .0119039   .0062283     1.91   0.056    -.0003221    .0241299
               |
         _cons |   .0835888    .019445     4.30   0.000     .0453154    .1218622
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. unique country if used==1
Number of unique values of country is  76
Number of records is  63800

. 
. 
. 
. 
. * lag interaction
. 
. * global corruption barometer scores from the QoG
. clear

. set more off

. use qog_std_ts_jan15.dta
(Quality of Government Standard dataset 2015 - Time-Series)

. recode ccodecow .=999 if cname=="Serbia"
(ccodecow: 69 changes made)

. gen scode = ccodecow
(690 missing values generated)

. drop if scode == .
(690 observations deleted)

. drop if year == .
(0 observations deleted)

. tsset scode year
       panel variable:  scode (strongly balanced)
        time variable:  year, 1946 to 2014
                delta:  1 unit

. sort scode year

. save "qog_std_ts_jan15_merge.dta", replace
file qog_std_ts_jan15_merge.dta saved

. 
. * Contract intensive money scores from Mark Souva
. clear 

. use "cimmark variable June 2011.dta"

. gen scode = cowcode

. sort scode year

. save "CIM-souva.dta", replace
file CIM-souva.dta saved

. 
. * add COW codes to the Schwindt-Bayer/Tavits Data Set
. clear 

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. gen sname = country

. qui do "Name_to_COW.do"

. 
. * merge in the QoG GCB scores
. sort scode year

. merge 1:1 scode year using "qog_std_ts_jan15_merge.dta", keepusing(gcb_bj gcb_bper gcb_bpol)

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                        11,867
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                     11,867  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(11,867 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * merge in Heritage Foundation Women's Economic Rights scores
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * merge in the contract intensive money score
. merge 1:1 scode year using "CIM-souva.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                         9,192
        from master                       228  (_merge==1)
        from using                      8,964  (_merge==2)

    matched                             1,774  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(8,964 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset scode year
       panel variable:  scode (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. * recode the DV
. rename icrg_corr icrg_corr_o

. gen icrg_corr = 6 - icrg_corr_o
(292 missing values generated)

. gen cimmark_inv = 1-cimmark
(407 missing values generated)

. 
. * scatterplot: ICRG Measure
. twoway (scatter cimmark_inv pctwomen if l.cimmark_inv<=0.1 & l.cimmark_inv!=. & exclude_new!=1) (lfit cimmark_inv pctwomen if l.cimmark_in
> v<=0.1 & l.cimmark_inv!=. & exclude_new!=1), title("Low Prior Corruption") xtitle("% Women in Lower House") ytitle("1 - Prop. of Contract-
> intensive Money") legend(label(1 "1 - CIM") label(2 "Linear Fit")) ylabel(0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5) scheme(s2mono)

. graph export cim-lag-lo.emf, replace
(file C:\Users\justi\Desktop\replication file\cim-lag-lo.emf written in Enhanced Metafile format)

. twoway (scatter cimmark_inv pctwomen if l.cimmark_inv>0.1 & l.cimmark_inv!=. & exclude_new!=1) (lfit cimmark_inv pctwomen if l.cimmark_inv
> >0.1 & l.cimmark_inv!=. & exclude_new!=1), title("High Prior Corruption") xtitle("% Women in Lower House") ytitle("1 - Prop. of Contract-i
> ntensive Money") legend(label(1 "1 - CIM") label(2 "Linear Fit")) ylabel(0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5) scheme(s2mono)

. graph export cim-lag-hi.emf, replace
(file C:\Users\justi\Desktop\replication file\cim-lag-hi.emf written in Enhanced Metafile format)

. 
. qui reg cimmark_inv l.cimmark_inv pctwomen if exclude_new!=1

. unique country if e(sample)
Number of unique values of country is  75
Number of records is  1113

. 
. gen lagdum = .
(2,002 missing values generated)

. replace lagdum = 0 if l.cimmark_inv<=0.1 & l.cimmark_inv!=.
(690 real changes made)

. replace lagdum = 1 if l.cimmark_inv>0.1 & l.cimmark_inv!=.
(882 real changes made)

. gen womXlagdum = pctwomen*lagdum
(432 missing values generated)

. eststo lag_bas: reg cimmark_inv pctwomen lagdum womXlagdum if(exclude_new!=1)

      Source |       SS           df       MS      Number of obs   =     1,113
-------------+----------------------------------   F(3, 1109)      =    446.97
       Model |  3.98413781         3  1.32804594   Prob > F        =    0.0000
    Residual |  3.29511123     1,109  .002971245   R-squared       =    0.5473
-------------+----------------------------------   Adj R-squared   =    0.5461
       Total |  7.27924904     1,112  .006546087   Root MSE        =    .05451

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 cimmark_inv |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
    pctwomen |  -.0004773    .000223    -2.14   0.033    -.0009149   -.0000397
      lagdum |   .1284617   .0062364    20.60   0.000     .1162252    .1406981
  womXlagdum |  -.0008807   .0003816    -2.31   0.021    -.0016294    -.000132
       _cons |   .0653169   .0042079    15.52   0.000     .0570606    .0735731
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. unique countryid if e(sample)
Number of unique values of countryid is  75
Number of records is  1113

. tab year if e(sample)

       Year |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
       1991 |         49        4.40        4.40
       1992 |         54        4.85        9.25
       1993 |         58        5.21       14.47
       1994 |         63        5.66       20.13
       1995 |         67        6.02       26.15
       1996 |         67        6.02       32.17
       1997 |         68        6.11       38.27
       1998 |         64        5.75       44.03
       1999 |         63        5.66       49.69
       2000 |         64        5.75       55.44
       2001 |         63        5.66       61.10
       2002 |         64        5.75       66.85
       2003 |         64        5.75       72.60
       2004 |         64        5.75       78.35
       2005 |         64        5.75       84.10
       2006 |         63        5.66       89.76
       2007 |         58        5.21       94.97
       2008 |         56        5.03      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      1,113      100.00

. 
. xtunitroot fisher cimmark_inv if exclude_new!=1, trend pperron lags(1)
(407 missing values generated)

Fisher-type unit-root test for cimmark_inv
Based on Phillips-Perron tests
------------------------------------------
Ho: All panels contain unit roots           Number of panels       =     75
Ha: At least one panel is stationary        Avg. number of periods =  15.81

AR parameter:    Panel-specific             Asymptotics: T -> Infinity
Panel means:     Included
Time trend:      Included
Newey-West lags: 1 lag
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                  Statistic      p-value
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Inverse chi-squared(150)  P       248.8469       0.0000
 Inverse normal            Z        -0.5790       0.2813
 Inverse logit t(379)      L*       -1.9507       0.0259
 Modified inv. chi-squared Pm        5.7069       0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 P statistic requires number of panels to be finite.
 Other statistics are suitable for finite or infinite number of panels.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. xtunitroot fisher cimmark_inv if exclude_new!=1, trend dfuller lags(1)
(407 missing values generated)

Fisher-type unit-root test for cimmark_inv
Based on augmented Dickey-Fuller tests
------------------------------------------
Ho: All panels contain unit roots           Number of panels       =     75
Ha: At least one panel is stationary        Avg. number of periods =  15.81

AR parameter: Panel-specific                Asymptotics: T -> Infinity
Panel means:  Included
Time trend:   Included
Drift term:   Not included                  ADF regressions: 1 lag
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                  Statistic      p-value
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Inverse chi-squared(150)  P       340.4420       0.0000
 Inverse normal            Z        -1.5226       0.0639
 Inverse logit t(379)      L*       -4.7939       0.0000
 Modified inv. chi-squared Pm       10.9952       0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 P statistic requires number of panels to be finite.
 Other statistics are suitable for finite or infinite number of panels.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. ice cimmark_inv pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1 & year<=2008, seed(123456) m(50) saving(wb_imputed, 
> replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      1,170       58.44       58.44
          1 |        178        8.89       67.33
          . |        654       32.67      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
trade_imp~p | regress | cimmark_inv pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant
            |         | wecon
      wecon | mlogit  | cimmark_inv pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant
            |         | trade_impexp
cimmark_inv | regress | pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp
            |         | wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. mi stset, clear

. mi tsset scode year
       panel variable:  scode (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. qui mi xeq: sort scode year; by scode: gen lagXwomen = l.cimmark_inv * pctwomen

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): reg cimmark_inv l.cimmark_inv pctwomen lagXwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region if
>  exclude_new!=1 & year<=2008

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,276
                                                Average RVI       =     0.4776
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6295
                                                Complete DF       =       1241
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =      99.48
                                                        avg       =     465.81
                                                        max       =   1,176.87
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  34, 1144.5)   =     121.93
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   cimmark_inv |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   cimmark_inv |
           L1. |    .927557   .0313053    29.63   0.000      .865871    .9892429
               |
      pctwomen |   .0011485   .0002828     4.06   0.000     .0005894    .0017076
     lagXwomen |  -.0102175   .0022562    -4.53   0.000    -.0146893   -.0057457
        fh_neg |   .0009119   .0016624     0.55   0.583    -.0023504    .0041742
       log_gdp |  -.0084715   .0017041    -4.97   0.000    -.0118184   -.0051246
pct_protestant |  -.0001951   .0000538    -3.63   0.000    -.0003008   -.0000894
  trade_impexp |  -.0000269   .0000323    -0.83   0.406    -.0000904    .0000366
         wecon |   .0000641   .0023936     0.03   0.979    -.0046425    .0047707
               |
          year |
         1991  |   .0033955   .0075941     0.45   0.655    -.0115612    .0183522
         1992  |   .0035555   .0073655     0.48   0.630    -.0109491    .0180602
         1993  |   .0051372   .0076378     0.67   0.502    -.0099249    .0201993
         1994  |   .0104405   .0068597     1.52   0.129    -.0030548    .0239357
         1995  |   .0076085   .0067616     1.13   0.261    -.0056937    .0209107
         1996  |   .0009665   .0069225     0.14   0.889    -.0126602    .0145932
         1997  |   .0084211   .0067065     1.26   0.210    -.0047718    .0216141
         1998  |   .0046158   .0069936     0.66   0.510    -.0091561    .0183877
         1999  |   .0152906   .0079799     1.92   0.057    -.0004903    .0310716
         2001  |    .004435   .0089031     0.50   0.619    -.0132296    .0220996
         2002  |   .0072341   .0073176     0.99   0.324    -.0072025    .0216708
         2003  |   .0071351    .007822     0.91   0.363    -.0083259    .0225962
         2004  |   .0062341   .0068875     0.91   0.366    -.0073311    .0197992
         2005  |   .0091664   .0083795     1.09   0.276    -.0074278    .0257605
         2006  |   .0083991   .0076672     1.10   0.275    -.0067407     .023539
         2007  |   .0065287   .0076086     0.86   0.392    -.0084897    .0215472
         2008  |   .0084162   .0088435     0.95   0.343    -.0091097    .0259421
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0113777    .006199    -1.84   0.067    -.0235406    .0007853
            3  |   .0081753    .006587     1.24   0.215    -.0047501    .0211007
            4  |   -.005866    .007374    -0.80   0.427    -.0203429    .0086108
            5  |  -.0027514   .0061801    -0.45   0.656    -.0148766    .0093738
            6  |  -.0022168    .007752    -0.29   0.775    -.0174267    .0129931
            7  |   .0015569   .0043122     0.36   0.718    -.0069048    .0100186
            8  |   .0074423    .005765     1.29   0.197    -.0038705    .0187551
            9  |   .0132254   .0053275     2.48   0.013     .0027668     .023684
           10  |   .0074136   .0059594     1.24   0.214     -.004285    .0191122
               |
         _cons |   .0733025    .017473     4.20   0.000     .0389701    .1076348
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. eststo lag_est: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,276
                                                Average RVI       =     0.4776
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6295
                                                Complete DF       =       1241
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =      99.48
                                                        avg       =     465.81
                                                        max       =   1,176.87
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  34, 1144.5)   =     121.93
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   cimmark_inv |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   cimmark_inv |
           L1. |    .927557   .0313053    29.63   0.000      .865871    .9892429
               |
      pctwomen |   .0011485   .0002828     4.06   0.000     .0005894    .0017076
     lagXwomen |  -.0102175   .0022562    -4.53   0.000    -.0146893   -.0057457
        fh_neg |   .0009119   .0016624     0.55   0.583    -.0023504    .0041742
       log_gdp |  -.0084715   .0017041    -4.97   0.000    -.0118184   -.0051246
pct_protestant |  -.0001951   .0000538    -3.63   0.000    -.0003008   -.0000894
  trade_impexp |  -.0000269   .0000323    -0.83   0.406    -.0000904    .0000366
         wecon |   .0000641   .0023936     0.03   0.979    -.0046425    .0047707
               |
          year |
         1991  |   .0033955   .0075941     0.45   0.655    -.0115612    .0183522
         1992  |   .0035555   .0073655     0.48   0.630    -.0109491    .0180602
         1993  |   .0051372   .0076378     0.67   0.502    -.0099249    .0201993
         1994  |   .0104405   .0068597     1.52   0.129    -.0030548    .0239357
         1995  |   .0076085   .0067616     1.13   0.261    -.0056937    .0209107
         1996  |   .0009665   .0069225     0.14   0.889    -.0126602    .0145932
         1997  |   .0084211   .0067065     1.26   0.210    -.0047718    .0216141
         1998  |   .0046158   .0069936     0.66   0.510    -.0091561    .0183877
         1999  |   .0152906   .0079799     1.92   0.057    -.0004903    .0310716
         2001  |    .004435   .0089031     0.50   0.619    -.0132296    .0220996
         2002  |   .0072341   .0073176     0.99   0.324    -.0072025    .0216708
         2003  |   .0071351    .007822     0.91   0.363    -.0083259    .0225962
         2004  |   .0062341   .0068875     0.91   0.366    -.0073311    .0197992
         2005  |   .0091664   .0083795     1.09   0.276    -.0074278    .0257605
         2006  |   .0083991   .0076672     1.10   0.275    -.0067407     .023539
         2007  |   .0065287   .0076086     0.86   0.392    -.0084897    .0215472
         2008  |   .0084162   .0088435     0.95   0.343    -.0091097    .0259421
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0113777    .006199    -1.84   0.067    -.0235406    .0007853
            3  |   .0081753    .006587     1.24   0.215    -.0047501    .0211007
            4  |   -.005866    .007374    -0.80   0.427    -.0203429    .0086108
            5  |  -.0027514   .0061801    -0.45   0.656    -.0148766    .0093738
            6  |  -.0022168    .007752    -0.29   0.775    -.0174267    .0129931
            7  |   .0015569   .0043122     0.36   0.718    -.0069048    .0100186
            8  |   .0074423    .005765     1.29   0.197    -.0038705    .0187551
            9  |   .0132254   .0053275     2.48   0.013     .0027668     .023684
           10  |   .0074136   .0059594     1.24   0.214     -.004285    .0191122
               |
         _cons |   .0733025    .017473     4.20   0.000     .0389701    .1076348
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. unique country if used==1
Number of unique values of country is  76
Number of records is  63800

. 
. 
. 
. 
. * press freedom
. * global corruption barometer scores from the QoG
. clear

. set more off

. use qog_std_ts_jan15.dta
(Quality of Government Standard dataset 2015 - Time-Series)

. recode ccodecow .=999 if cname=="Serbia"
(ccodecow: 69 changes made)

. gen scode = ccodecow
(690 missing values generated)

. drop if scode == .
(690 observations deleted)

. drop if year == .
(0 observations deleted)

. tsset scode year
       panel variable:  scode (strongly balanced)
        time variable:  year, 1946 to 2014
                delta:  1 unit

. sort scode year

. save "qog_std_ts_jan15_merge.dta", replace
file qog_std_ts_jan15_merge.dta saved

. 
. * Contract intensive money scores from Mark Souva
. clear 

. use "cimmark variable June 2011.dta"

. gen scode = cowcode

. sort scode year

. save "CIM-souva.dta", replace
file CIM-souva.dta saved

. 
. * add COW codes to the Schwindt-Bayer/Tavits Data Set
. clear 

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. gen sname = country

. qui do "Name_to_COW.do"

. 
. * merge in the QoG GCB scores
. sort scode year

. merge 1:1 scode year using "qog_std_ts_jan15_merge.dta", keepusing(gcb_bj gcb_bper gcb_bpol)

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                        11,867
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                     11,867  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(11,867 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * merge in Heritage Foundation Women's Economic Rights scores
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * merge in the contract intensive money score
. merge 1:1 scode year using "CIM-souva.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                         9,192
        from master                       228  (_merge==1)
        from using                      8,964  (_merge==2)

    matched                             1,774  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(8,964 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset scode year
       panel variable:  scode (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. * recode the DV
. rename icrg_corr icrg_corr_o

. gen icrg_corr = 6 - icrg_corr_o
(292 missing values generated)

. gen cimmark_inv = 1-cimmark
(407 missing values generated)

. 
. * scatterplot: ICRG Measure
. twoway (scatter cimmark_inv pctwomen if press3_inverse < -30 & press3_inverse!=. & exclude_new!=1) (lfit cimmark_inv pctwomen if press3_in
> verse < -30 & press3_inverse!=. & exclude_new!=1), title("Low Press Freedom") xtitle("% Women in Lower House") ytitle("1 - Prop. of Contra
> ct-intensive Money") legend(label(1 "1 - CIM") label(2 "Linear Fit")) ylabel(0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5) scheme(s2mono)

. graph export cim-press-lo.emf, replace
(file C:\Users\justi\Desktop\replication file\cim-press-lo.emf written in Enhanced Metafile format)

. twoway (scatter cimmark_inv pctwomen if press3_inverse >= -30 & press3_inverse!=. & exclude_new!=1) (lfit cimmark_inv pctwomen if press3_i
> nverse >= -30 & press3_inverse!=. & exclude_new!=1), title("High Press Freedom") xtitle("% Women in Lower House") ytitle("1 - Prop. of Con
> tract-intensive Money") legend(label(1 "1 - CIM") label(2 "Linear Fit")) ylabel(0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5) scheme(s2mono)

. graph export cim-press-hi.emf, replace
(file C:\Users\justi\Desktop\replication file\cim-press-hi.emf written in Enhanced Metafile format)

. 
. qui reg cimmark_inv press3_inverse pctwomen if exclude_new!=1

. unique country if e(sample)
Number of unique values of country is  75
Number of records is  1022

. 
. gen pressdum = .
(2,002 missing values generated)

. replace pressdum = 1 if press3_inverse < -30 & press3_inverse !=.
(876 real changes made)

. replace pressdum = 0 if press3_inverse >= -30 & press3_inverse !=.
(893 real changes made)

. gen womXpressdum = pctwomen*pressdum
(241 missing values generated)

. eststo press_bas: reg cimmark_inv pctwomen pressdum womXpressdum if(exclude_new!=1)

      Source |       SS           df       MS      Number of obs   =     1,022
-------------+----------------------------------   F(3, 1018)      =     35.89
       Model |   .67126117         3  .223753723   Prob > F        =    0.0000
    Residual |  6.34717118     1,018  .006234942   R-squared       =    0.0956
-------------+----------------------------------   Adj R-squared   =    0.0930
       Total |  7.01843235     1,021  .006874077   Root MSE        =    .07896

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 cimmark_inv |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
    pctwomen |  -.0016749   .0003323    -5.04   0.000     -.002327   -.0010229
    pressdum |    .025446   .0097116     2.62   0.009      .006389    .0445031
womXpressdum |   .0009242   .0006118     1.51   0.131    -.0002764    .0021248
       _cons |   .1234327   .0064855    19.03   0.000     .1107062    .1361592
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. unique countryid if e(sample)
Number of unique values of countryid is  75
Number of records is  1022

. tab year if e(sample)

       Year |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
       1993 |         63        6.16        6.16
       1994 |         67        6.56       12.72
       1995 |         67        6.56       19.28
       1996 |         68        6.65       25.93
       1997 |         68        6.65       32.58
       1998 |         64        6.26       38.85
       1999 |         64        6.26       45.11
       2000 |         64        6.26       51.37
       2001 |         64        6.26       57.63
       2002 |         64        6.26       63.89
       2003 |         64        6.26       70.16
       2004 |         64        6.26       76.42
       2005 |         64        6.26       82.68
       2006 |         63        6.16       88.85
       2007 |         58        5.68       94.52
       2008 |         56        5.48      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      1,022      100.00

. 
. * create interaction variable
. gen womenXpress3=pctwomen*press3_inverse
(241 missing values generated)

. 
. * generate multiple imputation data sets
. ice cimmark_inv pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1 & year<=2008, passive(wo
> menXpress3: pctwomen*press3_inverse) seed(123456) m(50) saving(wb_imputed, replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      1,008       50.35       50.35
          1 |        161        8.04       58.39
          2 |        162        8.09       66.48
          3 |         17        0.85       67.33
          . |        654       32.67      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
trade_imp~p | regress | cimmark_inv pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3
            |         | fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant wecon
      wecon | mlogit  | cimmark_inv pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3
            |         | fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp
cimmark_inv | regress | pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon
press3_in~e | regress | cimmark_inv pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant
            |         | trade_impexp wecon
womenXpre~3 |         | [Passively imputed from pctwomen*press3_inverse]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. mi stset, clear

. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): reg cimmark_inv l.cimmark_inv pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon 
> i.year i.region if exclude_new!=1 & year<=2008

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,276
                                                Average RVI       =     0.4006
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.5948
                                                Complete DF       =       1240
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     110.84
                                                        avg       =     492.55
                                                        max       =   1,127.56
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  35, 1164.5)   =     121.42
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   cimmark_inv |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   cimmark_inv |
           L1. |    .795657   .0254542    31.26   0.000     .7452171     .846097
               |
      pctwomen |   .0005838   .0002722     2.15   0.032     .0000495    .0011182
press3_inverse |  -.0002384   .0001834    -1.30   0.194    -.0005984    .0001216
  womenXpress3 |    .000016   9.07e-06     1.76   0.078    -1.81e-06    .0000338
        fh_neg |   .0012389   .0024672     0.50   0.616    -.0036038    .0060816
       log_gdp |  -.0090511   .0018627    -4.86   0.000    -.0127153   -.0053869
pct_protestant |  -.0001651   .0000591    -2.79   0.005    -.0002812    -.000049
  trade_impexp |  -.0000316   .0000321    -0.98   0.326    -.0000946    .0000315
         wecon |   .0007249   .0023581     0.31   0.759    -.0039096    .0053595
               |
          year |
         1991  |   .0036057   .0078185     0.46   0.645    -.0118016     .019013
         1992  |   .0037427   .0077377     0.48   0.629    -.0115119    .0189974
         1993  |   .0060307   .0075067     0.80   0.423    -.0087621    .0208235
         1994  |   .0108694   .0071253     1.53   0.128    -.0031589    .0248977
         1995  |   .0075384   .0070373     1.07   0.285    -.0063171    .0213939
         1996  |   .0018862   .0069211     0.27   0.785     -.011735    .0155075
         1997  |   .0083153   .0072056     1.15   0.250    -.0058826    .0225132
         1998  |   .0040518    .007027     0.58   0.565     -.009785    .0178887
         1999  |   .0155461    .008597     1.81   0.073    -.0014886    .0325809
         2001  |   .0051321   .0083424     0.62   0.540    -.0113852    .0216494
         2002  |   .0078174   .0076188     1.03   0.306    -.0072277    .0228625
         2003  |   .0066168   .0074192     0.89   0.374    -.0080224    .0212559
         2004  |   .0064838   .0075761     0.86   0.393    -.0084722    .0214398
         2005  |    .008427    .007348     1.15   0.253    -.0060642    .0229181
         2006  |   .0087513   .0077761     1.13   0.262    -.0066029    .0241055
         2007  |    .007884    .006987     1.13   0.260    -.0058698    .0216378
         2008  |   .0099291   .0084368     1.18   0.241    -.0067594    .0266176
               |
        region |
            2  |   -.013521   .0068159    -1.98   0.048    -.0268958   -.0001461
            3  |    .007219   .0067703     1.07   0.287    -.0060663    .0205044
            4  |   -.009863   .0074742    -1.32   0.187     -.024536      .00481
            5  |  -.0023193   .0064941    -0.36   0.721    -.0150612    .0104227
            6  |  -.0078338   .0081827    -0.96   0.339    -.0238897     .008222
            7  |  -.0013202    .004403    -0.30   0.764    -.0099597    .0073194
            8  |    .004996   .0058451     0.85   0.393    -.0064731    .0164652
            9  |   .0115051   .0054153     2.12   0.034     .0008758    .0221343
           10  |   .0078822   .0061089     1.29   0.197    -.0041072    .0198715
               |
         _cons |   .0858054   .0199366     4.30   0.000     .0465139    .1250968
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. eststo press_est: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,276
                                                Average RVI       =     0.4006
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.5948
                                                Complete DF       =       1240
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     110.84
                                                        avg       =     492.55
                                                        max       =   1,127.56
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  35, 1164.5)   =     121.42
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   cimmark_inv |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   cimmark_inv |
           L1. |    .795657   .0254542    31.26   0.000     .7452171     .846097
               |
      pctwomen |   .0005838   .0002722     2.15   0.032     .0000495    .0011182
press3_inverse |  -.0002384   .0001834    -1.30   0.194    -.0005984    .0001216
  womenXpress3 |    .000016   9.07e-06     1.76   0.078    -1.81e-06    .0000338
        fh_neg |   .0012389   .0024672     0.50   0.616    -.0036038    .0060816
       log_gdp |  -.0090511   .0018627    -4.86   0.000    -.0127153   -.0053869
pct_protestant |  -.0001651   .0000591    -2.79   0.005    -.0002812    -.000049
  trade_impexp |  -.0000316   .0000321    -0.98   0.326    -.0000946    .0000315
         wecon |   .0007249   .0023581     0.31   0.759    -.0039096    .0053595
               |
          year |
         1991  |   .0036057   .0078185     0.46   0.645    -.0118016     .019013
         1992  |   .0037427   .0077377     0.48   0.629    -.0115119    .0189974
         1993  |   .0060307   .0075067     0.80   0.423    -.0087621    .0208235
         1994  |   .0108694   .0071253     1.53   0.128    -.0031589    .0248977
         1995  |   .0075384   .0070373     1.07   0.285    -.0063171    .0213939
         1996  |   .0018862   .0069211     0.27   0.785     -.011735    .0155075
         1997  |   .0083153   .0072056     1.15   0.250    -.0058826    .0225132
         1998  |   .0040518    .007027     0.58   0.565     -.009785    .0178887
         1999  |   .0155461    .008597     1.81   0.073    -.0014886    .0325809
         2001  |   .0051321   .0083424     0.62   0.540    -.0113852    .0216494
         2002  |   .0078174   .0076188     1.03   0.306    -.0072277    .0228625
         2003  |   .0066168   .0074192     0.89   0.374    -.0080224    .0212559
         2004  |   .0064838   .0075761     0.86   0.393    -.0084722    .0214398
         2005  |    .008427    .007348     1.15   0.253    -.0060642    .0229181
         2006  |   .0087513   .0077761     1.13   0.262    -.0066029    .0241055
         2007  |    .007884    .006987     1.13   0.260    -.0058698    .0216378
         2008  |   .0099291   .0084368     1.18   0.241    -.0067594    .0266176
               |
        region |
            2  |   -.013521   .0068159    -1.98   0.048    -.0268958   -.0001461
            3  |    .007219   .0067703     1.07   0.287    -.0060663    .0205044
            4  |   -.009863   .0074742    -1.32   0.187     -.024536      .00481
            5  |  -.0023193   .0064941    -0.36   0.721    -.0150612    .0104227
            6  |  -.0078338   .0081827    -0.96   0.339    -.0238897     .008222
            7  |  -.0013202    .004403    -0.30   0.764    -.0099597    .0073194
            8  |    .004996   .0058451     0.85   0.393    -.0064731    .0164652
            9  |   .0115051   .0054153     2.12   0.034     .0008758    .0221343
           10  |   .0078822   .0061089     1.29   0.197    -.0041072    .0198715
               |
         _cons |   .0858054   .0199366     4.30   0.000     .0465139    .1250968
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. unique country if used==1
Number of unique values of country is  76
Number of records is  63800

. 
. 
. 
. 
. esttab lag_est press_est prez_est personalism_est using cim_results.rtf, replace order(L.cimmark_inv pctwomen lagXwomen press3_inverse wom
> enXpress3 pres_new womenXpres pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon) keep(L.cimmark_inv pctwomen lagXwome
> n pres_new womenXpres press3_inverse womenXpress3 pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon) mtitles("lag DV"
>  "press freedom" "presidentialism" "personalism") coeflabels(L.cimmark_inv "lag CIM inverse" pctwomen "% women in lower house" lagXwomen "
> % women * lag DV" pres_new "presidential system" womenXpres "% women * presidentialism"  press3_inverse "press freedom" womenXpress3 "% wo
> men * press freedom" pers_lower "personalism" womenXpers "% women * personalism" fh_neg "FH Freedom" log_gdp "log GDP per capita" pct_prot
> estant "% protestant" trade_impexp "trade imbalance (% of GDP)" wecon "women's economic rights" _cons "constant") noabbrev wrap gaps varwi
> dth(25) align(r)
(output written to cim_results.rtf)

. 
. esttab lag_bas press_bas prez_bas personalism_bas using cim_basic_results.rtf, replace order(pctwomen lagdum womXlagdum pressdum womXpress
> dum pres_new womenXpres persdum womenXpersdum) mtitles("lag DV" "press freedom" "presidentialism" "personalism") coeflabels(pctwomen "% wo
> men in lower house" lagdum "lag DV > 0.1" womXlagdum "% women * lag dummy" pressdum "press freedom < -30 " womXpressdum "% women * press d
> ummy" pres_new "presidentialism" womenXpres "% women * presidentialism" persdum "personalism > 6" womenXpersdum "% women * pers. dummy" _c
> ons "constant") noabbrev wrap gaps varwidth(25) align(r)
(output written to cim_basic_results.rtf)

. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. *********************************************************
. *********************************************************
. * add control variables
. * (reviewer-mandated additions)
. *********************************************************
. *********************************************************
. 
. ***************************************************************************
. * lag DV
. * TI CPI
. ****
. 
. * UNCHR Condemnation from the Lebovic and Voeten data set
. clear all

. set more off 

. use jprworkdatanew.dta

. gen scode = CCODE

. rename YEAR year

. sort scode year

. save "jpr_merge.dta", replace
file jpr_merge.dta saved

. 
. * add COW codes to the Schwindt-Bayer/Tavits Data Set
. clear 

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. gen sname = country

. qui do "Name_to_COW.do"

. 
. * add women's suffrage count
. qui do "suffrage_year.do"

. drop if suffrageyear==.
(50 observations deleted)

. 
. * merge in the UNCHR condemnations and aid amounts
. sort scode year

. merge 1:1 scode year using "jpr_merge.dta", keepusing(WBCOMMIT ODA)

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                         4,116
        from master                       992  (_merge==1)
        from using                      3,124  (_merge==2)

    matched                               960  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. * set aid amounts to zero for donor countries
. replace ODA = 0 if countryid==4 | countryid==5 | countryid==8 | countryid==15 | countryid==25 | countryid==26 | countryid==35 | countryid=
> =36 | countryid==39 | countryid==41 | countryid==48 | countryid==51 | countryid==53 | countryid==55 | countryid==99 | countryid==76 | coun
> tryid==77 | countryid==81 | countryid==88 | countryid==89 | countryid==95 | countryid==96 | countryid==100 | countryid==102 | countryid==1
> 03 | countryid==109 | countryid==110
(560 real changes made)

. drop if _merge==2
(3,124 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * merge in Heritage Foundation Women's Economic Rights scores
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                            52
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                         52  (_merge==2)

    matched                             1,952  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(52 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. 
. tsset scode year
       panel variable:  scode (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. * recode the DV
. rename cpi_ti cpi_ti_o

. gen cpi_ti = 10 - cpi_ti_o
(715 missing values generated)

. 
. ice cpi_ti pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon suffrageyear ODA if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1994, seed(123456) m(50) saving(
> wb_imputed, replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |        588       30.12       30.12
          1 |        592       30.33       60.45
          2 |         35        1.79       62.24
          . |        737       37.76      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      1,952      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
suffragey~r |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | cpi_ti pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant
            |         | trade_impexp suffrageyear ODA
trade_imp~p | regress | cpi_ti pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant wecon
            |         | suffrageyear ODA
     cpi_ti | regress | pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp
            |         | wecon suffrageyear ODA
        ODA | regress | cpi_ti pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant
            |         | trade_impexp wecon suffrageyear
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. mi tsset scode year
       panel variable:  scode (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. qui mi xeq: sort scode year; by scode: gen lagXwomen = l.cpi_ti * pctwomen

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): reg cpi_ti l.cpi_ti pctwomen lagXwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon suffrageyear ODA i.year i.re
> gion if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,144
                                                Average RVI       =     0.4086
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6579
                                                Complete DF       =       1109
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =      89.01
                                                        avg       =     362.43
                                                        max       =     833.01
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  34, 1044.3)   =     257.62
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .5778675   .0486894    11.87   0.000      .481123    .6746121
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0302042   .0070021    -4.31   0.000    -.0439796   -.0164288
     lagXwomen |   .0054394   .0013204     4.12   0.000     .0028405    .0080384
        fh_neg |  -.2007748   .0459492    -4.37   0.000    -.2912288   -.1103208
       log_gdp |  -.3821104   .0574543    -6.65   0.000    -.4955036   -.2687172
pct_protestant |  -.0024023   .0012876    -1.87   0.062    -.0049303    .0001257
  trade_impexp |  -.0008904   .0007471    -1.19   0.234    -.0023581    .0005773
         wecon |  -.0068815   .0500504    -0.14   0.891     -.105252     .091489
  suffrageyear |  -.0002871   .0016129    -0.18   0.859    -.0034536    .0028793
           ODA |  -.0000988   .0002218    -0.45   0.657    -.0005372    .0003396
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.2465292   .1914994    -1.29   0.201    -.6265011    .1334427
         1996  |  -.1555059   .1812107    -0.86   0.393    -.5145103    .2034985
         1997  |   .0232011   .1587743     0.15   0.884     -.290195    .3365973
         1998  |  -.0200972   .1630215    -0.12   0.902    -.3421214     .301927
         1999  |  -.1297478   .1614021    -0.80   0.423    -.4486073    .1891118
         2001  |   .0510662   .1773141     0.29   0.774    -.3003153    .4024477
         2002  |   .0127421    .146091     0.09   0.931    -.2751386    .3006228
         2003  |   .0964254   .1418996     0.68   0.497    -.1829647    .3758156
         2004  |   .1235931   .1415883     0.87   0.383     -.155132    .4023181
         2005  |   .1763732   .1416101     1.25   0.214    -.1023538    .4551001
         2006  |   .2343424   .1439402     1.63   0.105    -.0489793     .517664
         2007  |    .219925    .144519     1.52   0.129     -.064477     .504327
         2008  |   .3087394   .1468297     2.10   0.036     .0197869     .597692
         2009  |   .3119866   .1431792     2.18   0.030     .0302975    .5936757
         2010  |   .3212867   .1451626     2.21   0.028     .0356842    .6068892
               |
        region |
            2  |    .206927   .1654353     1.25   0.212    -.1180972    .5319511
            3  |   .5176038   .1715451     3.02   0.003     .1806876    .8545201
            4  |    .222293   .1769949     1.26   0.210    -.1251838    .5697699
            5  |   .1355665   .1591653     0.85   0.395    -.1769429    .4480758
            6  |   .2575639   .1915196     1.34   0.179    -.1183537    .6334816
            7  |    .493114   .1202265     4.10   0.000     .2568569    .7293712
            8  |   .4385995   .1438932     3.05   0.002     .1560733    .7211256
            9  |   .6515992   .1521108     4.28   0.000     .3525684      .95063
           10  |   .5638792   .1550832     3.64   0.000     .2592528    .8685055
               |
         _cons |   4.755812   .6403498     7.43   0.000     3.489914     6.02171
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. eststo lag_est: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,144
                                                Average RVI       =     0.4086
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6579
                                                Complete DF       =       1109
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =      89.01
                                                        avg       =     362.43
                                                        max       =     833.01
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  34, 1044.3)   =     257.62
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .5778675   .0486894    11.87   0.000      .481123    .6746121
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0302042   .0070021    -4.31   0.000    -.0439796   -.0164288
     lagXwomen |   .0054394   .0013204     4.12   0.000     .0028405    .0080384
        fh_neg |  -.2007748   .0459492    -4.37   0.000    -.2912288   -.1103208
       log_gdp |  -.3821104   .0574543    -6.65   0.000    -.4955036   -.2687172
pct_protestant |  -.0024023   .0012876    -1.87   0.062    -.0049303    .0001257
  trade_impexp |  -.0008904   .0007471    -1.19   0.234    -.0023581    .0005773
         wecon |  -.0068815   .0500504    -0.14   0.891     -.105252     .091489
  suffrageyear |  -.0002871   .0016129    -0.18   0.859    -.0034536    .0028793
           ODA |  -.0000988   .0002218    -0.45   0.657    -.0005372    .0003396
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.2465292   .1914994    -1.29   0.201    -.6265011    .1334427
         1996  |  -.1555059   .1812107    -0.86   0.393    -.5145103    .2034985
         1997  |   .0232011   .1587743     0.15   0.884     -.290195    .3365973
         1998  |  -.0200972   .1630215    -0.12   0.902    -.3421214     .301927
         1999  |  -.1297478   .1614021    -0.80   0.423    -.4486073    .1891118
         2001  |   .0510662   .1773141     0.29   0.774    -.3003153    .4024477
         2002  |   .0127421    .146091     0.09   0.931    -.2751386    .3006228
         2003  |   .0964254   .1418996     0.68   0.497    -.1829647    .3758156
         2004  |   .1235931   .1415883     0.87   0.383     -.155132    .4023181
         2005  |   .1763732   .1416101     1.25   0.214    -.1023538    .4551001
         2006  |   .2343424   .1439402     1.63   0.105    -.0489793     .517664
         2007  |    .219925    .144519     1.52   0.129     -.064477     .504327
         2008  |   .3087394   .1468297     2.10   0.036     .0197869     .597692
         2009  |   .3119866   .1431792     2.18   0.030     .0302975    .5936757
         2010  |   .3212867   .1451626     2.21   0.028     .0356842    .6068892
               |
        region |
            2  |    .206927   .1654353     1.25   0.212    -.1180972    .5319511
            3  |   .5176038   .1715451     3.02   0.003     .1806876    .8545201
            4  |    .222293   .1769949     1.26   0.210    -.1251838    .5697699
            5  |   .1355665   .1591653     0.85   0.395    -.1769429    .4480758
            6  |   .2575639   .1915196     1.34   0.179    -.1183537    .6334816
            7  |    .493114   .1202265     4.10   0.000     .2568569    .7293712
            8  |   .4385995   .1438932     3.05   0.002     .1560733    .7211256
            9  |   .6515992   .1521108     4.28   0.000     .3525684      .95063
           10  |   .5638792   .1550832     3.64   0.000     .2592528    .8685055
               |
         _cons |   4.755812   .6403498     7.43   0.000     3.489914     6.02171
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. unique countryid if used==1
Number of unique values of countryid is  74
Number of records is  57200

. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. ***************************************************************************
. * press freedom
. * TI Corruption Measure
. 
. 
. * UNCHR Condemnation from the Lebovic and Voeten data set
. clear

. set more off 

. use jprworkdatanew.dta

. gen scode = CCODE

. rename YEAR year

. sort scode year

. save "jpr_merge.dta", replace
file jpr_merge.dta saved

. 
. * add COW codes to the Schwindt-Bayer/Tavits Data Set
. clear 

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. gen sname = country

. qui do "Name_to_COW.do"

. 
. * add women's suffrage count
. qui do "suffrage_year.do"

. drop if suffrageyear==.
(50 observations deleted)

. 
. * merge in the UNCHR condemnations and aid amounts
. sort scode year

. merge 1:1 scode year using "jpr_merge.dta", keepusing(WBCOMMIT ODA)

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                         4,116
        from master                       992  (_merge==1)
        from using                      3,124  (_merge==2)

    matched                               960  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. * set aid amounts to zero for donor countries
. replace ODA = 0 if countryid==4 | countryid==5 | countryid==8 | countryid==15 | countryid==25 | countryid==26 | countryid==35 | countryid=
> =36 | countryid==39 | countryid==41 | countryid==48 | countryid==51 | countryid==53 | countryid==55 | countryid==99 | countryid==76 | coun
> tryid==77 | countryid==81 | countryid==88 | countryid==89 | countryid==95 | countryid==96 | countryid==100 | countryid==102 | countryid==1
> 03 | countryid==109 | countryid==110
(560 real changes made)

. drop if _merge==2
(3,124 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(212 real changes made, 212 to missing)

. 
. * merge in Heritage Foundation Women's Economic Rights scores
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                            52
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                         52  (_merge==2)

    matched                             1,952  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(52 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * recode the DV
. rename cpi_ti cpi_ti_o

. gen cpi_ti = 10 - cpi_ti_o
(715 missing values generated)

. 
. gen womenXpress3 = pctwomen * press3_inverse
(236 missing values generated)

. 
. * generate multiple imputation data sets
. ice cpi_ti pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon suffrageyear ODA if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1994
> , seed(123456) m(50) saving(wb_imputed, replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |        588       30.12       30.12
          1 |        592       30.33       60.45
          2 |         35        1.79       62.24
          . |        737       37.76      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      1,952      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
press3_in~e |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
womenXpre~3 |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
suffragey~r |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | cpi_ti pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg
            |         | log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp suffrageyear ODA
trade_imp~p | regress | cpi_ti pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg
            |         | log_gdp pct_protestant wecon suffrageyear ODA
     cpi_ti | regress | pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon suffrageyear ODA
        ODA | regress | cpi_ti pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg
            |         | log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon suffrageyear
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): reg cpi_ti l.cpi_ti pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon  suffragey
> ear ODA i.year i.region if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,144
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3415
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.5483
                                                Complete DF       =       1108
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     125.49
                                                        avg       =     434.06
                                                        max       =     861.66
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  35, 1058.4)   =     280.27
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .6802249   .0296985    22.90   0.000      .621535    .7389148
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0253164   .0063326    -4.00   0.000    -.0377534   -.0128794
press3_inverse |   .0100586   .0046763     2.15   0.032     .0008597    .0192574
  womenXpress3 |  -.0007892   .0002052    -3.85   0.000    -.0011923   -.0003861
        fh_neg |  -.1902591    .062747    -3.03   0.003    -.3137171   -.0668011
       log_gdp |  -.3425951   .0504443    -6.79   0.000    -.4419278   -.2432625
pct_protestant |  -.0028095   .0012021    -2.34   0.020    -.0051692   -.0004498
  trade_impexp |  -.0007187   .0007064    -1.02   0.309    -.0021059    .0006686
         wecon |  -.0171664   .0480585    -0.36   0.721    -.1116197    .0772869
  suffrageyear |  -.0009894   .0015024    -0.66   0.510    -.0039383    .0019594
           ODA |   -.000074   .0002106    -0.35   0.726    -.0004899    .0003419
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.2012466   .1681976    -1.20   0.234    -.5341178    .1316246
         1996  |  -.0487882   .1557923    -0.31   0.755    -.3564513    .2588749
         1997  |    .055273   .1586667     0.35   0.728    -.2582866    .3688326
         1998  |   .0201713   .1508007     0.13   0.894    -.2774102    .3177527
         1999  |  -.0495547   .1426443    -0.35   0.729    -.3307103    .2316009
         2001  |   .1297616   .1508988     0.86   0.391     -.168223    .4277463
         2002  |    .111057   .1284428     0.86   0.388    -.1415016    .3636156
         2003  |    .156997   .1331174     1.18   0.239    -.1049465    .4189405
         2004  |   .1855206   .1273073     1.46   0.146    -.0646964    .4357375
         2005  |   .2224791   .1304238     1.71   0.089    -.0339497    .4789079
         2006  |   .2614709   .1306143     2.00   0.046      .004751    .5181908
         2007  |   .2654693   .1320391     2.01   0.045     .0059447    .5249939
         2008  |   .3331853    .134653     2.47   0.014     .0685177    .5978529
         2009  |   .3433048   .1320294     2.60   0.010     .0838275     .602782
         2010  |    .355222   .1350685     2.63   0.009     .0897211    .6207228
               |
        region |
            2  |   .1696715   .1607204     1.06   0.292    -.1460189    .4853618
            3  |   .4674679   .1606367     2.91   0.004     .1520882    .7828476
            4  |   .2220616   .1681796     1.32   0.187    -.1080735    .5521968
            5  |    .060767   .1530741     0.40   0.692    -.2398091    .3613431
            6  |   .3239707   .1912811     1.69   0.091    -.0516378    .6995793
            7  |   .4555839   .1099238     4.14   0.000     .2397422    .6714256
            8  |   .4489507    .149134     3.01   0.003     .1558568    .7420447
            9  |   .6284553   .1398519     4.49   0.000     .3537697    .9031409
           10  |   .4942115   .1455169     3.40   0.001     .2084472    .7799757
               |
         _cons |   4.221984   .5414709     7.80   0.000     3.155291    5.288677
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. eststo press_est: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,144
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3415
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.5483
                                                Complete DF       =       1108
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     125.49
                                                        avg       =     434.06
                                                        max       =     861.66
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  35, 1058.4)   =     280.27
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .6802249   .0296985    22.90   0.000      .621535    .7389148
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0253164   .0063326    -4.00   0.000    -.0377534   -.0128794
press3_inverse |   .0100586   .0046763     2.15   0.032     .0008597    .0192574
  womenXpress3 |  -.0007892   .0002052    -3.85   0.000    -.0011923   -.0003861
        fh_neg |  -.1902591    .062747    -3.03   0.003    -.3137171   -.0668011
       log_gdp |  -.3425951   .0504443    -6.79   0.000    -.4419278   -.2432625
pct_protestant |  -.0028095   .0012021    -2.34   0.020    -.0051692   -.0004498
  trade_impexp |  -.0007187   .0007064    -1.02   0.309    -.0021059    .0006686
         wecon |  -.0171664   .0480585    -0.36   0.721    -.1116197    .0772869
  suffrageyear |  -.0009894   .0015024    -0.66   0.510    -.0039383    .0019594
           ODA |   -.000074   .0002106    -0.35   0.726    -.0004899    .0003419
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.2012466   .1681976    -1.20   0.234    -.5341178    .1316246
         1996  |  -.0487882   .1557923    -0.31   0.755    -.3564513    .2588749
         1997  |    .055273   .1586667     0.35   0.728    -.2582866    .3688326
         1998  |   .0201713   .1508007     0.13   0.894    -.2774102    .3177527
         1999  |  -.0495547   .1426443    -0.35   0.729    -.3307103    .2316009
         2001  |   .1297616   .1508988     0.86   0.391     -.168223    .4277463
         2002  |    .111057   .1284428     0.86   0.388    -.1415016    .3636156
         2003  |    .156997   .1331174     1.18   0.239    -.1049465    .4189405
         2004  |   .1855206   .1273073     1.46   0.146    -.0646964    .4357375
         2005  |   .2224791   .1304238     1.71   0.089    -.0339497    .4789079
         2006  |   .2614709   .1306143     2.00   0.046      .004751    .5181908
         2007  |   .2654693   .1320391     2.01   0.045     .0059447    .5249939
         2008  |   .3331853    .134653     2.47   0.014     .0685177    .5978529
         2009  |   .3433048   .1320294     2.60   0.010     .0838275     .602782
         2010  |    .355222   .1350685     2.63   0.009     .0897211    .6207228
               |
        region |
            2  |   .1696715   .1607204     1.06   0.292    -.1460189    .4853618
            3  |   .4674679   .1606367     2.91   0.004     .1520882    .7828476
            4  |   .2220616   .1681796     1.32   0.187    -.1080735    .5521968
            5  |    .060767   .1530741     0.40   0.692    -.2398091    .3613431
            6  |   .3239707   .1912811     1.69   0.091    -.0516378    .6995793
            7  |   .4555839   .1099238     4.14   0.000     .2397422    .6714256
            8  |   .4489507    .149134     3.01   0.003     .1558568    .7420447
            9  |   .6284553   .1398519     4.49   0.000     .3537697    .9031409
           10  |   .4942115   .1455169     3.40   0.001     .2084472    .7799757
               |
         _cons |   4.221984   .5414709     7.80   0.000     3.155291    5.288677
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. unique countryid if used==1
Number of unique values of countryid is  74
Number of records is  57200

. 
. 
. ***************************************************************************
. * parliamentary vs. presidential systems
. * TI Corruption Measure
. ****
. 
. * UNCHR Condemnation from the Lebovic and Voeten data set
. clear

. set more off 

. use jprworkdatanew.dta

. gen scode = CCODE

. rename YEAR year

. sort scode year

. save "jpr_merge.dta", replace
file jpr_merge.dta saved

. 
. * add COW codes to the Schwindt-Bayer/Tavits Data Set
. clear 

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. gen sname = country

. qui do "Name_to_COW.do"

. 
. * add women's suffrage count
. qui do "suffrage_year.do"

. drop if suffrageyear==.
(50 observations deleted)

. 
. * merge in the UNCHR condemnations and aid amounts
. sort scode year

. merge 1:1 scode year using "jpr_merge.dta", keepusing(WBCOMMIT ODA)

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                         4,116
        from master                       992  (_merge==1)
        from using                      3,124  (_merge==2)

    matched                               960  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. * set aid amounts to zero for donor countries
. replace ODA = 0 if countryid==4 | countryid==5 | countryid==8 | countryid==15 | countryid==25 | countryid==26 | countryid==35 | countryid=
> =36 | countryid==39 | countryid==41 | countryid==48 | countryid==51 | countryid==53 | countryid==55 | countryid==99 | countryid==76 | coun
> tryid==77 | countryid==81 | countryid==88 | countryid==89 | countryid==95 | countryid==96 | countryid==100 | countryid==102 | countryid==1
> 03 | countryid==109 | countryid==110
(560 real changes made)

. drop if _merge==2
(3,124 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * merge in Heritage Foundation Women's Economic Rights scores
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                            52
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                         52  (_merge==2)

    matched                             1,952  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(52 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * recode the DV
. rename cpi_ti cpi_ti_o

. gen cpi_ti = 10 - cpi_ti_o
(715 missing values generated)

. 
. * recode the presidentialism measure
. recode pres_new 2=1
(pres_new: 0 changes made)

. 
. * create interaction
. gen womenXpres=pctwomen*pres_new
(13 missing values generated)

. 
. * generate multiple imputation data sets
. ice cpi_ti pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon suffrageyear ODA if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1994, seed(1
> 23456) m(50) saving(wb_imputed, replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |        588       30.12       30.12
          1 |        592       30.33       60.45
          2 |         35        1.79       62.24
          . |        737       37.76      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      1,952      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
   pres_new |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
 womenXpres |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
suffragey~r |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | cpi_ti pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp suffrageyear ODA
trade_imp~p | regress | cpi_ti pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant wecon suffrageyear ODA
     cpi_ti | regress | pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon suffrageyear ODA
        ODA | regress | cpi_ti pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon suffrageyear
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): reg cpi_ti l.cpi_ti pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon suffrageyear ODA i
> .year i.region if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,144
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3423
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.5609
                                                Complete DF       =       1108
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     120.42
                                                        avg       =     470.00
                                                        max       =     860.64
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  35, 1058.3)   =     265.66
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .6796523   .0295385    23.01   0.000     .6212936     .738011
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0094388   .0040382    -2.34   0.020     -.017365   -.0015127
      pres_new |  -.1426899   .1144666    -1.25   0.213    -.3674094    .0820297
    womenXpres |   .0124604   .0059709     2.09   0.037     .0007408      .02418
        fh_neg |  -.1768773   .0414382    -4.27   0.000    -.2583022   -.0954525
       log_gdp |  -.3305299   .0511638    -6.46   0.000    -.4312647   -.2297951
pct_protestant |  -.0042953   .0011744    -3.66   0.000    -.0066009   -.0019896
  trade_impexp |  -.0007413   .0007324    -1.01   0.312    -.0021797     .000697
         wecon |  -.0384548   .0483592    -0.80   0.427    -.1334743    .0565647
  suffrageyear |  -.0016799   .0015734    -1.07   0.286     -.004768    .0014082
           ODA |  -.0000417   .0002187    -0.19   0.849    -.0004739    .0003906
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.2084227   .1752276    -1.19   0.237    -.5553486    .1385032
         1996  |  -.0885183   .1614111    -0.55   0.584    -.4073431    .2303065
         1997  |   .0341155   .1641835     0.21   0.836     -.290403     .358634
         1998  |   .0233145   .1582031     0.15   0.883    -.2890499     .335679
         1999  |  -.0711934   .1475859    -0.48   0.630    -.3621369      .21975
         2001  |   .1042896   .1566942     0.67   0.507    -.2052327    .4138119
         2002  |   .0807866   .1340049     0.60   0.547    -.1827968      .34437
         2003  |   .1244769   .1376514     0.90   0.367    -.1464373    .3953911
         2004  |   .1602448    .131247     1.22   0.223    -.0977489    .4182384
         2005  |   .2020603   .1342783     1.50   0.133    -.0619875    .4661081
         2006  |   .2558519   .1343014     1.91   0.057    -.0081506    .5198544
         2007  |   .2554016   .1361693     1.88   0.061    -.0122833    .5230865
         2008  |   .3254348   .1384014     2.35   0.019      .053368    .5975016
         2009  |   .3518234    .135912     2.59   0.010     .0846678     .618979
         2010  |   .3725075   .1391362     2.68   0.008     .0989481    .6460668
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0235738   .1605129    -0.15   0.883    -.3388246    .2916769
            3  |      .3779   .1696593     2.23   0.026     .0448464    .7109537
            4  |   .1040398   .1766878     0.59   0.556    -.2427803    .4508599
            5  |  -.0436018   .1648379    -0.26   0.791    -.3672013    .2799976
            6  |   .0975497   .2059115     0.47   0.636    -.3067141    .5018136
            7  |   .3746097   .1130052     3.31   0.001     .1527192    .5965002
            8  |   .4188021   .1549983     2.70   0.007     .1143208    .7232834
            9  |   .5571583   .1558711     3.57   0.000     .2510424    .8632742
           10  |   .3713771    .150906     2.46   0.014     .0750961    .6676582
               |
         _cons |   4.118933   .5519472     7.46   0.000     3.032023    5.205844
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. eststo prez_est: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,144
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3423
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.5609
                                                Complete DF       =       1108
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     120.42
                                                        avg       =     470.00
                                                        max       =     860.64
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  35, 1058.3)   =     265.66
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .6796523   .0295385    23.01   0.000     .6212936     .738011
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0094388   .0040382    -2.34   0.020     -.017365   -.0015127
      pres_new |  -.1426899   .1144666    -1.25   0.213    -.3674094    .0820297
    womenXpres |   .0124604   .0059709     2.09   0.037     .0007408      .02418
        fh_neg |  -.1768773   .0414382    -4.27   0.000    -.2583022   -.0954525
       log_gdp |  -.3305299   .0511638    -6.46   0.000    -.4312647   -.2297951
pct_protestant |  -.0042953   .0011744    -3.66   0.000    -.0066009   -.0019896
  trade_impexp |  -.0007413   .0007324    -1.01   0.312    -.0021797     .000697
         wecon |  -.0384548   .0483592    -0.80   0.427    -.1334743    .0565647
  suffrageyear |  -.0016799   .0015734    -1.07   0.286     -.004768    .0014082
           ODA |  -.0000417   .0002187    -0.19   0.849    -.0004739    .0003906
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.2084227   .1752276    -1.19   0.237    -.5553486    .1385032
         1996  |  -.0885183   .1614111    -0.55   0.584    -.4073431    .2303065
         1997  |   .0341155   .1641835     0.21   0.836     -.290403     .358634
         1998  |   .0233145   .1582031     0.15   0.883    -.2890499     .335679
         1999  |  -.0711934   .1475859    -0.48   0.630    -.3621369      .21975
         2001  |   .1042896   .1566942     0.67   0.507    -.2052327    .4138119
         2002  |   .0807866   .1340049     0.60   0.547    -.1827968      .34437
         2003  |   .1244769   .1376514     0.90   0.367    -.1464373    .3953911
         2004  |   .1602448    .131247     1.22   0.223    -.0977489    .4182384
         2005  |   .2020603   .1342783     1.50   0.133    -.0619875    .4661081
         2006  |   .2558519   .1343014     1.91   0.057    -.0081506    .5198544
         2007  |   .2554016   .1361693     1.88   0.061    -.0122833    .5230865
         2008  |   .3254348   .1384014     2.35   0.019      .053368    .5975016
         2009  |   .3518234    .135912     2.59   0.010     .0846678     .618979
         2010  |   .3725075   .1391362     2.68   0.008     .0989481    .6460668
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0235738   .1605129    -0.15   0.883    -.3388246    .2916769
            3  |      .3779   .1696593     2.23   0.026     .0448464    .7109537
            4  |   .1040398   .1766878     0.59   0.556    -.2427803    .4508599
            5  |  -.0436018   .1648379    -0.26   0.791    -.3672013    .2799976
            6  |   .0975497   .2059115     0.47   0.636    -.3067141    .5018136
            7  |   .3746097   .1130052     3.31   0.001     .1527192    .5965002
            8  |   .4188021   .1549983     2.70   0.007     .1143208    .7232834
            9  |   .5571583   .1558711     3.57   0.000     .2510424    .8632742
           10  |   .3713771    .150906     2.46   0.014     .0750961    .6676582
               |
         _cons |   4.118933   .5519472     7.46   0.000     3.032023    5.205844
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. unique countryid if used==1
Number of unique values of countryid is  74
Number of records is  57200

. 
. 
. *************************************************************************** 
. * personalist vs. party systems in the lower house (pers_lower)
. * ICRG Corruption Measure
. ****
. 
. * UNCHR Condemnation from the Lebovic and Voeten data set
. clear

. set more off 

. use jprworkdatanew.dta

. gen scode = CCODE

. rename YEAR year

. sort scode year

. save "jpr_merge.dta", replace
file jpr_merge.dta saved

. 
. * add COW codes to the Schwindt-Bayer/Tavits Data Set
. clear 

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. gen sname = country

. qui do "Name_to_COW.do"

. 
. * add women's suffrage count
. qui do "suffrage_year.do"

. drop if suffrageyear==.
(50 observations deleted)

. 
. * merge in the UNCHR condemnations and aid amounts
. sort scode year

. merge 1:1 scode year using "jpr_merge.dta", keepusing(WBCOMMIT ODA)

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                         4,116
        from master                       992  (_merge==1)
        from using                      3,124  (_merge==2)

    matched                               960  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. * set aid amounts to zero for donor countries
. replace ODA = 0 if countryid==4 | countryid==5 | countryid==8 | countryid==15 | countryid==25 | countryid==26 | countryid==35 | countryid=
> =36 | countryid==39 | countryid==41 | countryid==48 | countryid==51 | countryid==53 | countryid==55 | countryid==99 | countryid==76 | coun
> tryid==77 | countryid==81 | countryid==88 | countryid==89 | countryid==95 | countryid==96 | countryid==100 | countryid==102 | countryid==1
> 03 | countryid==109 | countryid==110
(560 real changes made)

. drop if _merge==2
(3,124 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. 
. * merge in Heritage Foundation Women's Economic Rights scores
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                            52
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                         52  (_merge==2)

    matched                             1,952  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(52 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * recode the DV
. rename cpi_ti cpi_ti_o

. gen cpi_ti = 10 - cpi_ti_o
(715 missing values generated)

. 
. * create interaction variable
. gen womenXpers=pctwomen*pers_lower
(45 missing values generated)

. 
. * generate multiple imputation data sets
. ice cpi_ti pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon suffrageyear ODA if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1994, seed
> (123456) m(50) saving(wb_imputed, replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |        588       30.12       30.12
          1 |        592       30.33       60.45
          2 |         35        1.79       62.24
          . |        737       37.76      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      1,952      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
 pers_lower |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
 womenXpers |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
suffragey~r |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | cpi_ti pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp suffrageyear ODA
trade_imp~p | regress | cpi_ti pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant wecon suffrageyear ODA
     cpi_ti | regress | pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon suffrageyear ODA
        ODA | regress | cpi_ti pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon suffrageyear
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): reg cpi_ti l.cpi_ti pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon suffrageyear ODA
>  i.year i.region if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,144
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3559
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.5682
                                                Complete DF       =       1108
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     117.61
                                                        avg       =     440.66
                                                        max       =     798.34
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  35, 1055.6)   =     265.19
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .6694211   .0301095    22.23   0.000      .609913    .7289292
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0014532   .0045013    -0.32   0.747    -.0102902    .0073838
    pers_lower |   .0101002   .0149701     0.67   0.500    -.0193008    .0395011
    womenXpers |  -.0023165   .0008987    -2.58   0.010    -.0040811   -.0005518
        fh_neg |  -.1854894   .0418281    -4.43   0.000    -.2676773   -.1033015
       log_gdp |  -.3333434   .0530397    -6.28   0.000    -.4378366   -.2288502
pct_protestant |   -.005356   .0012319    -4.35   0.000    -.0077747   -.0029374
  trade_impexp |   -.001448   .0007722    -1.88   0.061    -.0029649    .0000689
         wecon |  -.0105428   .0499601    -0.21   0.833    -.1087503    .0876647
  suffrageyear |   -.001608   .0015418    -1.04   0.297    -.0046345    .0014186
           ODA |  -.0000411   .0002298    -0.18   0.858    -.0004959    .0004136
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.2747058   .1784518    -1.54   0.126    -.6281011    .0786895
         1996  |  -.1264159   .1634767    -0.77   0.441    -.4493693    .1965375
         1997  |    .019898   .1661486     0.12   0.905    -.3085567    .3483527
         1998  |  -.0451235   .1592758    -0.28   0.777    -.3596045    .2693575
         1999  |  -.1017119    .148744    -0.68   0.495    -.3949476    .1915238
         2001  |   .0783851   .1579098     0.50   0.620    -.2335513    .3903215
         2002  |   .0527845   .1342718     0.39   0.694    -.2112966    .3168656
         2003  |   .1154084   .1386608     0.83   0.406    -.1574983    .3883151
         2004  |   .1544115   .1318892     1.17   0.242    -.1048352    .4136582
         2005  |   .2023958   .1349985     1.50   0.135    -.0630599    .4678514
         2006  |   .2812525   .1353636     2.08   0.038     .0151562    .5473488
         2007  |   .2618588   .1369577     1.91   0.057    -.0073743     .531092
         2008  |   .3541449   .1394284     2.54   0.011     .0800486    .6282411
         2009  |   .3605874   .1366752     2.64   0.009     .0919278    .6292469
         2010  |   .3700805   .1400582     2.64   0.009     .0946967    .6454643
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0462834   .1537096    -0.30   0.763    -.3481555    .2555887
            3  |   .3594522   .1710774     2.10   0.036     .0235642    .6953402
            4  |   .2293825   .1780503     1.29   0.198    -.1201493    .5789144
            5  |   .1072192    .155115     0.69   0.490    -.1972622    .4117006
            6  |  -.0176403   .2036262    -0.09   0.931    -.4175199    .3822394
            7  |   .3676447   .1149966     3.20   0.001     .1418199    .5934695
            8  |   .5279812   .1501892     3.52   0.000      .232937    .8230255
            9  |   .5358347   .1446306     3.70   0.000     .2517441    .8199254
           10  |   .2819682   .1457204     1.93   0.053    -.0041554    .5680917
               |
         _cons |   4.222773   .5684195     7.43   0.000     3.102562    5.342984
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. eststo personalism_est: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,144
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3559
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.5682
                                                Complete DF       =       1108
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     117.61
                                                        avg       =     440.66
                                                        max       =     798.34
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  35, 1055.6)   =     265.19
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .6694211   .0301095    22.23   0.000      .609913    .7289292
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0014532   .0045013    -0.32   0.747    -.0102902    .0073838
    pers_lower |   .0101002   .0149701     0.67   0.500    -.0193008    .0395011
    womenXpers |  -.0023165   .0008987    -2.58   0.010    -.0040811   -.0005518
        fh_neg |  -.1854894   .0418281    -4.43   0.000    -.2676773   -.1033015
       log_gdp |  -.3333434   .0530397    -6.28   0.000    -.4378366   -.2288502
pct_protestant |   -.005356   .0012319    -4.35   0.000    -.0077747   -.0029374
  trade_impexp |   -.001448   .0007722    -1.88   0.061    -.0029649    .0000689
         wecon |  -.0105428   .0499601    -0.21   0.833    -.1087503    .0876647
  suffrageyear |   -.001608   .0015418    -1.04   0.297    -.0046345    .0014186
           ODA |  -.0000411   .0002298    -0.18   0.858    -.0004959    .0004136
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.2747058   .1784518    -1.54   0.126    -.6281011    .0786895
         1996  |  -.1264159   .1634767    -0.77   0.441    -.4493693    .1965375
         1997  |    .019898   .1661486     0.12   0.905    -.3085567    .3483527
         1998  |  -.0451235   .1592758    -0.28   0.777    -.3596045    .2693575
         1999  |  -.1017119    .148744    -0.68   0.495    -.3949476    .1915238
         2001  |   .0783851   .1579098     0.50   0.620    -.2335513    .3903215
         2002  |   .0527845   .1342718     0.39   0.694    -.2112966    .3168656
         2003  |   .1154084   .1386608     0.83   0.406    -.1574983    .3883151
         2004  |   .1544115   .1318892     1.17   0.242    -.1048352    .4136582
         2005  |   .2023958   .1349985     1.50   0.135    -.0630599    .4678514
         2006  |   .2812525   .1353636     2.08   0.038     .0151562    .5473488
         2007  |   .2618588   .1369577     1.91   0.057    -.0073743     .531092
         2008  |   .3541449   .1394284     2.54   0.011     .0800486    .6282411
         2009  |   .3605874   .1366752     2.64   0.009     .0919278    .6292469
         2010  |   .3700805   .1400582     2.64   0.009     .0946967    .6454643
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0462834   .1537096    -0.30   0.763    -.3481555    .2555887
            3  |   .3594522   .1710774     2.10   0.036     .0235642    .6953402
            4  |   .2293825   .1780503     1.29   0.198    -.1201493    .5789144
            5  |   .1072192    .155115     0.69   0.490    -.1972622    .4117006
            6  |  -.0176403   .2036262    -0.09   0.931    -.4175199    .3822394
            7  |   .3676447   .1149966     3.20   0.001     .1418199    .5934695
            8  |   .5279812   .1501892     3.52   0.000      .232937    .8230255
            9  |   .5358347   .1446306     3.70   0.000     .2517441    .8199254
           10  |   .2819682   .1457204     1.93   0.053    -.0041554    .5680917
               |
         _cons |   4.222773   .5684195     7.43   0.000     3.102562    5.342984
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. unique countryid if used==1
Number of unique values of countryid is  74
Number of records is  57200

. 
. 
. esttab lag_est press_est prez_est personalism_est using add-controls.rtf, replace order(L.cpi_ti pctwomen lagXwomen press3_inverse womenXp
> ress3 pres_new womenXpres pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon) keep(L.cpi_ti pctwomen lagXwomen pres_ne
> w womenXpres press3_inverse womenXpress3 pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon suffrageyear ODA) mtitles(
> "lag DV" "press freedom" "presidentialism" "personalism") coeflabels(L.cpi_ti "lag TI CPI" pctwomen "% women in lower house" lagXwomen "% 
> women * lag DV" press3_inverse "press freedom" womenXpress3 "% women * press freedom"  pres_new "presidential system" womenXpres "% women 
> * presidentialism"  pers_lower "personalism" womenXpers "% women * personalism" fh_neg "FH Freedom" log_gdp "log GDP per capita" pct_prote
> stant "% protestant" trade_impexp "trade imbalance (% of GDP)" wecon "women's economic rights" suffrageyear "years since women's suffrage"
>  ODA "Official Development Assistance" _cons "constant") noabbrev wrap nogaps varwidth(35) align(r)
(output written to add-controls.rtf)

. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. **************************
. * lag the key independent variables as instruments
. * (reviewer-mandated additions)
. **************************
. 
. 
. 
. *********************************
. * Press freedom: use press3_inverse so that higher values are more freedom 
. *********************************
. 
. ****
. * Transparency International Measure
. ****
. 
. clear all

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. * recode the DV
. rename cpi_ti cpi_ti_o

. gen cpi_ti = 10 - cpi_ti_o
(739 missing values generated)

. 
. * create interaction variable
. gen womenXpress3=pctwomen*press3_inverse
(241 missing values generated)

. 
. eststo pressfree: ivregress 2sls cpi_ti l.cpi_ti fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region (pctwomen press3_inverse women
> Xpress3 = L2.pctwomen L2.press3_inverse L2.womenXpress3) if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1995  
note: 1990.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1991.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1992.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1993.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1994.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1995.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 2010.year omitted because of collinearity

Instrumental variables (2SLS) regression          Number of obs   =        933
                                                  Wald chi2(32)   =   54579.79
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
                                                  R-squared       =     0.9832
                                                  Root MSE        =     .30305

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      pctwomen |  -.0074048   .0031592    -2.34   0.019    -.0135968   -.0012129
press3_inverse |   .0071542   .0025378     2.82   0.005     .0021802    .0121283
  womenXpress3 |  -.0002519   .0001084    -2.32   0.020    -.0004642   -.0000395
               |
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .9186959   .0114294    80.38   0.000     .8962947    .9410971
               |
        fh_neg |   -.119206    .034038    -3.50   0.000    -.1859193   -.0524927
       log_gdp |  -.0773816   .0210992    -3.67   0.000    -.1187352    -.036028
pct_protestant |  -.0011199   .0006022    -1.86   0.063    -.0023002    .0000605
  trade_impexp |   .0000304   .0003451     0.09   0.930    -.0006459    .0007067
         wecon |    .038107   .0210274     1.81   0.070     -.003106      .07932
               |
          year |
         1990  |          0  (empty)
         1991  |          0  (empty)
         1992  |          0  (empty)
         1993  |          0  (empty)
         1994  |          0  (empty)
         1995  |          0  (empty)
         1996  |  -.1101125   .0676288    -1.63   0.103    -.2426625    .0224375
         1997  |  -.0502451   .0656786    -0.77   0.444    -.1789729    .0784827
         1998  |  -.0804754   .0637394    -1.26   0.207    -.2054024    .0444516
         1999  |  -.1371196   .0576569    -2.38   0.017     -.250125   -.0241143
         2000  |  -.0836631   .0579759    -1.44   0.149    -.1972939    .0299676
         2001  |  -.0777067   .0585083    -1.33   0.184    -.1923808    .0369673
         2002  |  -.0700989   .0553107    -1.27   0.205    -.1785058     .038308
         2003  |  -.0257622   .0537294    -0.48   0.632    -.1310699    .0795456
         2004  |  -.0751201   .0522006    -1.44   0.150    -.1774314    .0271913
         2005  |  -.0680662   .0516211    -1.32   0.187    -.1692417    .0331093
         2006  |  -.0268972   .0517844    -0.52   0.603    -.1283927    .0745984
         2007  |  -.0741792   .0511723    -1.45   0.147    -.1744751    .0261167
         2008  |  -.0071066   .0516494    -0.14   0.891    -.1083376    .0941243
         2009  |   .0327178   .0512663     0.64   0.523    -.0677623    .1331979
         2010  |          0  (omitted)
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0673148    .081179    -0.83   0.407    -.2264227    .0917932
            3  |   -.003931   .0832187    -0.05   0.962    -.1670367    .1591748
            4  |  -.0726175   .0760382    -0.96   0.340    -.2216496    .0764146
            5  |  -.1000739   .0790679    -1.27   0.206    -.2550441    .0548962
            6  |   .0337884   .0891214     0.38   0.705    -.1408863    .2084632
            7  |   .0514576   .0499698     1.03   0.303    -.0464814    .1493967
            8  |   .0355098    .079241     0.45   0.654    -.1197996    .1908193
            9  |    .060319    .060925     0.99   0.322    -.0590919    .1797299
           10  |   .0027229   .0711767     0.04   0.969    -.1367808    .1422266
               |
         _cons |   1.073703   .2269485     4.73   0.000      .628892    1.518514
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Instrumented:  pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3
Instruments:   L.cpi_ti fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon
               1996.year 1997.year 1998.year 1999.year 2000.year 2001.year
               2002.year 2003.year 2004.year 2005.year 2006.year 2007.year
               2008.year 2009.year 2.region 3.region 4.region 5.region
               6.region 7.region 8.region 9.region 10.region L2.pctwomen
               L2.press3_inverse L2.womenXpress3

. 
. unique countryid if e(sample)
Number of unique values of countryid is  75
Number of records is  933

. tab year if e(sample)

       Year |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
       1996 |         35        3.75        3.75
       1997 |         39        4.18        7.93
       1998 |         42        4.50       12.43
       1999 |         60        6.43       18.86
       2000 |         57        6.11       24.97
       2001 |         57        6.11       31.08
       2002 |         66        7.07       38.16
       2003 |         70        7.50       45.66
       2004 |         74        7.93       53.59
       2005 |         75        8.04       61.63
       2006 |         73        7.82       69.45
       2007 |         72        7.72       77.17
       2008 |         72        7.72       84.89
       2009 |         71        7.61       92.50
       2010 |         70        7.50      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |        933      100.00

. 
. ***************************************************************************
. * parliamentary vs. presidential systems
. ***************************************************************************
. 
. * create interaction
. gen womenXpres=pctwomen*pres_new
(13 missing values generated)

. 
. ****
. * Transparency International Measure
. ****
. 
. eststo president: ivregress 2sls cpi_ti l.cpi_ti pres_new fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region (pctwomen womenXpres 
> = L2.pctwomen L2.womenXpres) if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1995
note: 1990.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1991.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1992.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1993.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1994.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1995.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 2010.year omitted because of collinearity

Instrumental variables (2SLS) regression          Number of obs   =        933
                                                  Wald chi2(32)   =   54432.20
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
                                                  R-squared       =     0.9831
                                                  Root MSE        =     .30345

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      pctwomen |  -.0016544   .0019549    -0.85   0.397     -.005486    .0021772
    womenXpres |   .0037491   .0029224     1.28   0.200    -.0019788    .0094769
               |
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .9230127   .0112625    81.95   0.000     .9009386    .9450869
               |
      pres_new |  -.0346905   .0546267    -0.64   0.525    -.1417567    .0723758
        fh_neg |  -.0618042   .0186144    -3.32   0.001    -.0982877   -.0253207
       log_gdp |  -.0739203   .0209066    -3.54   0.000    -.1148964   -.0329441
pct_protestant |  -.0012685   .0005302    -2.39   0.017    -.0023077   -.0002293
  trade_impexp |   .0000261   .0003468     0.08   0.940    -.0006536    .0007059
         wecon |   .0245911   .0206838     1.19   0.234    -.0159485    .0651307
               |
          year |
         1990  |          0  (empty)
         1991  |          0  (empty)
         1992  |          0  (empty)
         1993  |          0  (empty)
         1994  |          0  (empty)
         1995  |          0  (empty)
         1996  |  -.0909492   .0658955    -1.38   0.168    -.2201019    .0382036
         1997  |  -.0261495   .0637175    -0.41   0.682    -.1510334    .0987344
         1998  |  -.0594874   .0622583    -0.96   0.339    -.1815114    .0625366
         1999  |  -.1227135   .0565329    -2.17   0.030     -.233516   -.0119111
         2000  |  -.0672143   .0568541    -1.18   0.237    -.1786462    .0442176
         2001  |  -.0568046    .056751    -1.00   0.317    -.1680346    .0544254
         2002  |  -.0605242     .05448    -1.11   0.267    -.1673029    .0462546
         2003  |  -.0261738    .053041    -0.49   0.622    -.1301322    .0777846
         2004  |  -.0781234   .0517871    -1.51   0.131    -.1796242    .0233774
         2005  |  -.0758304   .0513849    -1.48   0.140    -.1765431    .0248822
         2006  |  -.0336982    .051732    -0.65   0.515     -.135091    .0676947
         2007  |  -.0776244   .0511058    -1.52   0.129    -.1777898    .0225411
         2008  |   -.015743   .0516308    -0.30   0.760    -.1169376    .0854516
         2009  |   .0306934   .0513269     0.60   0.550    -.0699054    .1312922
         2010  |          0  (omitted)
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.1280022   .0759158    -1.69   0.092    -.2767944      .02079
            3  |  -.0100563   .0770649    -0.13   0.896    -.1611008    .1409882
            4  |  -.0872794    .073221    -1.19   0.233    -.2307898    .0562311
            5  |  -.0821721   .0725365    -1.13   0.257    -.2243411    .0599968
            6  |  -.0066666   .0834522    -0.08   0.936    -.1702299    .1568967
            7  |   .0218331   .0497915     0.44   0.661    -.0757564    .1194226
            8  |     .06867    .071503     0.96   0.337    -.0714733    .2088133
            9  |   .0415565   .0585238     0.71   0.478     -.073148     .156261
           10  |  -.0079205   .0636608    -0.12   0.901    -.1326934    .1168523
               |
         _cons |   .9589114   .2340044     4.10   0.000     .5002711    1.417552
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Instrumented:  pctwomen womenXpres
Instruments:   L.cpi_ti pres_new fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp
               wecon 1996.year 1997.year 1998.year 1999.year 2000.year
               2001.year 2002.year 2003.year 2004.year 2005.year 2006.year
               2007.year 2008.year 2009.year 2.region 3.region 4.region
               5.region 6.region 7.region 8.region 9.region 10.region
               L2.pctwomen L2.womenXpres

. 
. unique countryid if e(sample)
Number of unique values of countryid is  75
Number of records is  933

. tab year if e(sample)

       Year |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
       1996 |         35        3.75        3.75
       1997 |         39        4.18        7.93
       1998 |         42        4.50       12.43
       1999 |         60        6.43       18.86
       2000 |         57        6.11       24.97
       2001 |         57        6.11       31.08
       2002 |         66        7.07       38.16
       2003 |         70        7.50       45.66
       2004 |         74        7.93       53.59
       2005 |         75        8.04       61.63
       2006 |         73        7.82       69.45
       2007 |         72        7.72       77.17
       2008 |         72        7.72       84.89
       2009 |         71        7.61       92.50
       2010 |         70        7.50      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |        933      100.00

. 
. 
. *************************************************************************** 
. * personalist vs. party systems in the lower house (pers_lower)
. ***************************************************************************
. 
. * create interaction variable
. gen womenXpers=pctwomen*pers_lower
(45 missing values generated)

.  
. eststo personalism: ivregress 2sls cpi_ti l.cpi_ti fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region (pctwomen pers_lower womenXp
> ers = L2.pctwomen L2.pers_lower L2.womenXpers) if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1995
note: 1990.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1991.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1992.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1993.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1994.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1995.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 2010.year omitted because of collinearity

Instrumental variables (2SLS) regression          Number of obs   =        933
                                                  Wald chi2(32)   =   54613.39
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
                                                  R-squared       =     0.9832
                                                  Root MSE        =     .30296

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      pctwomen |   .0013771   .0022952     0.60   0.548    -.0031213    .0058756
    pers_lower |   .0077493   .0086309     0.90   0.369    -.0091669    .0246654
    womenXpers |   -.001102   .0005034    -2.19   0.029    -.0020886   -.0001154
               |
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .9176301   .0113277    81.01   0.000     .8954283    .9398319
               |
        fh_neg |  -.0652088   .0186358    -3.50   0.000    -.1017343   -.0286833
       log_gdp |  -.0750072   .0205088    -3.66   0.000    -.1152036   -.0348108
pct_protestant |   -.001528   .0005317    -2.87   0.004      -.00257    -.000486
  trade_impexp |  -.0001906   .0003538    -0.54   0.590     -.000884    .0005028
         wecon |   .0306366   .0207003     1.48   0.139    -.0099353    .0712085
               |
          year |
         1990  |          0  (empty)
         1991  |          0  (empty)
         1992  |          0  (empty)
         1993  |          0  (empty)
         1994  |          0  (empty)
         1995  |          0  (empty)
         1996  |  -.1150078    .066027    -1.74   0.082    -.2444184    .0144028
         1997  |  -.0509411   .0638084    -0.80   0.425    -.1760032     .074121
         1998  |  -.0826375   .0623043    -1.33   0.185    -.2047517    .0394768
         1999  |  -.1437781   .0565933    -2.54   0.011     -.254699   -.0328573
         2000  |  -.0800017    .056713    -1.41   0.158    -.1911571    .0311537
         2001  |  -.0702433   .0565764    -1.24   0.214    -.1811311    .0406444
         2002  |  -.0746559   .0542921    -1.38   0.169    -.1810665    .0317548
         2003  |  -.0373176   .0528371    -0.71   0.480    -.1408763    .0662412
         2004  |   -.089077   .0516904    -1.72   0.085    -.1903884    .0122343
         2005  |  -.0822854   .0512691    -1.60   0.109     -.182771    .0182002
         2006  |  -.0338815   .0516347    -0.66   0.512    -.1350836    .0673207
         2007  |  -.0788815   .0510303    -1.55   0.122    -.1788991     .021136
         2008  |  -.0115249   .0515585    -0.22   0.823    -.1125777    .0895278
         2009  |   .0290283   .0512432     0.57   0.571    -.0714066    .1294632
         2010  |          0  (omitted)
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.1633893   .0729369    -2.24   0.025    -.3063431   -.0204355
            3  |  -.0455425   .0799662    -0.57   0.569    -.2022734    .1111885
            4  |  -.0616724   .0746216    -0.83   0.409     -.207928    .0845833
            5  |  -.0217099   .0747858    -0.29   0.772    -.1682873    .1248675
            6  |  -.0536646   .0876234    -0.61   0.540    -.2254033    .1180741
            7  |   .0221091   .0489272     0.45   0.651    -.0737864    .1180046
            8  |    .114711   .0728531     1.57   0.115    -.0280785    .2575006
            9  |   .0257511   .0571318     0.45   0.652     -.086225    .1377273
           10  |     -.0466   .0625405    -0.75   0.456    -.1691772    .0759771
               |
         _cons |   1.020789   .2284374     4.47   0.000     .5730596    1.468518
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Instrumented:  pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers
Instruments:   L.cpi_ti fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon
               1996.year 1997.year 1998.year 1999.year 2000.year 2001.year
               2002.year 2003.year 2004.year 2005.year 2006.year 2007.year
               2008.year 2009.year 2.region 3.region 4.region 5.region
               6.region 7.region 8.region 9.region 10.region L2.pctwomen
               L2.pers_lower L2.womenXpers

. 
. unique countryid if e(sample)
Number of unique values of countryid is  75
Number of records is  933

. tab year if e(sample)

       Year |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
       1996 |         35        3.75        3.75
       1997 |         39        4.18        7.93
       1998 |         42        4.50       12.43
       1999 |         60        6.43       18.86
       2000 |         57        6.11       24.97
       2001 |         57        6.11       31.08
       2002 |         66        7.07       38.16
       2003 |         70        7.50       45.66
       2004 |         74        7.93       53.59
       2005 |         75        8.04       61.63
       2006 |         73        7.82       69.45
       2007 |         72        7.72       77.17
       2008 |         72        7.72       84.89
       2009 |         71        7.61       92.50
       2010 |         70        7.50      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |        933      100.00

. 
. 
. 
. 
. esttab pressfree president personalism using endolag.rtf, replace order(L.cpi_ti pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 pres_new womenXpres 
> pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon) keep(L.cpi_ti pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 pres_new womenX
> pres pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon) mtitles("press freedom" "presidentialism" "personalism") coef
> labels(L.cpi_ti "lag TI CPI" pctwomen "% women in lower house" press3_inverse "press freedom" womenXpress3 "% women * press freedom" pres_
> new "presidential system" womenXpres "% women * presidentialism" pers_lower "personalism" womenXpers "% women * personalism" fh_neg "FH Fr
> eedom" log_gdp "log GDP per capita" pct_protestant "% protestant" trade_impexp "trade imbalance (% of GDP)" wecon "women's economic rights
> " _cons "constant") noabbrev wrap gaps varwidth(30) align(r)
(output written to endolag.rtf)

. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. *********************************************************
. *********************************************************
. * add additional measures of accountability
. * (reviewer-mandated additions)
. *********************************************************
. *********************************************************
. 
. ****
. * democracy level
. * Transparency International Measure
. ****
. 
. clear all

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. * recode the DV
. rename cpi_ti cpi_ti_o

. gen cpi_ti = 10 - cpi_ti_o
(739 missing values generated)

. 
. * create interaction variable
. gen womenXdem=pctwomen*polity2
(13 missing values generated)

. 
. * generate multiple imputation data sets
. ice cpi_ti pctwomen polity2 womenXdem fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1994, seed(123456) m(50) saving
> (wb_imputed, replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      1,016       50.75       50.75
          1 |        228       11.39       62.14
          2 |          5        0.25       62.39
          . |        753       37.61      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    polity2 |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
  womenXdem |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | cpi_ti pctwomen polity2 womenXdem fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp
trade_imp~p | regress | cpi_ti pctwomen polity2 womenXdem fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant wecon
     cpi_ti | regress | pctwomen polity2 womenXdem fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): reg cpi_ti l.cpi_ti pctwomen polity2 womenXdem fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region if e
> xclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,176
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3796
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6078
                                                Complete DF       =       1142
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     104.48
                                                        avg       =     420.96
                                                        max       =     892.84
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  33, 1078.3)   =     278.06
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .6765891   .0329326    20.54   0.000      .611286    .7418921
               |
      pctwomen |   .0274403   .0139933     1.96   0.050    -.0000441    .0549248
       polity2 |   .0378664   .0306437     1.24   0.217    -.0223722    .0981051
     womenXdem |  -.0038628   .0016063    -2.40   0.016    -.0070172   -.0007084
        fh_neg |  -.1658825   .0510083    -3.25   0.001    -.2660973   -.0656677
       log_gdp |  -.3346695    .047147    -7.10   0.000    -.4275655   -.2417736
pct_protestant |    -.00438   .0012284    -3.57   0.000    -.0067936   -.0019664
  trade_impexp |  -.0005691    .000741    -0.77   0.443    -.0020254    .0008872
         wecon |  -.0425514   .0478211    -0.89   0.374    -.1365166    .0514137
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.2157628   .1710428    -1.26   0.209    -.5542499    .1227243
         1996  |   -.111576    .175156    -0.64   0.525    -.4584747    .2353227
         1997  |   .0179856   .1574998     0.11   0.909    -.2930323    .3290034
         1998  |  -.0084847    .171494    -0.05   0.961     -.347978    .3310085
         1999  |  -.0941338   .1442004    -0.65   0.515    -.3782893    .1900216
         2001  |   .0951262   .1687551     0.56   0.574    -.2390249    .4292772
         2002  |   .0721679   .1328848     0.54   0.587    -.1892144    .3335501
         2003  |   .1241934   .1349698     0.92   0.358    -.1413706    .3897575
         2004  |   .1457087   .1345758     1.08   0.280    -.1190322    .4104496
         2005  |   .1892904   .1328536     1.42   0.155    -.0719551    .4505358
         2006  |   .2460412   .1361576     1.81   0.072    -.0217711    .5138536
         2007  |   .2503261   .1363614     1.84   0.067    -.0178279    .5184801
         2008  |   .3097187   .1371474     2.26   0.024     .0400658    .5793716
         2009  |   .3370191   .1360607     2.48   0.014     .0694753    .6045628
         2010  |   .3529115   .1397863     2.52   0.012     .0779379    .6278851
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0061997   .1479343    -0.04   0.967    -.2966293    .2842299
            3  |   .3683583   .1567223     2.35   0.019     .0605741    .6761425
            4  |   .1157612   .1606169     0.72   0.471    -.1994696     .430992
            5  |   .0031318   .1486152     0.02   0.983    -.2885841    .2948476
            6  |   .1267155   .1805791     0.70   0.483    -.2277021    .4811331
            7  |   .4089307   .1061631     3.85   0.000     .2004402    .6174212
            8  |   .4255813   .1355697     3.14   0.002     .1593234    .6918393
            9  |   .5206085   .1281457     4.06   0.000     .2687738    .7724432
           10  |   .3798265   .1383777     2.74   0.006     .1080957    .6515573
               |
         _cons |   3.727113   .5888017     6.33   0.000     2.567348    4.886878
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. eststo dem_est: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,176
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3796
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6078
                                                Complete DF       =       1142
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     104.48
                                                        avg       =     420.96
                                                        max       =     892.84
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  33, 1078.3)   =     278.06
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .6765891   .0329326    20.54   0.000      .611286    .7418921
               |
      pctwomen |   .0274403   .0139933     1.96   0.050    -.0000441    .0549248
       polity2 |   .0378664   .0306437     1.24   0.217    -.0223722    .0981051
     womenXdem |  -.0038628   .0016063    -2.40   0.016    -.0070172   -.0007084
        fh_neg |  -.1658825   .0510083    -3.25   0.001    -.2660973   -.0656677
       log_gdp |  -.3346695    .047147    -7.10   0.000    -.4275655   -.2417736
pct_protestant |    -.00438   .0012284    -3.57   0.000    -.0067936   -.0019664
  trade_impexp |  -.0005691    .000741    -0.77   0.443    -.0020254    .0008872
         wecon |  -.0425514   .0478211    -0.89   0.374    -.1365166    .0514137
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.2157628   .1710428    -1.26   0.209    -.5542499    .1227243
         1996  |   -.111576    .175156    -0.64   0.525    -.4584747    .2353227
         1997  |   .0179856   .1574998     0.11   0.909    -.2930323    .3290034
         1998  |  -.0084847    .171494    -0.05   0.961     -.347978    .3310085
         1999  |  -.0941338   .1442004    -0.65   0.515    -.3782893    .1900216
         2001  |   .0951262   .1687551     0.56   0.574    -.2390249    .4292772
         2002  |   .0721679   .1328848     0.54   0.587    -.1892144    .3335501
         2003  |   .1241934   .1349698     0.92   0.358    -.1413706    .3897575
         2004  |   .1457087   .1345758     1.08   0.280    -.1190322    .4104496
         2005  |   .1892904   .1328536     1.42   0.155    -.0719551    .4505358
         2006  |   .2460412   .1361576     1.81   0.072    -.0217711    .5138536
         2007  |   .2503261   .1363614     1.84   0.067    -.0178279    .5184801
         2008  |   .3097187   .1371474     2.26   0.024     .0400658    .5793716
         2009  |   .3370191   .1360607     2.48   0.014     .0694753    .6045628
         2010  |   .3529115   .1397863     2.52   0.012     .0779379    .6278851
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0061997   .1479343    -0.04   0.967    -.2966293    .2842299
            3  |   .3683583   .1567223     2.35   0.019     .0605741    .6761425
            4  |   .1157612   .1606169     0.72   0.471    -.1994696     .430992
            5  |   .0031318   .1486152     0.02   0.983    -.2885841    .2948476
            6  |   .1267155   .1805791     0.70   0.483    -.2277021    .4811331
            7  |   .4089307   .1061631     3.85   0.000     .2004402    .6174212
            8  |   .4255813   .1355697     3.14   0.002     .1593234    .6918393
            9  |   .5206085   .1281457     4.06   0.000     .2687738    .7724432
           10  |   .3798265   .1383777     2.74   0.006     .1080957    .6515573
               |
         _cons |   3.727113   .5888017     6.33   0.000     2.567348    4.886878
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. unique countryid if used==1
Number of unique values of countryid is  76
Number of records is  58800

. 
. mibeta cpi_ti l.cpi_ti pctwomen polity2 womenXdem fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,176
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3796
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6068
                                                Complete DF       =       1142
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     104.48
                                                        avg       =     420.96
                                                        max       =     892.84
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  33, 1078.3)   =     278.06
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .6765891   .0329326    20.54   0.000      .611286    .7418921
               |
      pctwomen |   .0274403   .0139933     1.96   0.050    -.0000441    .0549248
       polity2 |   .0378664   .0306437     1.24   0.217    -.0223722    .0981051
     womenXdem |  -.0038628   .0016063    -2.40   0.016    -.0070172   -.0007084
        fh_neg |  -.1658825   .0510083    -3.25   0.001    -.2660973   -.0656677
       log_gdp |  -.3346695    .047147    -7.10   0.000    -.4275655   -.2417736
pct_protestant |    -.00438   .0012284    -3.57   0.000    -.0067936   -.0019664
  trade_impexp |  -.0005691    .000741    -0.77   0.443    -.0020254    .0008872
         wecon |  -.0425514   .0478211    -0.89   0.374    -.1365166    .0514137
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.2157628   .1710428    -1.26   0.209    -.5542499    .1227243
         1996  |   -.111576    .175156    -0.64   0.525    -.4584747    .2353227
         1997  |   .0179856   .1574998     0.11   0.909    -.2930323    .3290034
         1998  |  -.0084847    .171494    -0.05   0.961     -.347978    .3310085
         1999  |  -.0941338   .1442004    -0.65   0.515    -.3782893    .1900216
         2001  |   .0951262   .1687551     0.56   0.574    -.2390249    .4292772
         2002  |   .0721679   .1328848     0.54   0.587    -.1892144    .3335501
         2003  |   .1241934   .1349698     0.92   0.358    -.1413706    .3897575
         2004  |   .1457087   .1345758     1.08   0.280    -.1190322    .4104496
         2005  |   .1892904   .1328536     1.42   0.155    -.0719551    .4505358
         2006  |   .2460412   .1361576     1.81   0.072    -.0217711    .5138536
         2007  |   .2503261   .1363614     1.84   0.067    -.0178279    .5184801
         2008  |   .3097187   .1371474     2.26   0.024     .0400658    .5793716
         2009  |   .3370191   .1360607     2.48   0.014     .0694753    .6045628
         2010  |   .3529115   .1397863     2.52   0.012     .0779379    .6278851
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0061997   .1479343    -0.04   0.967    -.2966293    .2842299
            3  |   .3683583   .1567223     2.35   0.019     .0605741    .6761425
            4  |   .1157612   .1606169     0.72   0.471    -.1994696     .430992
            5  |   .0031318   .1486152     0.02   0.983    -.2885841    .2948476
            6  |   .1267155   .1805791     0.70   0.483    -.2277021    .4811331
            7  |   .4089307   .1061631     3.85   0.000     .2004402    .6174212
            8  |   .4255813   .1355697     3.14   0.002     .1593234    .6918393
            9  |   .5206085   .1281457     4.06   0.000     .2687738    .7724432
           10  |   .3798265   .1383777     2.74   0.006     .1080957    .6515573
               |
         _cons |   3.727113   .5888017     6.33   0.000     2.567348    4.886878
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Standardized coefficients and R-squared
Summary statistics over 50 imputations

             |       mean       min        p25     median        p75       max
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      cpi_ti |
         L1. |   .6797823      .618   .6648999   .6801696   .6998357      .736
             |
    pctwomen |   .1170801       .05   .1014793   .1180116   .1373439      .164
     polity2 |   .0305863    .00477   .0231076   .0300273   .0400882     .0542
   womenXdem |  -.1678333     -.217  -.1869554  -.1690909  -.1501786     -.101
      fh_neg |  -.0714937    -.0992   -.078891  -.0709144  -.0640794    -.0519
     log_gdp |  -.2089703      -.25  -.2198293  -.2093153  -.1954027      -.18
pct_protes~t |   -.049158    -.0624  -.0531046  -.0489218  -.0455684    -.0314
trade_impexp |  -.0091456    -.0233  -.0128419  -.0082123  -.0048197    .00155
       wecon |  -.0119127    -.0323  -.0162094  -.0124397   -.006645   -.00111
             |
        year |
       1995  |  -.0214204    -.0534  -.0297611  -.0198313  -.0128752   -.00024
       1996  |   -.011051    -.0324  -.0218993  -.0118971  -.0024603     .0212
       1997  |   .0017932     -.028   -.005012   .0001797   .0086243     .0234
       1998  |  -.0008235    -.0224   -.010698   -.001463   .0072823     .0252
       1999  |  -.0095829    -.0323  -.0145168  -.0107935  -.0043592     .0146
       2001  |   .0098856    -.0161   -.000478   .0101205   .0200324     .0366
       2002  |   .0074907   -.00534   .0020755   .0063018   .0121059     .0246
       2003  |   .0128937   -.00506   .0074948   .0132958   .0172445     .0344
       2004  |    .015124    .00243   .0095356   .0152752   .0205659     .0324
       2005  |   .0196458    .00492   .0154924   .0191948   .0245117     .0382
       2006  |   .0253773    .00804   .0203345   .0250672   .0307594     .0444
       2007  |   .0256543     .0129   .0199694   .0261094   .0312423     .0449
       2008  |    .031742     .0176   .0269006   .0314142   .0377311     .0507
       2009  |   .0343208     .0197   .0298444   .0343122   .0401919     .0537
       2010  |   .0359358     .0199   .0306341    .035255   .0403879     .0574
             |
      region |
          2  |   -.000501   -.00962  -.0031197  -.0005786   .0018902      .011
          3  |   .0307521     .0192   .0276438   .0306665   .0337569     .0442
          4  |   .0091698    .00114   .0061708   .0091976   .0121448     .0164
          5  |   .0002601    -.0091  -.0026542   .0000124   .0026464    .00975
          6  |   .0086997  -.000984   .0067459    .009519   .0107597     .0165
          7  |   .0740238     .0588   .0684398   .0736883   .0780087     .0949
          8  |   .0452151     .0334   .0404614   .0455193   .0484624     .0621
          9  |   .0792715     .0592   .0736862   .0793732   .0838811      .106
         10  |   .0689189     .0502   .0625891   .0677715   .0750959     .0946
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
    R-square |   .9178087      .901    .913733   .9180739   .9227001       .93
Adj R-square |   .9154337      .899   .9112402   .9157065   .9204664      .928
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. ****
. * electoral quotas
. * Transparency International Measure
. ****
. 
. clear

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. * recode the DV
. rename cpi_ti cpi_ti_o

. gen cpi_ti = 10 - cpi_ti_o
(739 missing values generated)

. 
. * create interaction variable
. gen noquota = 1 - quota

. gen womenXnoquota=pctwomen*noquota
(13 missing values generated)

. 
. * generate multiple imputation data sets
. ice cpi_ti pctwomen noquota womenXnoquota fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1994, seed(123456) m(50) sa
> ving(wb_imputed, replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      1,016       50.75       50.75
          1 |        228       11.39       62.14
          2 |          5        0.25       62.39
          . |        753       37.61      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    noquota |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
womenXnoq~a |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | cpi_ti pctwomen noquota womenXnoquota fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp
trade_imp~p | regress | cpi_ti pctwomen noquota womenXnoquota fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant wecon
     cpi_ti | regress | pctwomen noquota womenXnoquota fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): reg cpi_ti l.cpi_ti pctwomen noquota womenXnoquota fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region 
> if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,176
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3774
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6012
                                                Complete DF       =       1142
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     106.65
                                                        avg       =     438.73
                                                        max       =     868.47
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  33, 1078.8)   =     296.62
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .6815028    .032593    20.91   0.000     .6168886    .7461171
               |
      pctwomen |   .0010711    .005068     0.21   0.833    -.0088759    .0110182
       noquota |   -.017913   .1184648    -0.15   0.880    -.2505971    .2147711
 womenXnoquota |  -.0123701   .0057363    -2.16   0.031    -.0236304   -.0011098
        fh_neg |  -.1881044    .040733    -4.62   0.000     -.268184   -.1080248
       log_gdp |  -.3074257   .0446587    -6.88   0.000    -.3953586   -.2194927
pct_protestant |   -.003829   .0011487    -3.33   0.001    -.0060855   -.0015726
  trade_impexp |  -.0006217   .0007062    -0.88   0.379    -.0020099    .0007665
         wecon |  -.0496065   .0462856    -1.07   0.284    -.1405579    .0413449
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.2309357   .1660992    -1.39   0.167    -.5595937    .0977224
         1996  |  -.1117527   .1718609    -0.65   0.517    -.4521968    .2286913
         1997  |   .0102571   .1537257     0.07   0.947    -.2933406    .3138548
         1998  |  -.0504045   .1670905    -0.30   0.763    -.3811992    .2803903
         1999  |  -.1011686   .1406173    -0.72   0.473    -.3782838    .1759466
         2001  |   .0416074   .1644936     0.25   0.801    -.2841292     .367344
         2002  |    .033824   .1293987     0.26   0.794    -.2207092    .2883571
         2003  |    .093009   .1313628     0.71   0.479    -.1654656    .3514837
         2004  |    .108151   .1308277     0.83   0.409     -.149218    .3655199
         2005  |   .1439485   .1292649     1.11   0.266     -.110245    .3981419
         2006  |   .1980319   .1324013     1.50   0.136    -.0623927    .4584565
         2007  |   .1935178   .1323854     1.46   0.145    -.0668008    .4538364
         2008  |    .245983   .1329301     1.85   0.065    -.0153563    .5073224
         2009  |   .2706493   .1320956     2.05   0.041     .0109212    .5303773
         2010  |   .2924953      .1353     2.16   0.031     .0263864    .5586043
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.1215774   .1369157    -0.89   0.375    -.3903995    .1472447
            3  |    .218458   .1476023     1.48   0.139    -.0713783    .5082943
            4  |  -.0342347   .1534381    -0.22   0.823    -.3353902    .2669208
            5  |  -.1113005   .1382224    -0.81   0.421    -.3826769    .1600758
            6  |  -.0124272   .1693787    -0.07   0.942    -.3448674     .320013
            7  |   .2279321   .1019187     2.24   0.026     .0278142    .4280501
            8  |   .3204857   .1287311     2.49   0.013     .0676857    .5732858
            9  |   .4421516    .116979     3.78   0.000     .2123119    .6719912
           10  |   .2364138   .1255726     1.88   0.060    -.0101287    .4829563
               |
         _cons |   3.953975   .5212102     7.59   0.000     2.925929    4.982022
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. eststo quota_est: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,176
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3774
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6012
                                                Complete DF       =       1142
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     106.65
                                                        avg       =     438.73
                                                        max       =     868.47
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  33, 1078.8)   =     296.62
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .6815028    .032593    20.91   0.000     .6168886    .7461171
               |
      pctwomen |   .0010711    .005068     0.21   0.833    -.0088759    .0110182
       noquota |   -.017913   .1184648    -0.15   0.880    -.2505971    .2147711
 womenXnoquota |  -.0123701   .0057363    -2.16   0.031    -.0236304   -.0011098
        fh_neg |  -.1881044    .040733    -4.62   0.000     -.268184   -.1080248
       log_gdp |  -.3074257   .0446587    -6.88   0.000    -.3953586   -.2194927
pct_protestant |   -.003829   .0011487    -3.33   0.001    -.0060855   -.0015726
  trade_impexp |  -.0006217   .0007062    -0.88   0.379    -.0020099    .0007665
         wecon |  -.0496065   .0462856    -1.07   0.284    -.1405579    .0413449
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.2309357   .1660992    -1.39   0.167    -.5595937    .0977224
         1996  |  -.1117527   .1718609    -0.65   0.517    -.4521968    .2286913
         1997  |   .0102571   .1537257     0.07   0.947    -.2933406    .3138548
         1998  |  -.0504045   .1670905    -0.30   0.763    -.3811992    .2803903
         1999  |  -.1011686   .1406173    -0.72   0.473    -.3782838    .1759466
         2001  |   .0416074   .1644936     0.25   0.801    -.2841292     .367344
         2002  |    .033824   .1293987     0.26   0.794    -.2207092    .2883571
         2003  |    .093009   .1313628     0.71   0.479    -.1654656    .3514837
         2004  |    .108151   .1308277     0.83   0.409     -.149218    .3655199
         2005  |   .1439485   .1292649     1.11   0.266     -.110245    .3981419
         2006  |   .1980319   .1324013     1.50   0.136    -.0623927    .4584565
         2007  |   .1935178   .1323854     1.46   0.145    -.0668008    .4538364
         2008  |    .245983   .1329301     1.85   0.065    -.0153563    .5073224
         2009  |   .2706493   .1320956     2.05   0.041     .0109212    .5303773
         2010  |   .2924953      .1353     2.16   0.031     .0263864    .5586043
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.1215774   .1369157    -0.89   0.375    -.3903995    .1472447
            3  |    .218458   .1476023     1.48   0.139    -.0713783    .5082943
            4  |  -.0342347   .1534381    -0.22   0.823    -.3353902    .2669208
            5  |  -.1113005   .1382224    -0.81   0.421    -.3826769    .1600758
            6  |  -.0124272   .1693787    -0.07   0.942    -.3448674     .320013
            7  |   .2279321   .1019187     2.24   0.026     .0278142    .4280501
            8  |   .3204857   .1287311     2.49   0.013     .0676857    .5732858
            9  |   .4421516    .116979     3.78   0.000     .2123119    .6719912
           10  |   .2364138   .1255726     1.88   0.060    -.0101287    .4829563
               |
         _cons |   3.953975   .5212102     7.59   0.000     2.925929    4.982022
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. unique countryid if used==1
Number of unique values of countryid is  76
Number of records is  58800

. 
. mibeta cpi_ti l.cpi_ti pctwomen noquota womenXnoquota fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,176
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3774
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6002
                                                Complete DF       =       1142
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     106.65
                                                        avg       =     438.73
                                                        max       =     868.47
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  33, 1078.8)   =     296.62
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .6815028    .032593    20.91   0.000     .6168886    .7461171
               |
      pctwomen |   .0010711    .005068     0.21   0.833    -.0088759    .0110182
       noquota |   -.017913   .1184648    -0.15   0.880    -.2505971    .2147711
 womenXnoquota |  -.0123701   .0057363    -2.16   0.031    -.0236304   -.0011098
        fh_neg |  -.1881044    .040733    -4.62   0.000     -.268184   -.1080248
       log_gdp |  -.3074257   .0446587    -6.88   0.000    -.3953586   -.2194927
pct_protestant |   -.003829   .0011487    -3.33   0.001    -.0060855   -.0015726
  trade_impexp |  -.0006217   .0007062    -0.88   0.379    -.0020099    .0007665
         wecon |  -.0496065   .0462856    -1.07   0.284    -.1405579    .0413449
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.2309357   .1660992    -1.39   0.167    -.5595937    .0977224
         1996  |  -.1117527   .1718609    -0.65   0.517    -.4521968    .2286913
         1997  |   .0102571   .1537257     0.07   0.947    -.2933406    .3138548
         1998  |  -.0504045   .1670905    -0.30   0.763    -.3811992    .2803903
         1999  |  -.1011686   .1406173    -0.72   0.473    -.3782838    .1759466
         2001  |   .0416074   .1644936     0.25   0.801    -.2841292     .367344
         2002  |    .033824   .1293987     0.26   0.794    -.2207092    .2883571
         2003  |    .093009   .1313628     0.71   0.479    -.1654656    .3514837
         2004  |    .108151   .1308277     0.83   0.409     -.149218    .3655199
         2005  |   .1439485   .1292649     1.11   0.266     -.110245    .3981419
         2006  |   .1980319   .1324013     1.50   0.136    -.0623927    .4584565
         2007  |   .1935178   .1323854     1.46   0.145    -.0668008    .4538364
         2008  |    .245983   .1329301     1.85   0.065    -.0153563    .5073224
         2009  |   .2706493   .1320956     2.05   0.041     .0109212    .5303773
         2010  |   .2924953      .1353     2.16   0.031     .0263864    .5586043
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.1215774   .1369157    -0.89   0.375    -.3903995    .1472447
            3  |    .218458   .1476023     1.48   0.139    -.0713783    .5082943
            4  |  -.0342347   .1534381    -0.22   0.823    -.3353902    .2669208
            5  |  -.1113005   .1382224    -0.81   0.421    -.3826769    .1600758
            6  |  -.0124272   .1693787    -0.07   0.942    -.3448674     .320013
            7  |   .2279321   .1019187     2.24   0.026     .0278142    .4280501
            8  |   .3204857   .1287311     2.49   0.013     .0676857    .5732858
            9  |   .4421516    .116979     3.78   0.000     .2123119    .6719912
           10  |   .2364138   .1255726     1.88   0.060    -.0101287    .4829563
               |
         _cons |   3.953975   .5212102     7.59   0.000     2.925929    4.982022
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Standardized coefficients and R-squared
Summary statistics over 50 imputations

             |       mean       min        p25     median        p75       max
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      cpi_ti |
         L1. |   .6843944      .622   .6658491   .6855306   .7051324      .741
             |
    pctwomen |   .0045517   -.00928   .0008632   .0044296   .0086519     .0205
     noquota |  -.0030654    -.0187  -.0078428  -.0046858   .0032126      .019
womenXnoqu~a |  -.0593568    -.0794    -.06423  -.0596648  -.0538384    -.0369
      fh_neg |  -.0809815     -.106  -.0865161  -.0785215  -.0759488    -.0638
     log_gdp |  -.1917465      -.23   -.201869  -.1914943   -.178883     -.163
pct_protes~t |  -.0429288    -.0543  -.0468342  -.0422599  -.0387855    -.0276
trade_impexp |  -.0099807    -.0226  -.0127545  -.0091198  -.0064135    .00119
       wecon |  -.0138675    -.0346  -.0176862  -.0147091   -.008957   -.00346
             |
        year |
       1995  |  -.0228992    -.0543  -.0311559  -.0210904   -.014995   -.00249
       1996  |  -.0110575    -.0328  -.0213323  -.0124232  -.0021632     .0204
       1997  |   .0010189    -.0281  -.0057187  -.0002773   .0077689     .0219
       1998  |  -.0050087    -.0258  -.0150663   -.005428   .0027219     .0204
       1999  |  -.0102906    -.0323   -.015255  -.0113111  -.0044539     .0134
       2001  |   .0043247    -.0212  -.0055965   .0046295   .0128351     .0305
       2002  |   .0035058   -.00883  -.0018847   .0024336   .0076409     .0202
       2003  |   .0096449   -.00775   .0045245    .009922   .0135739     .0307
       2004  |   .0112125   -.00107   .0056783   .0111732    .016458     .0281
       2005  |   .0149224   .000641   .0108807   .0142979   .0197105     .0331
       2006  |   .0204014    .00363   .0158893   .0198748   .0254635     .0389
       2007  |   .0198095    .00749    .014668   .0204367   .0253326     .0382
       2008  |   .0251808     .0117   .0208526    .024847   .0309213     .0432
       2009  |   .0275301     .0135   .0231199   .0271876   .0328499      .046
       2010  |   .0297494     .0143   .0244494   .0290012   .0347658     .0501
             |
      region |
          2  |  -.0097306    -.0176  -.0128646  -.0091258  -.0072963  -.000246
          3  |   .0182162    .00875   .0147551   .0186248   .0214407     .0319
          4  |  -.0027065    -.0112  -.0059741  -.0034874   .0002806    .00467
          5  |  -.0092859    -.0205  -.0116789  -.0097242  -.0070919    .00151
          6  |  -.0008514   -.00978  -.0029513  -.0006608   .0013026    .00743
          7  |   .0412097      .028   .0356772   .0407131   .0459089     .0571
          8  |   .0340119     .0249   .0297894   .0340907   .0368745     .0517
          9  |   .0672498     .0517   .0620099   .0669241   .0714312     .0928
         10  |   .0428469     .0269   .0366242   .0421105   .0480662     .0643
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
    R-square |   .9224273      .907   .9184083   .9220973   .9270502      .934
Adj R-square |   .9201857      .904   .9160506   .9198461   .9249422      .932
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. 
. 
. 
. esttab dem_est quota_est using other-acc.rtf, replace order(L.cpi_ti pctwomen polity2 womenXdem noquota womenXnoquota fh_neg log_gdp pct_p
> rotestant trade_impexp wecon) keep(L.cpi_ti pctwomen polity2 womenXdem noquota womenXnoquota fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp we
> con) mtitles("polity level" "quotas") coeflabels(L.cpi_ti "lag TI CPI" pctwomen "% women in lower house" polity2 "polity2 score" womenXdem
>  "% women * polity" noquota "no electoral quota" womenXnoquota "% women * no quota" fh_neg "FH Freedom" log_gdp "log GDP per capita" pct_p
> rotestant "% protestant" trade_impexp "trade imbalance (% of GDP)" wecon "women's economic rights" _cons "constant") noabbrev wrap gaps va
> rwidth(30) align(r)
(output written to other-acc.rtf)

. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. ******************************************
. ******************************************
. * random effects models
. ******************************************
. ******************************************
. ***************************************************************************
. * look at the "culture of corruption"
. * effect of women in the context of past corruption levels
. ***************************************************************************
. 
. * load in the data
. clear all

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. ****
. * Transparency International Measure
. ****
. 
. * recode the DV
. rename cpi_ti cpi_ti_o

. gen cpi_ti = 10 - cpi_ti_o
(739 missing values generated)

. 
. ice cpi_ti pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1994, seed(123456) m(50) saving(wb_imputed, repla
> ce) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      1,016       50.75       50.75
          1 |        228       11.39       62.14
          2 |          5        0.25       62.39
          . |        753       37.61      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | cpi_ti pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant
            |         | trade_impexp
trade_imp~p | regress | cpi_ti pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant wecon
     cpi_ti | regress | pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp
            |         | wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. qui mi xeq: sort countryid year; by countryid: gen lagXwomen = l.cpi_ti * pctwomen

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): xtreg cpi_ti l.cpi_ti pctwomen lagXwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region if exclude
> _new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =      1,176

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         11
                                                              avg =       15.5
                                                              max =         16
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3368
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6097
DF adjustment:   Large sample                   DF:     min       =     134.36
                                                        avg       =   1,272.47
                                                        max       =   9,172.45
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  32,23759.5)   =     300.45
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .5825146   .0388221    15.00   0.000     .5059837    .6590455
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0303404   .0062525    -4.85   0.000    -.0426151   -.0180657
     lagXwomen |   .0053126   .0012219     4.35   0.000     .0029118    .0077133
        fh_neg |  -.1984829    .039235    -5.06   0.000    -.2754352   -.1215305
       log_gdp |  -.3649319   .0440323    -8.29   0.000    -.4513944   -.2784695
pct_protestant |  -.0024491   .0012444    -1.97   0.049    -.0048894   -8.86e-06
  trade_impexp |  -.0006665   .0006714    -0.99   0.321    -.0019829    .0006499
         wecon |  -.0168448    .049729    -0.34   0.735    -.1144925    .0808028
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.2614512    .183491    -1.42   0.157    -.6243554     .101453
         1996  |  -.1078676   .1724107    -0.63   0.532    -.4483742     .232639
         1997  |   .0051638   .1576594     0.03   0.974    -.3055664     .315894
         1998  |  -.0183751    .153578    -0.12   0.905    -.3208634    .2841131
         1999  |  -.0967164   .1530774    -0.63   0.528    -.3982925    .2048598
         2001  |   .0750045   .1654516     0.45   0.651    -.2516682    .4016771
         2002  |   .0491619   .1453484     0.34   0.735    -.2368971    .3352209
         2003  |   .1183833    .135278     0.88   0.382    -.1474059    .3841725
         2004  |   .1371986   .1347543     1.02   0.309    -.1275134    .4019106
         2005  |   .1912068   .1373292     1.39   0.164    -.0786436    .4610572
         2006  |   .2507063   .1388021     1.81   0.072    -.0220218    .5234343
         2007  |    .243862   .1386874     1.76   0.079    -.0285693    .5162933
         2008  |    .316174   .1406207     2.25   0.025     .0399401    .5924078
         2009  |   .3254625   .1385252     2.35   0.019     .0533598    .5975653
         2010  |   .3354396   .1403342     2.39   0.017     .0597719    .6111073
               |
        region |
            2  |    .170893   .1515384     1.13   0.260    -.1263098    .4680958
            3  |   .4748945   .1562516     3.04   0.002     .1684345    .7813544
            4  |   .1823539   .1554732     1.17   0.241    -.1224082    .4871161
            5  |   .1296238   .1499643     0.86   0.387    -.1644889    .4237364
            6  |   .2367772   .1806703     1.31   0.190    -.1174696    .5910239
            7  |   .4735625   .1018699     4.65   0.000      .273786     .673339
            8  |   .4164736   .1274527     3.27   0.001     .1665824    .6663649
            9  |   .6200539   .1238256     5.01   0.000      .377126    .8629818
           10  |   .5313407   .1414662     3.76   0.000     .2538382    .8088433
               |
         _cons |   4.574708   .5000189     9.15   0.000     3.591753    5.557663
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |          0
       sigma_e |  .59030652
           rho |          0   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. eststo ti_est: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =      1,176

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         11
                                                              avg =       15.5
                                                              max =         16
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3368
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6097
DF adjustment:   Large sample                   DF:     min       =     134.36
                                                        avg       =   1,272.47
                                                        max       =   9,172.45
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  32,23759.5)   =     300.45
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .5825146   .0388221    15.00   0.000     .5059837    .6590455
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0303404   .0062525    -4.85   0.000    -.0426151   -.0180657
     lagXwomen |   .0053126   .0012219     4.35   0.000     .0029118    .0077133
        fh_neg |  -.1984829    .039235    -5.06   0.000    -.2754352   -.1215305
       log_gdp |  -.3649319   .0440323    -8.29   0.000    -.4513944   -.2784695
pct_protestant |  -.0024491   .0012444    -1.97   0.049    -.0048894   -8.86e-06
  trade_impexp |  -.0006665   .0006714    -0.99   0.321    -.0019829    .0006499
         wecon |  -.0168448    .049729    -0.34   0.735    -.1144925    .0808028
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.2614512    .183491    -1.42   0.157    -.6243554     .101453
         1996  |  -.1078676   .1724107    -0.63   0.532    -.4483742     .232639
         1997  |   .0051638   .1576594     0.03   0.974    -.3055664     .315894
         1998  |  -.0183751    .153578    -0.12   0.905    -.3208634    .2841131
         1999  |  -.0967164   .1530774    -0.63   0.528    -.3982925    .2048598
         2001  |   .0750045   .1654516     0.45   0.651    -.2516682    .4016771
         2002  |   .0491619   .1453484     0.34   0.735    -.2368971    .3352209
         2003  |   .1183833    .135278     0.88   0.382    -.1474059    .3841725
         2004  |   .1371986   .1347543     1.02   0.309    -.1275134    .4019106
         2005  |   .1912068   .1373292     1.39   0.164    -.0786436    .4610572
         2006  |   .2507063   .1388021     1.81   0.072    -.0220218    .5234343
         2007  |    .243862   .1386874     1.76   0.079    -.0285693    .5162933
         2008  |    .316174   .1406207     2.25   0.025     .0399401    .5924078
         2009  |   .3254625   .1385252     2.35   0.019     .0533598    .5975653
         2010  |   .3354396   .1403342     2.39   0.017     .0597719    .6111073
               |
        region |
            2  |    .170893   .1515384     1.13   0.260    -.1263098    .4680958
            3  |   .4748945   .1562516     3.04   0.002     .1684345    .7813544
            4  |   .1823539   .1554732     1.17   0.241    -.1224082    .4871161
            5  |   .1296238   .1499643     0.86   0.387    -.1644889    .4237364
            6  |   .2367772   .1806703     1.31   0.190    -.1174696    .5910239
            7  |   .4735625   .1018699     4.65   0.000      .273786     .673339
            8  |   .4164736   .1274527     3.27   0.001     .1665824    .6663649
            9  |   .6200539   .1238256     5.01   0.000      .377126    .8629818
           10  |   .5313407   .1414662     3.76   0.000     .2538382    .8088433
               |
         _cons |   4.574708   .5000189     9.15   0.000     3.591753    5.557663
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |          0
       sigma_e |  .59030652
           rho |          0   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. 
. unique countryid if used==1
Number of unique values of countryid is  76
Number of records is  58800

. 
. mibeta cpi_ti l.cpi_ti pctwomen lagXwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,176
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3368
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6097
                                                Complete DF       =       1143
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     103.57
                                                        avg       =     411.98
                                                        max       =     948.27
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  32, 1087.0)   =     300.45
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .5825146   .0388221    15.00   0.000     .5058255    .6592038
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0303404   .0062525    -4.85   0.000    -.0426327   -.0180481
     lagXwomen |   .0053126   .0012219     4.35   0.000     .0029081     .007717
        fh_neg |  -.1984829    .039235    -5.06   0.000    -.2755335   -.1214322
       log_gdp |  -.3649319   .0440323    -8.29   0.000    -.4515212   -.2783427
pct_protestant |  -.0024491   .0012444    -1.97   0.049    -.0048924   -5.82e-06
  trade_impexp |  -.0006665   .0006714    -0.99   0.321    -.0019845    .0006515
         wecon |  -.0168448    .049729    -0.34   0.735    -.1146355    .0809458
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.2614512    .183491    -1.42   0.157    -.6253383    .1024359
         1996  |  -.1078676   .1724107    -0.63   0.533    -.4491933    .2334581
         1997  |   .0051638   .1576594     0.03   0.974    -.3061975    .3165251
         1998  |  -.0183751    .153578    -0.12   0.905    -.3214456    .2846953
         1999  |  -.0967164   .1530774    -0.63   0.528    -.3988848    .2054521
         2001  |   .0750045   .1654516     0.45   0.651    -.2524364    .4024453
         2002  |   .0491619   .1453484     0.34   0.736    -.2374135    .3357373
         2003  |   .1183833    .135278     0.88   0.382    -.1478188    .3845854
         2004  |   .1371986   .1347543     1.02   0.309    -.1279175    .4023147
         2005  |   .1912068   .1373292     1.39   0.165    -.0790673     .461481
         2006  |   .2507063   .1388021     1.81   0.072    -.0224476    .5238601
         2007  |    .243862   .1386874     1.76   0.080    -.0289842    .5167082
         2008  |    .316174   .1406207     2.25   0.025     .0395188    .5928291
         2009  |   .3254625   .1385252     2.35   0.019     .0529469    .5979781
         2010  |   .3354396   .1403342     2.39   0.017      .059352    .6115272
               |
        region |
            2  |    .170893   .1515384     1.13   0.260    -.1266867    .4684728
            3  |   .4748945   .1562516     3.04   0.002     .1680433    .7817456
            4  |   .1823539   .1554732     1.17   0.241    -.1227574    .4874653
            5  |   .1296238   .1499643     0.86   0.388    -.1648614    .4241089
            6  |   .2367772   .1806703     1.31   0.190    -.1179003    .5914547
            7  |   .4735625   .1018699     4.65   0.000     .2735354    .6735896
            8  |   .4164736   .1274527     3.27   0.001     .1662808    .6666665
            9  |   .6200539   .1238256     5.01   0.000     .3768041    .8633036
           10  |   .5313407   .1414662     3.76   0.000     .2534764    .8092051
               |
         _cons |   4.574708   .5000189     9.15   0.000     3.590147    5.559269
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Standardized coefficients and R-squared
Summary statistics over 50 imputations

             |       mean       min        p25     median        p75       max
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      cpi_ti |
         L1. |   .5856549        .5   .5703886   .5855108   .6023057      .633
             |
    pctwomen |  -.1288412     -.156  -.1372887  -.1286871  -.1209814    -.0943
   lagXwomen |   .1123152     .0793   .1024769   .1126022   .1229731       .14
      fh_neg |  -.0851255     -.103  -.0886844  -.0849576  -.0819328    -.0709
     log_gdp |  -.2267593     -.263  -.2366096   -.228712  -.2181468     -.198
pct_protes~t |  -.0273435    -.0387  -.0304182  -.0270286  -.0237039    -.0182
trade_impexp |  -.0106505    -.0197  -.0129723  -.0105666  -.0086407   -.00379
       wecon |   -.004694    -.0196  -.0104636  -.0053534   .0003404     .0128
             |
        year |
       1995  |  -.0258044    -.0563  -.0313337  -.0261357  -.0189482     .0141
       1996  |  -.0106306    -.0353  -.0177058  -.0103885  -.0015331     .0233
       1997  |   .0005051    -.0275  -.0055218   .0014115   .0071205     .0322
       1998  |  -.0017996    -.0302  -.0080419   .0001261   .0036348       .02
       1999  |  -.0097896    -.0312  -.0158124   -.010213  -.0014271     .0112
       2001  |   .0077569    -.0224  -.0016609   .0104763   .0153581     .0303
       2002  |   .0050874    -.0154   .0000295   .0050222   .0111082     .0237
       2003  |   .0122374   -.00209   .0072741   .0110817   .0192979     .0271
       2004  |   .0141744   -.00609   .0097168   .0151826   .0190857     .0296
       2005  |   .0197522     .0035   .0129581    .019883   .0265977     .0361
       2006  |    .025732    .00958   .0200447    .026028   .0319354       .04
       2007  |   .0248764     .0074   .0192026   .0238637   .0309265     .0413
       2008  |   .0322484      .015    .026456    .032637   .0382994     .0475
       2009  |    .032986     .0162   .0273047   .0329882   .0385282     .0478
       2010  |   .0339958     .0144    .028643    .034896   .0404836     .0497
             |
      region |
          2  |   .0136149    .00358   .0110144   .0130438   .0172905     .0245
          3  |   .0394574     .0269   .0357092   .0403153    .043358     .0492
          4  |   .0143744    .00752   .0114538   .0149605   .0168082     .0211
          5  |   .0107725   .000792   .0065187   .0109219   .0144263      .021
          6  |   .0161795    .00779   .0130214   .0159205    .019794     .0244
          7  |   .0853139     .0684   .0807946   .0855863   .0904372     .0984
          8  |   .0440278     .0328   .0414173    .042744   .0478144     .0524
          9  |   .0939578     .0712   .0894239   .0950869   .0995838      .109
         10  |    .095946     .0729    .088144   .0962325   .1033101      .115
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
    R-square |   .9188719      .904   .9171537   .9192327   .9223874      .927
Adj R-square |   .9166006      .901   .9148343   .9169715   .9202145      .924
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. ****
. * ICRG Corruption Measure
. ****
. 
. * load in the data
. clear

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. * recode the DV
. rename icrg_corr icrg_corr_o

. gen icrg_corr = 6 - icrg_corr_o
(292 missing values generated)

. 
. ice icrg_corr pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1, seed(123456) m(50) saving(wb_imputed, replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      1,474       73.63       73.63
          1 |         20        1.00       74.63
          . |        508       25.37      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
  icrg_corr |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | icrg_corr pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant
            |         | trade_impexp
trade_imp~p | regress | icrg_corr pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. qui mi xeq: sort countryid year; by countryid: gen lagXwomen = l.icrg_corr * pctwomen

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): xtreg icrg_corr l.icrg_corr pctwomen lagXwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region if e
> xclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =      1,417

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         11
                                                              avg =       18.6
                                                              max =         20
                                                Average RVI       =     0.0005
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.0099
DF adjustment:   Large sample                   DF:     min       = 496,786.99
                                                        avg       =   2.13e+11
                                                        max       =   2.74e+12
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  36, 6.4e+09)  =     519.16
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     icrg_corr |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     icrg_corr |
           L1. |   .8075835   .0176493    45.76   0.000     .7729914    .8421755
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0113654   .0022406    -5.07   0.000    -.0157569   -.0069738
     lagXwomen |   .0032442   .0007814     4.15   0.000     .0017127    .0047758
        fh_neg |  -.0481483    .015913    -3.03   0.002    -.0793372   -.0169594
       log_gdp |  -.0458236    .014255    -3.21   0.001    -.0737629   -.0178844
pct_protestant |  -.0000131   .0005205    -0.03   0.980    -.0010333    .0010071
  trade_impexp |    .000265   .0002891     0.92   0.359    -.0003017    .0008316
         wecon |   .0545841   .0198641     2.75   0.006     .0156512    .0935171
               |
          year |
         1991  |   -.222253   .0630527    -3.52   0.000    -.3458341    -.098672
         1992  |  -.3328513   .0615194    -5.41   0.000    -.4534271   -.2122755
         1993  |  -.2612518   .0607653    -4.30   0.000    -.3803495    -.142154
         1994  |  -.1460553   .0599354    -2.44   0.015    -.2635265    -.028584
         1995  |  -.0819388   .0589408    -1.39   0.164    -.1974607    .0335831
         1996  |  -.1095985   .0587925    -1.86   0.062    -.2248296    .0056325
         1997  |    .001144   .0584508     0.02   0.984    -.1134175    .1157054
         1998  |  -.0176533   .0583181    -0.30   0.762    -.1319547    .0966481
         1999  |   .0183743   .0581866     0.32   0.752    -.0956694     .132418
         2001  |   .0797225   .0568962     1.40   0.161     -.031792    .1912369
         2002  |   .4782662   .0570135     8.39   0.000     .3665218    .5900106
         2003  |   .0108415   .0579258     0.19   0.852    -.1026909    .1243739
         2004  |   .0740512   .0580458     1.28   0.202    -.0397164    .1878189
         2005  |  -.0166111   .0583539    -0.28   0.776    -.1309827    .0977604
         2006  |     .10896   .0587856     1.85   0.064    -.0062577    .2241777
         2007  |   .0557244   .0595112     0.94   0.349    -.0609154    .1723643
         2008  |   .0492057   .0600459     0.82   0.413    -.0684821    .1668936
         2009  |    .018412   .0596856     0.31   0.758    -.0985697    .1353937
         2010  |  -.0185406   .0599931    -0.31   0.757    -.1361249    .0990436
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0176314   .0627092    -0.28   0.779    -.1405391    .1052763
            3  |    .021098   .0642109     0.33   0.742     -.104753    .1469489
            4  |   .0270062   .0688031     0.39   0.695    -.1078453    .1618578
            5  |   .0042756   .0625656     0.07   0.946    -.1183507    .1269019
            6  |   .0227795   .0768025     0.30   0.767    -.1277506    .1733095
            7  |   .0591052   .0428767     1.38   0.168    -.0249315    .1431419
            8  |   .0091009   .0548154     0.17   0.868    -.0983353    .1165372
            9  |   .0891347   .0490329     1.82   0.069    -.0069681    .1852374
           10  |  -.0016549   .0575297    -0.03   0.977     -.114411    .1111012
               |
         _cons |   .7583019    .149551     5.07   0.000     .4651874    1.051416
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |          0
       sigma_e |  .34570836
           rho |          0   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. eststo icrg_est: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =      1,417

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         11
                                                              avg =       18.6
                                                              max =         20
                                                Average RVI       =     0.0005
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.0099
DF adjustment:   Large sample                   DF:     min       = 496,786.99
                                                        avg       =   2.13e+11
                                                        max       =   2.74e+12
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  36, 6.4e+09)  =     519.16
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     icrg_corr |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     icrg_corr |
           L1. |   .8075835   .0176493    45.76   0.000     .7729914    .8421755
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0113654   .0022406    -5.07   0.000    -.0157569   -.0069738
     lagXwomen |   .0032442   .0007814     4.15   0.000     .0017127    .0047758
        fh_neg |  -.0481483    .015913    -3.03   0.002    -.0793372   -.0169594
       log_gdp |  -.0458236    .014255    -3.21   0.001    -.0737629   -.0178844
pct_protestant |  -.0000131   .0005205    -0.03   0.980    -.0010333    .0010071
  trade_impexp |    .000265   .0002891     0.92   0.359    -.0003017    .0008316
         wecon |   .0545841   .0198641     2.75   0.006     .0156512    .0935171
               |
          year |
         1991  |   -.222253   .0630527    -3.52   0.000    -.3458341    -.098672
         1992  |  -.3328513   .0615194    -5.41   0.000    -.4534271   -.2122755
         1993  |  -.2612518   .0607653    -4.30   0.000    -.3803495    -.142154
         1994  |  -.1460553   .0599354    -2.44   0.015    -.2635265    -.028584
         1995  |  -.0819388   .0589408    -1.39   0.164    -.1974607    .0335831
         1996  |  -.1095985   .0587925    -1.86   0.062    -.2248296    .0056325
         1997  |    .001144   .0584508     0.02   0.984    -.1134175    .1157054
         1998  |  -.0176533   .0583181    -0.30   0.762    -.1319547    .0966481
         1999  |   .0183743   .0581866     0.32   0.752    -.0956694     .132418
         2001  |   .0797225   .0568962     1.40   0.161     -.031792    .1912369
         2002  |   .4782662   .0570135     8.39   0.000     .3665218    .5900106
         2003  |   .0108415   .0579258     0.19   0.852    -.1026909    .1243739
         2004  |   .0740512   .0580458     1.28   0.202    -.0397164    .1878189
         2005  |  -.0166111   .0583539    -0.28   0.776    -.1309827    .0977604
         2006  |     .10896   .0587856     1.85   0.064    -.0062577    .2241777
         2007  |   .0557244   .0595112     0.94   0.349    -.0609154    .1723643
         2008  |   .0492057   .0600459     0.82   0.413    -.0684821    .1668936
         2009  |    .018412   .0596856     0.31   0.758    -.0985697    .1353937
         2010  |  -.0185406   .0599931    -0.31   0.757    -.1361249    .0990436
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0176314   .0627092    -0.28   0.779    -.1405391    .1052763
            3  |    .021098   .0642109     0.33   0.742     -.104753    .1469489
            4  |   .0270062   .0688031     0.39   0.695    -.1078453    .1618578
            5  |   .0042756   .0625656     0.07   0.946    -.1183507    .1269019
            6  |   .0227795   .0768025     0.30   0.767    -.1277506    .1733095
            7  |   .0591052   .0428767     1.38   0.168    -.0249315    .1431419
            8  |   .0091009   .0548154     0.17   0.868    -.0983353    .1165372
            9  |   .0891347   .0490329     1.82   0.069    -.0069681    .1852374
           10  |  -.0016549   .0575297    -0.03   0.977     -.114411    .1111012
               |
         _cons |   .7583019    .149551     5.07   0.000     .4651874    1.051416
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |          0
       sigma_e |  .34570836
           rho |          0   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. 
. unique countryid if used==1
Number of unique values of countryid is  76
Number of records is  70850

. 
. mibeta icrg_corr l.icrg_corr pctwomen lagXwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,417
                                                Average RVI       =     0.0005
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.0099
                                                Complete DF       =       1380
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =   1,360.58
                                                        avg       =   1,376.98
                                                        max       =   1,378.00
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  36, 1378.0)   =     519.16
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     icrg_corr |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     icrg_corr |
           L1. |   .8075835   .0176493    45.76   0.000      .772961     .842206
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0113654   .0022406    -5.07   0.000    -.0157608     -.00697
     lagXwomen |   .0032442   .0007814     4.15   0.000     .0017113    .0047771
        fh_neg |  -.0481483    .015913    -3.03   0.003    -.0793647   -.0169319
       log_gdp |  -.0458236    .014255    -3.21   0.001    -.0737875   -.0178598
pct_protestant |  -.0000131   .0005205    -0.03   0.980    -.0010342     .001008
  trade_impexp |    .000265   .0002891     0.92   0.360    -.0003022    .0008321
         wecon |   .0545841   .0198641     2.75   0.006     .0156166    .0935516
               |
          year |
         1991  |   -.222253   .0630527    -3.52   0.000    -.3459427   -.0985634
         1992  |  -.3328513   .0615194    -5.41   0.000    -.4535332   -.2121695
         1993  |  -.2612518   .0607653    -4.30   0.000    -.3804542   -.1420493
         1994  |  -.1460553   .0599354    -2.44   0.015    -.2636298   -.0284807
         1995  |  -.0819388   .0589408    -1.39   0.165    -.1975622    .0336847
         1996  |  -.1095985   .0587925    -1.86   0.063    -.2249309    .0057339
         1997  |    .001144   .0584508     0.02   0.984    -.1135182    .1158062
         1998  |  -.0176533   .0583181    -0.30   0.762    -.1320552    .0967486
         1999  |   .0183743   .0581866     0.32   0.752    -.0957697    .1325182
         2001  |   .0797225   .0568962     1.40   0.161      -.03189    .1913349
         2002  |   .4782662   .0570135     8.39   0.000     .3664235    .5901089
         2003  |   .0108415   .0579258     0.19   0.852    -.1027908    .1244737
         2004  |   .0740512   .0580458     1.28   0.202    -.0398165     .187919
         2005  |  -.0166111   .0583539    -0.28   0.776    -.1310833     .097861
         2006  |     .10896   .0587856     1.85   0.064     -.006359     .224279
         2007  |   .0557244   .0595112     0.94   0.349    -.0610179    .1724668
         2008  |   .0492057   .0600459     0.82   0.413    -.0685856     .166997
         2009  |    .018412   .0596856     0.31   0.758    -.0986726    .1354965
         2010  |  -.0185406   .0599931    -0.31   0.757    -.1362283     .099147
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0176314   .0627092    -0.28   0.779    -.1406472    .1053844
            3  |    .021098   .0642109     0.33   0.743    -.1048636    .1470596
            4  |   .0270062   .0688031     0.39   0.695    -.1079639    .1619764
            5  |   .0042756   .0625656     0.07   0.946    -.1184586    .1270097
            6  |   .0227795   .0768025     0.30   0.767    -.1278829    .1734419
            7  |   .0591052   .0428767     1.38   0.168    -.0250054    .1432158
            8  |   .0091009   .0548154     0.17   0.868    -.0984299    .1166317
            9  |   .0891347   .0490329     1.82   0.069    -.0070526     .185322
           10  |  -.0016549   .0575297    -0.03   0.977    -.1145102    .1112003
               |
         _cons |   .7583019    .149551     5.07   0.000     .4649295    1.051674
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Standardized coefficients and R-squared
Summary statistics over 50 imputations

             |       mean       min        p25     median        p75       max
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   icrg_corr |
         L1. |   .8149031      .815   .8148191   .8148908   .8149959      .815
             |
    pctwomen |  -.0873604    -.0879  -.0875415   -.087346  -.0871728    -.0868
   lagXwomen |   .0716325     .0713   .0714663   .0716405   .0717696      .072
      fh_neg |  -.0377611    -.0382   -.037895  -.0377567  -.0376502    -.0373
     log_gdp |  -.0512702     -.052  -.0514196    -.05127   -.051106    -.0504
pct_protes~t |   -.000265  -.000543  -.0003167  -.0002473  -.0001922  -.000056
trade_impexp |   .0076888    .00577   .0072733   .0076866   .0081601    .00926
       wecon |   .0271036     .0251   .0264469   .0270867   .0277802      .029
             |
        year |
       1991  |  -.0325211    -.0327  -.0325813   -.032528  -.0324838    -.0323
       1992  |  -.0507765     -.051  -.0508271  -.0507458  -.0507173    -.0505
       1993  |   -.040793    -.0409  -.0408158  -.0407926   -.040763    -.0407
       1994  |  -.0233165    -.0235  -.0233924  -.0232845  -.0232489    -.0232
       1995  |    -.01336    -.0136  -.0134709  -.0133536  -.0132573    -.0131
       1996  |  -.0178699     -.018  -.0179396  -.0178798  -.0178098    -.0176
       1997  |   .0001878   .000037   .0001104    .000207   .0002374    .00041
       1998  |   -.002898   -.00317  -.0029871  -.0028753  -.0028205   -.00261
       1999  |   .0030164    .00291   .0029965   .0030203   .0030455     .0031
       2001  |   .0136066     .0136   .0135914    .013605   .0136175     .0137
       2002  |   .0816278     .0816   .0816103   .0816294   .0816466     .0817
       2003  |   .0018504    .00179   .0018313   .0018526   .0018701    .00192
       2004  |   .0126386     .0126   .0126264   .0126364   .0126524     .0127
       2005  |  -.0028351   -.00289  -.0028462  -.0028362  -.0028274   -.00277
       2006  |   .0184808     .0183   .0184317   .0184819    .018525     .0187
       2007  |   .0093918    .00927   .0093334    .009391    .009436    .00957
       2008  |   .0082931    .00806   .0082328   .0082864   .0083449    .00854
       2009  |   .0030832    .00299   .0030497   .0030831   .0031155    .00319
       2010  |  -.0031048   -.00324  -.0031478  -.0031212  -.0030543   -.00296
             |
      region |
          2  |  -.0025799   -.00283  -.0026518  -.0025686  -.0025023   -.00225
          3  |   .0032185    .00291   .0031416   .0032226   .0033118    .00344
          4  |    .003882    .00319   .0036974   .0039099   .0040652    .00464
          5  |   .0006522   .000341    .000584   .0006653    .000721   .000913
          6  |   .0028582    .00261   .0028008   .0028689   .0029306    .00309
          7  |   .0193288     .0189   .0191856   .0193677   .0194453     .0198
          8  |   .0017493    .00116   .0016217   .0017614   .0019015    .00251
          9  |   .0234114     .0225   .0232363   .0234456   .0236301     .0242
         10  |  -.0005453   -.00158  -.0007659  -.0004689  -.0002956   .000565
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
    R-square |   .9312739      .931   .9312576   .9312727   .9312955      .931
Adj R-square |    .929481      .929   .9294643   .9294799   .9295032       .93
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. 
. 
. ****
. * World Bank Governance Indicator Measure
. ****
. 
. * load in the data
. clear

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. * recode the DV
. rename wb_corr wb_corr_o

. gen wb_corr = 2.6 - wb_corr_o
(816 missing values generated)

. 
. * model: WBGI Measure, with lag
. 
. ice wb_corr pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1995, seed(123456) m(50) saving(wb_imputed, repl
> ace)

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |        877       43.81       43.81
          1 |        298       14.89       58.69
          2 |          5        0.25       58.94
          . |        822       41.06      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | wb_corr pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant
            |         | trade_impexp
trade_imp~p | regress | wb_corr pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant wecon
    wb_corr | regress | pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp
            |         | wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. qui mi xeq: sort countryid year; by countryid: gen lagXwomen = l.wb_corr * pctwomen

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): xtreg wb_corr l.wb_corr pctwomen lagXwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region if exclu
> de_new!=1 

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =      1,109

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         10
                                                              avg =       14.6
                                                              max =         15
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3484
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6221
DF adjustment:   Large sample                   DF:     min       =     129.02
                                                        avg       =   2,144.80
                                                        max       =   5,128.12
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  31,22110.0)   =     166.69
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       wb_corr |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       wb_corr |
           L1. |   .2615741   .0591931     4.42   0.000     .1445055    .3786426
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0179591   .0037529    -4.79   0.000    -.0253292    -.010589
     lagXwomen |   .0060553   .0016616     3.64   0.000     .0027896    .0093209
        fh_neg |  -.2005859   .0272532    -7.36   0.000    -.2541702   -.1470015
       log_gdp |  -.2877887   .0274592   -10.48   0.000    -.3418002   -.2337773
pct_protestant |  -.0020753    .000755    -2.75   0.006     -.003557   -.0005935
  trade_impexp |   .0000587   .0004008     0.15   0.884    -.0007273    .0008447
         wecon |  -.0225908   .0266771    -0.85   0.397    -.0749014    .0297198
               |
          year |
         1996  |  -.0825318   .0693332    -1.19   0.234    -.2184685     .053405
         1997  |   .3022707   .0957348     3.16   0.002      .113289    .4912523
         1998  |  -.0546982   .0705947    -0.77   0.439    -.1931465    .0837502
         1999  |   .2745566   .1030806     2.66   0.009     .0706095    .4785038
         2001  |     .27865   .0944737     2.95   0.004     .0920967    .4652033
         2002  |   .0904218   .0685011     1.32   0.187    -.0439096    .2247531
         2003  |   .1519057   .0666679     2.28   0.023     .0212082    .2826032
         2004  |   .2308381    .066837     3.45   0.001     .0998081     .361868
         2005  |   .2924162   .0672359     4.35   0.000     .1606019    .4242306
         2006  |   .3005551   .0684093     4.39   0.000     .1664364    .4346737
         2007  |   .3644842   .0690817     5.28   0.000     .2290433    .4999251
         2008  |   .3774779   .0704563     5.36   0.000      .239338    .5156177
         2009  |   .3816704   .0692933     5.51   0.000     .2458163    .5175245
         2010  |   .3941523   .0702674     5.61   0.000     .2563816    .5319231
               |
        region |
            2  |   .0429688   .0899186     0.48   0.633    -.1334388    .2193763
            3  |   .3468889   .0906415     3.83   0.000     .1691331    .5246448
            4  |   .1231061   .0949787     1.30   0.195    -.0631514    .3093636
            5  |   .2059735   .0862392     2.39   0.017     .0368902    .3750569
            6  |   .2857979   .1063561     2.69   0.007     .0772626    .4943331
            7  |   .3913025   .0607365     6.44   0.000     .2721782    .5104269
            8  |   .3835377   .0768683     4.99   0.000     .2327887    .5342867
            9  |   .4609274   .0735581     6.27   0.000     .3165879    .6052669
           10  |   .3420646   .0817164     4.19   0.000     .1818101    .5023191
               |
         _cons |   3.372705   .3139468    10.74   0.000     2.753927    3.991484
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |          0
       sigma_e |  .32131326
           rho |          0   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. eststo wbgi_est: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =      1,109

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         10
                                                              avg =       14.6
                                                              max =         15
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3484
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6221
DF adjustment:   Large sample                   DF:     min       =     129.02
                                                        avg       =   2,144.80
                                                        max       =   5,128.12
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  31,22110.0)   =     166.69
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       wb_corr |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       wb_corr |
           L1. |   .2615741   .0591931     4.42   0.000     .1445055    .3786426
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0179591   .0037529    -4.79   0.000    -.0253292    -.010589
     lagXwomen |   .0060553   .0016616     3.64   0.000     .0027896    .0093209
        fh_neg |  -.2005859   .0272532    -7.36   0.000    -.2541702   -.1470015
       log_gdp |  -.2877887   .0274592   -10.48   0.000    -.3418002   -.2337773
pct_protestant |  -.0020753    .000755    -2.75   0.006     -.003557   -.0005935
  trade_impexp |   .0000587   .0004008     0.15   0.884    -.0007273    .0008447
         wecon |  -.0225908   .0266771    -0.85   0.397    -.0749014    .0297198
               |
          year |
         1996  |  -.0825318   .0693332    -1.19   0.234    -.2184685     .053405
         1997  |   .3022707   .0957348     3.16   0.002      .113289    .4912523
         1998  |  -.0546982   .0705947    -0.77   0.439    -.1931465    .0837502
         1999  |   .2745566   .1030806     2.66   0.009     .0706095    .4785038
         2001  |     .27865   .0944737     2.95   0.004     .0920967    .4652033
         2002  |   .0904218   .0685011     1.32   0.187    -.0439096    .2247531
         2003  |   .1519057   .0666679     2.28   0.023     .0212082    .2826032
         2004  |   .2308381    .066837     3.45   0.001     .0998081     .361868
         2005  |   .2924162   .0672359     4.35   0.000     .1606019    .4242306
         2006  |   .3005551   .0684093     4.39   0.000     .1664364    .4346737
         2007  |   .3644842   .0690817     5.28   0.000     .2290433    .4999251
         2008  |   .3774779   .0704563     5.36   0.000      .239338    .5156177
         2009  |   .3816704   .0692933     5.51   0.000     .2458163    .5175245
         2010  |   .3941523   .0702674     5.61   0.000     .2563816    .5319231
               |
        region |
            2  |   .0429688   .0899186     0.48   0.633    -.1334388    .2193763
            3  |   .3468889   .0906415     3.83   0.000     .1691331    .5246448
            4  |   .1231061   .0949787     1.30   0.195    -.0631514    .3093636
            5  |   .2059735   .0862392     2.39   0.017     .0368902    .3750569
            6  |   .2857979   .1063561     2.69   0.007     .0772626    .4943331
            7  |   .3913025   .0607365     6.44   0.000     .2721782    .5104269
            8  |   .3835377   .0768683     4.99   0.000     .2327887    .5342867
            9  |   .4609274   .0735581     6.27   0.000     .3165879    .6052669
           10  |   .3420646   .0817164     4.19   0.000     .1818101    .5023191
               |
         _cons |   3.372705   .3139468    10.74   0.000     2.753927    3.991484
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |          0
       sigma_e |  .32131326
           rho |          0   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. 
. unique countryid if used==1
Number of unique values of countryid is  76
Number of records is  55450

. 
. mibeta wb_corr l.wb_corr pctwomen lagXwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region if exclude_new!=1 

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,109
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3484
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6221
                                                Complete DF       =       1077
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =      98.28
                                                        avg       =     539.59
                                                        max       =     815.65
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  31, 1023.4)   =     166.69
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       wb_corr |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       wb_corr |
           L1. |   .2615741   .0591931     4.42   0.000     .1441695    .3789787
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0179591   .0037529    -4.79   0.000    -.0253408   -.0105774
     lagXwomen |   .0060553   .0016616     3.64   0.000      .002784    .0093265
        fh_neg |  -.2005859   .0272532    -7.36   0.000    -.2542646   -.1469072
       log_gdp |  -.2877887   .0274592   -10.48   0.000    -.3418987   -.2336788
pct_protestant |  -.0020753    .000755    -2.75   0.006    -.0035592   -.0005914
  trade_impexp |   .0000587   .0004008     0.15   0.884    -.0007284    .0008458
         wecon |  -.0225908   .0266771    -0.85   0.397    -.0749698    .0297882
               |
          year |
         1996  |  -.0825318   .0693332    -1.19   0.234    -.2186421    .0535786
         1997  |   .3022707   .0957348     3.16   0.002     .1128253     .491716
         1998  |  -.0546982   .0705947    -0.77   0.439     -.193332    .0839357
         1999  |   .2745566   .1030806     2.66   0.009     .0700039    .4791094
         2001  |     .27865   .0944737     2.95   0.004     .0916266    .4656734
         2002  |   .0904218   .0685011     1.32   0.187    -.0440872    .2249308
         2003  |   .1519057   .0666679     2.28   0.023     .0210449    .2827666
         2004  |   .2308381    .066837     3.45   0.001     .0996441     .362032
         2005  |   .2924162   .0672359     4.35   0.000     .1604362    .4243963
         2006  |   .3005551   .0684093     4.39   0.000     .1662668    .4348433
         2007  |   .3644842   .0690817     5.28   0.000      .228871    .5000974
         2008  |   .3774779   .0704563     5.36   0.000     .2391613    .5157944
         2009  |   .3816704   .0692933     5.51   0.000     .2456439     .517697
         2010  |   .3941523   .0702674     5.61   0.000     .2562049    .5320997
               |
        region |
            2  |   .0429688   .0899186     0.48   0.633    -.1336869    .2196244
            3  |   .3468889   .0906415     3.83   0.000     .1688966    .5248813
            4  |   .1231061   .0949787     1.30   0.195    -.0633984    .3096106
            5  |   .2059735   .0862392     2.39   0.017     .0366741     .375273
            6  |   .2857979   .1063561     2.69   0.007     .0769937     .494602
            7  |   .3913025   .0607365     6.44   0.000     .2720167    .5105884
            8  |   .3835377   .0768683     4.99   0.000     .2325873     .534488
            9  |   .4609274   .0735581     6.27   0.000     .3163798     .605475
           10  |   .3420646   .0817164     4.19   0.000     .1815965    .5025327
               |
         _cons |   3.372705   .3139468    10.74   0.000     2.752588    3.992822
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Standardized coefficients and R-squared
Summary statistics over 50 imputations

             |       mean       min        p25     median        p75       max
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     wb_corr |
         L1. |   .2628391      .133   .2327651   .2536471   .3002438      .352
             |
    pctwomen |   -.172977      -.22  -.1847179  -.1733405  -.1599569     -.128
   lagXwomen |   .1259285      .086   .1128992   .1269177   .1378734      .176
      fh_neg |  -.1927502     -.229  -.2009023  -.1918221  -.1818909     -.164
     log_gdp |  -.4036088     -.478  -.4163002  -.4069032  -.3861115     -.362
pct_protes~t |  -.0524228    -.0711  -.0591349  -.0523262   -.044755     -.037
trade_impexp |   .0021106    -.0113    -.00221   .0018422   .0066067      .015
       wecon |  -.0142326    -.0288  -.0180271   -.014627  -.0116128    .00387
             |
        year |
       1996  |  -.0189453    -.0315  -.0221661  -.0192772  -.0155655   -.00633
       1997  |   .0698682     .0346   .0602477   .0715754   .0792616     .0965
       1998  |  -.0126378    -.0273  -.0156293  -.0130673  -.0084059  -.000833
       1999  |   .0655525     .0247    .050017   .0685672   .0799778      .107
       2001  |   .0669446     .0277   .0580348   .0666201   .0806654     .0971
       2002  |   .0217144    .00809   .0175832   .0238861   .0256801     .0391
       2003  |   .0364886     .0275   .0324464    .036675   .0400985     .0479
       2004  |   .0554469     .0464   .0511165   .0559997   .0590036      .067
       2005  |   .0702363     .0609   .0662166   .0709403   .0738597     .0822
       2006  |   .0717483      .062   .0678658   .0724684   .0755386     .0844
       2007  |   .0864697     .0756   .0820441   .0867486   .0906273      .098
       2008  |    .089551     .0792   .0859093   .0894195   .0937117      .102
       2009  |    .089976     .0791   .0856593   .0900003   .0939476      .102
       2010  |   .0929188     .0811   .0888174   .0927472   .0978201      .104
             |
      region |
          2  |   .0077034    -.0116   .0035864   .0082592   .0138533     .0211
          3  |   .0650637     .0501   .0615634   .0654445   .0676996     .0868
          4  |    .021825    .00404   .0181658   .0218161   .0257271      .037
          5  |   .0386347     .0233   .0346791   .0382654   .0428232     .0496
          6  |   .0440772     .0277   .0397347   .0450714   .0471672     .0556
          7  |   .1592464      .136   .1511869   .1584137   .1680054      .178
          8  |   .0915558      .074   .0873773   .0916504   .0949604      .107
          9  |   .1601069      .137   .1518935   .1600125   .1689859      .188
         10  |   .1395616      .109    .130181   .1414258   .1497419      .165
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
    R-square |   .8668784       .84   .8627125   .8678222   .8710406      .879
Adj R-square |   .8630466      .835   .8587609   .8640176   .8673286      .876
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. esttab ti_est icrg_est wbgi_est using re-lag.rtf, replace order(L.cpi_ti L.icrg_corr L.wb_corr pctwomen lagXwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_prote
> stant trade_impexp wecon) keep(L.cpi_ti L.icrg_corr L.wb_corr pctwomen lagXwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon) mtitles
> ("TI CPI" "ICRG" "WBGI") coeflabels(L.cpi_ti "lag TI CPI" L.icrg_corr "lag ICRG" L.wb_corr "lag WBGI" pctwomen "% women in lower house" la
> gXwomen "% women * lag DV" fh_neg "FH Freedom" log_gdp "log GDP per capita" pct_protestant "% protestant" trade_impexp "trade imbalance (%
>  of GDP)" wecon "women's economic rights" _cons "constant") noabbrev wrap gaps varwidth(25) align(r)
(output written to re-lag.rtf)

. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. *********************************
. * Press freedom: use press3_inverse so that higher values are more freedom 
. *********************************
. 
. ****
. * Transparency International Measure
. ****
. 
. clear all

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. * recode the DV
. rename cpi_ti cpi_ti_o

. gen cpi_ti = 10 - cpi_ti_o
(739 missing values generated)

. 
. * create interaction variable
. gen womenXpress3=pctwomen*press3_inverse
(241 missing values generated)

. 
. 
. * generate multiple imputation data sets
. ice cpi_ti pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1994, seed(123456) m(
> 50) saving(wb_imputed, replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      1,016       50.75       50.75
          1 |        228       11.39       62.14
          2 |          5        0.25       62.39
          . |        753       37.61      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
press3_in~e |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
womenXpre~3 |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | cpi_ti pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg
            |         | log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp
trade_imp~p | regress | cpi_ti pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg
            |         | log_gdp pct_protestant wecon
     cpi_ti | regress | pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): xtreg cpi_ti l.cpi_ti pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i
> .region if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =      1,176

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         11
                                                              avg =       15.5
                                                              max =         16
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3670
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.5934
DF adjustment:   Large sample                   DF:     min       =     141.84
                                                        avg       =   1,273.76
                                                        max       =   5,466.71
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  33,21643.6)   =     297.42
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .6811203   .0323311    21.07   0.000     .6172071    .7450334
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0263327   .0059084    -4.46   0.000    -.0379201   -.0147453
press3_inverse |   .0095119   .0042808     2.22   0.027     .0011101    .0179137
  womenXpress3 |  -.0008022   .0001912    -4.20   0.000    -.0011772   -.0004272
        fh_neg |  -.1814418   .0616254    -2.94   0.003    -.3025029   -.0603808
       log_gdp |  -.3239139   .0452923    -7.15   0.000    -.4129686   -.2348593
pct_protestant |   -.002836   .0011922    -2.38   0.017    -.0051742   -.0004978
  trade_impexp |  -.0004086   .0006976    -0.59   0.558    -.0017776    .0009605
         wecon |  -.0383369   .0462431    -0.83   0.407    -.1290708     .052397
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.1774976   .1642047    -1.08   0.281    -.5016209    .1466257
         1996  |  -.0526511   .1687882    -0.31   0.756    -.3860765    .2807742
         1997  |    .040876   .1517588     0.27   0.788    -.2581641    .3399161
         1998  |  -.0025534    .164486    -0.02   0.988    -.3273223    .3222154
         1999  |  -.0560197   .1387574    -0.40   0.687    -.3289382    .2168988
         2001  |   .1215039   .1615562     0.75   0.453    -.1975237    .4405314
         2002  |   .1056465   .1277434     0.83   0.409    -.1452102    .3565033
         2003  |    .145338   .1296392     1.12   0.263    -.1092955    .3999716
         2004  |   .1644019    .129337     1.27   0.204    -.0895936    .4183974
         2005  |   .2053502   .1280445     1.60   0.109    -.0460221    .4567225
         2006  |    .240132   .1313889     1.83   0.068    -.0178613    .4981253
         2007  |   .2520684   .1310111     1.92   0.055    -.0051194    .5092562
         2008  |   .2976509   .1319075     2.26   0.024     .0387421    .5565598
         2009  |   .3168169    .130902     2.42   0.016     .0598602    .5737736
         2010  |    .327644   .1337855     2.45   0.015     .0649764    .5903115
               |
        region |
            2  |   .1454559   .1476773     0.98   0.325    -.1441299    .4350418
            3  |   .4033952   .1502075     2.69   0.007     .1088134    .6979769
            4  |   .1663991   .1525094     1.09   0.275      -.13258    .4653782
            5  |   .0408367   .1408036     0.29   0.772    -.2352144    .3168878
            6  |    .266744   .1747772     1.53   0.127    -.0758948    .6093829
            7  |   .4234858   .0977337     4.33   0.000     .2318188    .6151529
            8  |   .4222507   .1323493     3.19   0.001     .1626785    .6818229
            9  |   .5625251   .1225874     4.59   0.000     .3219394    .8031108
           10  |   .4505017    .133202     3.38   0.001     .1892832    .7117202
               |
         _cons |    4.05999   .5210219     7.79   0.000     3.033782    5.086197
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |          0
       sigma_e |  .57169348
           rho |          0   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. 
. eststo ti_est: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =      1,176

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         11
                                                              avg =       15.5
                                                              max =         16
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3670
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.5934
DF adjustment:   Large sample                   DF:     min       =     141.84
                                                        avg       =   1,273.76
                                                        max       =   5,466.71
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  33,21643.6)   =     297.42
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .6811203   .0323311    21.07   0.000     .6172071    .7450334
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0263327   .0059084    -4.46   0.000    -.0379201   -.0147453
press3_inverse |   .0095119   .0042808     2.22   0.027     .0011101    .0179137
  womenXpress3 |  -.0008022   .0001912    -4.20   0.000    -.0011772   -.0004272
        fh_neg |  -.1814418   .0616254    -2.94   0.003    -.3025029   -.0603808
       log_gdp |  -.3239139   .0452923    -7.15   0.000    -.4129686   -.2348593
pct_protestant |   -.002836   .0011922    -2.38   0.017    -.0051742   -.0004978
  trade_impexp |  -.0004086   .0006976    -0.59   0.558    -.0017776    .0009605
         wecon |  -.0383369   .0462431    -0.83   0.407    -.1290708     .052397
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.1774976   .1642047    -1.08   0.281    -.5016209    .1466257
         1996  |  -.0526511   .1687882    -0.31   0.756    -.3860765    .2807742
         1997  |    .040876   .1517588     0.27   0.788    -.2581641    .3399161
         1998  |  -.0025534    .164486    -0.02   0.988    -.3273223    .3222154
         1999  |  -.0560197   .1387574    -0.40   0.687    -.3289382    .2168988
         2001  |   .1215039   .1615562     0.75   0.453    -.1975237    .4405314
         2002  |   .1056465   .1277434     0.83   0.409    -.1452102    .3565033
         2003  |    .145338   .1296392     1.12   0.263    -.1092955    .3999716
         2004  |   .1644019    .129337     1.27   0.204    -.0895936    .4183974
         2005  |   .2053502   .1280445     1.60   0.109    -.0460221    .4567225
         2006  |    .240132   .1313889     1.83   0.068    -.0178613    .4981253
         2007  |   .2520684   .1310111     1.92   0.055    -.0051194    .5092562
         2008  |   .2976509   .1319075     2.26   0.024     .0387421    .5565598
         2009  |   .3168169    .130902     2.42   0.016     .0598602    .5737736
         2010  |    .327644   .1337855     2.45   0.015     .0649764    .5903115
               |
        region |
            2  |   .1454559   .1476773     0.98   0.325    -.1441299    .4350418
            3  |   .4033952   .1502075     2.69   0.007     .1088134    .6979769
            4  |   .1663991   .1525094     1.09   0.275      -.13258    .4653782
            5  |   .0408367   .1408036     0.29   0.772    -.2352144    .3168878
            6  |    .266744   .1747772     1.53   0.127    -.0758948    .6093829
            7  |   .4234858   .0977337     4.33   0.000     .2318188    .6151529
            8  |   .4222507   .1323493     3.19   0.001     .1626785    .6818229
            9  |   .5625251   .1225874     4.59   0.000     .3219394    .8031108
           10  |   .4505017    .133202     3.38   0.001     .1892832    .7117202
               |
         _cons |    4.05999   .5210219     7.79   0.000     3.033782    5.086197
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |          0
       sigma_e |  .57169348
           rho |          0   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. 
. unique countryid if used==1
Number of unique values of countryid is  76
Number of records is  58800

. 
. mibeta cpi_ti l.cpi_ti pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,176
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3670
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.5934
                                                Complete DF       =       1142
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     108.96
                                                        avg       =     433.04
                                                        max       =     868.17
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  33, 1081.1)   =     297.42
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .6811203   .0323311    21.07   0.000     .6170407    .7451998
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0263327   .0059084    -4.46   0.000    -.0379347   -.0147307
press3_inverse |   .0095119   .0042808     2.22   0.027     .0010984    .0179254
  womenXpress3 |  -.0008022   .0001912    -4.20   0.000    -.0011777   -.0004268
        fh_neg |  -.1814418   .0616254    -2.94   0.003    -.3026884   -.0601952
       log_gdp |  -.3239139   .0452923    -7.15   0.000    -.4131167   -.2347111
pct_protestant |   -.002836   .0011922    -2.38   0.018    -.0051771   -.0004949
  trade_impexp |  -.0004086   .0006976    -0.59   0.558    -.0017795    .0009624
         wecon |  -.0383369   .0462431    -0.83   0.407    -.1291931    .0525193
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.1774976   .1642047    -1.08   0.282    -.5023671    .1473719
         1996  |  -.0526511   .1687882    -0.31   0.756     -.386894    .2815917
         1997  |    .040876   .1517588     0.27   0.788     -.258762     .340514
         1998  |  -.0025534    .164486    -0.02   0.988    -.3280872    .3229803
         1999  |  -.0560197   .1387574    -0.40   0.687    -.3294058    .2173664
         2001  |   .1215039   .1615562     0.75   0.453    -.1982836    .4412913
         2002  |   .1056465   .1277434     0.83   0.409    -.1455811    .3568742
         2003  |    .145338   .1296392     1.12   0.263    -.1096801    .4003561
         2004  |   .1644019    .129337     1.27   0.205    -.0899705    .4187743
         2005  |   .2053502   .1280445     1.60   0.110    -.0463823    .4570827
         2006  |    .240132   .1313889     1.83   0.068    -.0182394    .4985034
         2007  |   .2520684   .1310111     1.92   0.055    -.0054867    .5096234
         2008  |   .2976509   .1319075     2.26   0.025     .0383784    .5569235
         2009  |   .3168169    .130902     2.42   0.016     .0594959    .5741379
         2010  |    .327644   .1337855     2.45   0.015     .0645962    .5906917
               |
        region |
            2  |   .1454559   .1476773     0.98   0.325    -.1444888    .4354006
            3  |   .4033952   .1502075     2.69   0.007     .1084415    .6983489
            4  |   .1663991   .1525094     1.09   0.276    -.1329311    .4657293
            5  |   .0408367   .1408036     0.29   0.772    -.2355438    .3172172
            6  |    .266744   .1747772     1.53   0.127    -.0762988    .6097869
            7  |   .4234858   .0977337     4.33   0.000     .2315778    .6153939
            8  |   .4222507   .1323493     3.19   0.001     .1623483    .6821532
            9  |   .5625251   .1225874     4.59   0.000     .3216061    .8034441
           10  |   .4505017    .133202     3.38   0.001     .1889558    .7120476
               |
         _cons |    4.05999   .5210219     7.79   0.000     3.031805    5.088174
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Standardized coefficients and R-squared
Summary statistics over 50 imputations

             |       mean       min        p25     median        p75       max
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      cpi_ti |
         L1. |   .6829068      .625   .6683133    .683241   .7018943      .738
             |
    pctwomen |  -.1130022     -.136  -.1204595  -.1130696  -.1058166    -.0948
press3_inv~e |   .0659497     .0363   .0556657   .0652376   .0745455      .101
womenXpress3 |  -.0978627     -.116  -.1046498  -.0986992  -.0902041    -.0774
      fh_neg |  -.0786462     -.121  -.0870849  -.0761688  -.0699758    -.0476
     log_gdp |  -.2034289     -.241  -.2112549    -.20324  -.1906803     -.173
pct_protes~t |  -.0320128    -.0451  -.0355153  -.0323308  -.0281178    -.0177
trade_impexp |  -.0066038    -.0198  -.0086954  -.0059012  -.0031174     .0032
       wecon |  -.0107965    -.0301  -.0147488  -.0114859  -.0064536   .000701
             |
        year |
       1995  |  -.0177278    -.0507  -.0256641  -.0152058  -.0110437    .00213
       1996  |  -.0052381    -.0261  -.0153511  -.0056155   .0036661     .0258
       1997  |   .0041026    -.0244  -.0026246   .0028043   .0103724     .0244
       1998  |  -.0002359    -.0214  -.0088581  -.0005965   .0068069     .0243
       1999  |  -.0057363    -.0274  -.0098382  -.0070652  -.0009619     .0172
       2001  |   .0126942    -.0115   .0027338   .0123298   .0229093     .0377
       2002  |   .0110269  -.000149   .0062156   .0100936   .0157607     .0266
       2003  |   .0151739   -.00188   .0101134   .0154129   .0197959     .0354
       2004  |   .0171608    .00535   .0114191   .0166329   .0226679     .0331
       2005  |   .0214333     .0076   .0165534   .0204401    .026069     .0387
       2006  |   .0249093    .00863   .0207047   .0246985   .0299041     .0426
       2007  |   .0259817     .0145   .0206901   .0250828   .0310303     .0437
       2008  |   .0306806     .0178   .0256313   .0297644   .0359399      .048
       2009  |   .0324496     .0191   .0276628   .0318954   .0375966     .0504
       2010  |   .0335554     .0192    .028786   .0327601   .0386223     .0534
             |
      region |
          2  |   .0117105    .00261   .0089958   .0118864    .013546     .0241
          3  |   .0338723     .0219   .0306589    .034348   .0365785     .0468
          4  |   .0132576    .00559   .0102366   .0127357   .0170089     .0201
          5  |   .0034266   -.00655   .0011642   .0028763   .0065709     .0108
          6  |   .0184189    .00879   .0161686   .0187871   .0204788     .0254
          7  |   .0771033     .0643   .0734315   .0772033    .080576      .093
          8  |   .0451242     .0318   .0405832   .0446995   .0488006     .0601
          9  |   .0861491     .0666   .0792452    .086113    .089906      .113
         10  |   .0822164     .0634   .0760554   .0824842   .0880039      .104
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
    R-square |   .9220678      .905   .9182182   .9213936   .9262802      .933
Adj R-square |   .9198158      .902    .915855   .9191221   .9241499      .931
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. 
. ****
. * ICRG Corruption Measure
. ****
. 
. * load in the data
. clear

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. * recode the DV
. rename icrg_corr icrg_corr_o

. gen icrg_corr = 6 - icrg_corr_o
(292 missing values generated)

. 
. * create interaction variable
. gen womenXpress3=pctwomen*press3_inverse
(241 missing values generated)

. 
. * generate multiple imputation data sets
. ice icrg_corr pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1, passive(womenXpress3: pct
> women*press3_inverse) seed(123456) m(50) saving(wb_imputed, replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      1,297       64.79       64.79
          1 |         18        0.90       65.68
          2 |        177        8.84       74.53
          3 |          2        0.10       74.63
          . |        508       25.37      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
  icrg_corr |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | icrg_corr pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg
            |         | log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp
trade_imp~p | regress | icrg_corr pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg
            |         | log_gdp pct_protestant wecon
press3_in~e | regress | icrg_corr pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant
            |         | trade_impexp wecon
womenXpre~3 |         | [Passively imputed from pctwomen*press3_inverse]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): xtreg icrg_corr l.icrg_corr pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.
> year i.region if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =      1,417

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         11
                                                              avg =       18.6
                                                              max =         20
                                                Average RVI       =     0.0056
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.1329
DF adjustment:   Large sample                   DF:     min       =   2,801.52
                                                        avg       =   3.25e+09
                                                        max       =   9.79e+10
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  37, 5.6e+07)  =     498.43
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     icrg_corr |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     icrg_corr |
           L1. |   .8563296   .0124839    68.59   0.000     .8318616    .8807977
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0093554   .0024906    -3.76   0.000     -.014237   -.0044738
press3_inverse |   .0039731   .0018047     2.20   0.028     .0004344    .0075118
  womenXpress3 |  -.0002071   .0000809    -2.56   0.010    -.0003656   -.0000485
        fh_neg |  -.0672928   .0239006    -2.82   0.005     -.114144   -.0204416
       log_gdp |   -.038779   .0142361    -2.72   0.006    -.0666813   -.0108767
pct_protestant |  -.0005641   .0005172    -1.09   0.275    -.0015779    .0004496
  trade_impexp |   .0002878   .0002918     0.99   0.324    -.0002841    .0008597
         wecon |   .0544554   .0200516     2.72   0.007     .0151548    .0937559
               |
          year |
         1991  |  -.2135602   .0633066    -3.37   0.001    -.3376389   -.0894816
         1992  |  -.3217756   .0617648    -5.21   0.000    -.4428325   -.2007188
         1993  |  -.2564578   .0610543    -4.20   0.000    -.3761221   -.1367936
         1994  |  -.1374187   .0601126    -2.29   0.022    -.2552373   -.0196002
         1995  |  -.0831444   .0592335    -1.40   0.160    -.1992399     .032951
         1996  |  -.1083062   .0590199    -1.84   0.066     -.223983    .0073707
         1997  |   .0021855   .0586785     0.04   0.970    -.1128223    .1171933
         1998  |  -.0153969   .0585326    -0.26   0.793    -.1301187     .099325
         1999  |   .0194366    .058404     0.33   0.739    -.0950332    .1339064
         2001  |   .0778078   .0571446     1.36   0.173    -.0341936    .1898092
         2002  |   .4793415   .0572385     8.37   0.000     .3671561    .5915268
         2003  |   .0162511   .0582471     0.28   0.780    -.0979112    .1304134
         2004  |   .0815027   .0584624     1.39   0.163    -.0330814    .1960869
         2005  |  -.0078608   .0588911    -0.13   0.894    -.1232852    .1075636
         2006  |   .1156599   .0594045     1.95   0.052    -.0007708    .2320905
         2007  |   .0632403   .0600952     1.05   0.293    -.0545441    .1810247
         2008  |   .0555742   .0607579     0.91   0.360    -.0635092    .1746576
         2009  |   .0241566   .0603551     0.40   0.689    -.0941373    .1424505
         2010  |  -.0152488   .0607581    -0.25   0.802    -.1343326    .1038349
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0330655   .0645636    -0.51   0.609    -.1596078    .0934768
            3  |  -.0173963   .0639466    -0.27   0.786    -.1427294    .1079368
            4  |  -.0108315   .0682215    -0.16   0.874    -.1445432    .1228802
            5  |  -.0542628   .0623792    -0.87   0.384    -.1765239    .0679983
            6  |   -.003006   .0775326    -0.04   0.969    -.1549671     .148955
            7  |   .0286319   .0420119     0.68   0.496    -.0537098    .1109737
            8  |   -.012377   .0560026    -0.22   0.825    -.1221402    .0973862
            9  |   .0702136   .0490926     1.43   0.153    -.0260062    .1664334
           10  |  -.0488296   .0566874    -0.86   0.389    -.1599349    .0622756
               |
         _cons |   .6902988   .1488749     4.64   0.000     .3985094    .9820882
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |          0
       sigma_e |  .34654679
           rho |          0   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. 
. eststo icrg_est: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =      1,417

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         11
                                                              avg =       18.6
                                                              max =         20
                                                Average RVI       =     0.0056
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.1329
DF adjustment:   Large sample                   DF:     min       =   2,801.52
                                                        avg       =   3.25e+09
                                                        max       =   9.79e+10
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  37, 5.6e+07)  =     498.43
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     icrg_corr |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     icrg_corr |
           L1. |   .8563296   .0124839    68.59   0.000     .8318616    .8807977
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0093554   .0024906    -3.76   0.000     -.014237   -.0044738
press3_inverse |   .0039731   .0018047     2.20   0.028     .0004344    .0075118
  womenXpress3 |  -.0002071   .0000809    -2.56   0.010    -.0003656   -.0000485
        fh_neg |  -.0672928   .0239006    -2.82   0.005     -.114144   -.0204416
       log_gdp |   -.038779   .0142361    -2.72   0.006    -.0666813   -.0108767
pct_protestant |  -.0005641   .0005172    -1.09   0.275    -.0015779    .0004496
  trade_impexp |   .0002878   .0002918     0.99   0.324    -.0002841    .0008597
         wecon |   .0544554   .0200516     2.72   0.007     .0151548    .0937559
               |
          year |
         1991  |  -.2135602   .0633066    -3.37   0.001    -.3376389   -.0894816
         1992  |  -.3217756   .0617648    -5.21   0.000    -.4428325   -.2007188
         1993  |  -.2564578   .0610543    -4.20   0.000    -.3761221   -.1367936
         1994  |  -.1374187   .0601126    -2.29   0.022    -.2552373   -.0196002
         1995  |  -.0831444   .0592335    -1.40   0.160    -.1992399     .032951
         1996  |  -.1083062   .0590199    -1.84   0.066     -.223983    .0073707
         1997  |   .0021855   .0586785     0.04   0.970    -.1128223    .1171933
         1998  |  -.0153969   .0585326    -0.26   0.793    -.1301187     .099325
         1999  |   .0194366    .058404     0.33   0.739    -.0950332    .1339064
         2001  |   .0778078   .0571446     1.36   0.173    -.0341936    .1898092
         2002  |   .4793415   .0572385     8.37   0.000     .3671561    .5915268
         2003  |   .0162511   .0582471     0.28   0.780    -.0979112    .1304134
         2004  |   .0815027   .0584624     1.39   0.163    -.0330814    .1960869
         2005  |  -.0078608   .0588911    -0.13   0.894    -.1232852    .1075636
         2006  |   .1156599   .0594045     1.95   0.052    -.0007708    .2320905
         2007  |   .0632403   .0600952     1.05   0.293    -.0545441    .1810247
         2008  |   .0555742   .0607579     0.91   0.360    -.0635092    .1746576
         2009  |   .0241566   .0603551     0.40   0.689    -.0941373    .1424505
         2010  |  -.0152488   .0607581    -0.25   0.802    -.1343326    .1038349
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0330655   .0645636    -0.51   0.609    -.1596078    .0934768
            3  |  -.0173963   .0639466    -0.27   0.786    -.1427294    .1079368
            4  |  -.0108315   .0682215    -0.16   0.874    -.1445432    .1228802
            5  |  -.0542628   .0623792    -0.87   0.384    -.1765239    .0679983
            6  |   -.003006   .0775326    -0.04   0.969    -.1549671     .148955
            7  |   .0286319   .0420119     0.68   0.496    -.0537098    .1109737
            8  |   -.012377   .0560026    -0.22   0.825    -.1221402    .0973862
            9  |   .0702136   .0490926     1.43   0.153    -.0260062    .1664334
           10  |  -.0488296   .0566874    -0.86   0.389    -.1599349    .0622756
               |
         _cons |   .6902988   .1488749     4.64   0.000     .3985094    .9820882
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |          0
       sigma_e |  .34654679
           rho |          0   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. 
. unique countryid if used==1
Number of unique values of countryid is  76
Number of records is  70850

. 
. mibeta icrg_corr l.icrg_corr pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region if exclude_ne
> w!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,417
                                                Average RVI       =     0.0056
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.1329
                                                Complete DF       =       1379
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     837.63
                                                        avg       =   1,349.66
                                                        max       =   1,376.97
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  37, 1376.9)   =     498.43
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     icrg_corr |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     icrg_corr |
           L1. |   .8563296   .0124839    68.59   0.000     .8318401    .8808192
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0093554   .0024906    -3.76   0.000    -.0142414   -.0044694
press3_inverse |   .0039731   .0018047     2.20   0.028     .0004308    .0075154
  womenXpress3 |  -.0002071   .0000809    -2.56   0.011    -.0003658   -.0000484
        fh_neg |  -.0672928   .0239006    -2.82   0.005    -.1141887   -.0203969
       log_gdp |   -.038779   .0142361    -2.72   0.007    -.0667059   -.0108522
pct_protestant |  -.0005641   .0005172    -1.09   0.276    -.0015788    .0004505
  trade_impexp |   .0002878   .0002918     0.99   0.324    -.0002846    .0008602
         wecon |   .0544554   .0200516     2.72   0.007     .0151198    .0937909
               |
          year |
         1991  |  -.2135602   .0633066    -3.37   0.001    -.3377482   -.0893723
         1992  |  -.3217756   .0617648    -5.21   0.000    -.4429393    -.200612
         1993  |  -.2564578   .0610543    -4.20   0.000    -.3762274   -.1366882
         1994  |  -.1374187   .0601126    -2.29   0.022    -.2553409   -.0194965
         1995  |  -.0831444   .0592335    -1.40   0.161    -.1993421    .0330532
         1996  |  -.1083062   .0590199    -1.84   0.067    -.2240848    .0074725
         1997  |   .0021855   .0586785     0.04   0.970    -.1129235    .1172945
         1998  |  -.0153969   .0585326    -0.26   0.793    -.1302197    .0994259
         1999  |   .0194366    .058404     0.33   0.739    -.0951339    .1340071
         2001  |   .0778078   .0571446     1.36   0.174    -.0342921    .1899078
         2002  |   .4793415   .0572385     8.37   0.000     .3670574    .5916255
         2003  |   .0162511   .0582471     0.28   0.780    -.0980117    .1305139
         2004  |   .0815027   .0584624     1.39   0.164    -.0331823    .1961878
         2005  |  -.0078608   .0588911    -0.13   0.894    -.1233869    .1076653
         2006  |   .1156599   .0594045     1.95   0.052    -.0008734    .2321931
         2007  |   .0632403   .0600952     1.05   0.293    -.0546478    .1811284
         2008  |   .0555742   .0607579     0.91   0.361    -.0636142    .1747625
         2009  |   .0241566   .0603551     0.40   0.689    -.0942415    .1425547
         2010  |  -.0152488   .0607581    -0.25   0.802    -.1344375    .1039398
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0330655   .0645636    -0.51   0.609    -.1597197    .0935887
            3  |  -.0173963   .0639466    -0.27   0.786    -.1428398    .1080472
            4  |  -.0108315   .0682215    -0.16   0.874     -.144661     .122998
            5  |  -.0542628   .0623792    -0.87   0.385    -.1766319    .0681062
            6  |   -.003006   .0775326    -0.04   0.969    -.1551011     .149089
            7  |   .0286319   .0420119     0.68   0.496    -.0537824    .1110462
            8  |   -.012377   .0560026    -0.22   0.825    -.1222373    .0974834
            9  |   .0702136   .0490926     1.43   0.153     -.026091    .1665182
           10  |  -.0488296   .0566874    -0.86   0.389    -.1600328    .0623735
               |
         _cons |   .6902988   .1488749     4.64   0.000     .3982523    .9823454
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Standardized coefficients and R-squared
Summary statistics over 50 imputations

             |       mean       min        p25     median        p75       max
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   icrg_corr |
         L1. |   .8640911      .863   .8638164   .8641216    .864302      .865
             |
    pctwomen |  -.0719109    -.0786  -.0741421  -.0718576  -.0701359     -.065
press3_inv~e |   .0491879     .0319   .0437403   .0500655    .053615     .0693
womenXpress3 |  -.0444512    -.0511  -.0461928  -.0440753  -.0429371    -.0379
      fh_neg |  -.0527755    -.0652   -.055309  -.0531836  -.0492654    -.0416
     log_gdp |  -.0433882    -.0444  -.0438991  -.0433681  -.0429849    -.0423
pct_protes~t |  -.0114433    -.0128  -.0117895  -.0113759  -.0110589    -.0105
trade_impexp |   .0083532    .00684   .0077759   .0083424   .0089111    .00967
       wecon |    .027039     .0247   .0263293   .0272716   .0275344     .0295
             |
        year |
       1991  |  -.0312491    -.0319  -.0314603  -.0312841  -.0310149    -.0303
       1992  |  -.0490869    -.0501  -.0493897  -.0490678   -.048775    -.0482
       1993  |  -.0400445    -.0407  -.0401781  -.0400637  -.0399108    -.0396
       1994  |  -.0219378    -.0224   -.022009  -.0219328  -.0218728    -.0217
       1995  |  -.0135566    -.0143   -.013733  -.0135311  -.0134111    -.0132
       1996  |  -.0176591    -.0179  -.0177327  -.0176706  -.0175907    -.0174
       1997  |   .0003588   .000106   .0003073   .0003595   .0004147   .000574
       1998  |  -.0025276   -.00278  -.0025918  -.0025244  -.0024743   -.00225
       1999  |   .0031908    .00311   .0031527   .0031866   .0032343    .00327
       2001  |   .0132798      .013   .0132052   .0132782   .0133523     .0135
       2002  |   .0818113     .0816   .0817422   .0818193   .0818684      .082
       2003  |   .0027736    .00231   .0026001   .0028048   .0029029    .00328
       2004  |   .0139104     .0132   .0136661   .0139327    .014102     .0147
       2005  |  -.0013416   -.00216   -.001615  -.0013394  -.0011243  -.000389
       2006  |   .0196172     .0188   .0193483   .0196136   .0198109     .0207
       2007  |   .0106585    .00991   .0104075   .0106674    .010875     .0117
       2008  |   .0093664    .00856   .0091091   .0093344   .0095978     .0105
       2009  |   .0040452    .00325   .0037763   .0040231   .0042544    .00495
       2010  |  -.0025535   -.00329  -.0028019  -.0025942   -.002324   -.00162
             |
      region |
          2  |  -.0048383    -.0061  -.0052565  -.0048321   -.004353   -.00314
          3  |  -.0026538   -.00331  -.0028425  -.0026309  -.0024623   -.00199
          4  |   -.001557   -.00219   -.001845  -.0015566  -.0012918   -.00102
          5  |  -.0082778   -.00969  -.0086613  -.0081875  -.0078134   -.00726
          6  |  -.0003772  -.000997  -.0006727  -.0003957  -.0001754    .00058
          7  |   .0093633    .00837   .0090773   .0093165   .0096642     .0105
          8  |   -.002379   -.00408  -.0028336  -.0024848  -.0018863  -.000619
          9  |   .0184418     .0173   .0180104   .0183589   .0186258     .0203
         10  |  -.0160887    -.0178  -.0165994  -.0160411  -.0156359    -.0143
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
    R-square |   .9308068      .931   .9307576   .9307984   .9308594      .931
Adj R-square |   .9289502      .929   .9288998   .9289417   .9290043      .929
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. 
. 
. ****
. * World Bank Governance Indicator Measure
. ****
. 
. clear

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. * recode the DV
. rename wb_corr wb_corr_o

. gen wb_corr = 2.6 - wb_corr_o
(816 missing values generated)

. 
. * create interaction variable
. gen womenXpress3=pctwomen*press3_inverse
(241 missing values generated)

. 
. * generate multiple imputation data sets
. ice wb_corr pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1995, seed(123456) m
> (50) saving(wb_imputed, replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |        877       43.81       43.81
          1 |        298       14.89       58.69
          2 |          5        0.25       58.94
          . |        822       41.06      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
press3_in~e |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
womenXpre~3 |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | wb_corr pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg
            |         | log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp
trade_imp~p | regress | wb_corr pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg
            |         | log_gdp pct_protestant wecon
    wb_corr | regress | pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): xtreg wb_corr l.wb_corr pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year
>  i.region if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =      1,109

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         10
                                                              avg =       14.6
                                                              max =         15
                                                Average RVI       =     0.2916
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6201
DF adjustment:   Large sample                   DF:     min       =     129.83
                                                        avg       =   2,202.17
                                                        max       =   4,353.80
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  32,29912.8)   =     178.57
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       wb_corr |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       wb_corr |
           L1. |   .3681082   .0399864     9.21   0.000     .2892166    .4469999
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0200219   .0034991    -5.72   0.000    -.0268851   -.0131588
press3_inverse |   .0025958   .0023882     1.09   0.277    -.0020874     .007279
  womenXpress3 |  -.0005447   .0001102    -4.94   0.000    -.0007608   -.0003287
        fh_neg |  -.1380461   .0357473    -3.86   0.000    -.2082174   -.0678749
       log_gdp |   -.272258   .0250223   -10.88   0.000    -.3214059     -.22311
pct_protestant |  -.0016442   .0006837    -2.40   0.016    -.0029849   -.0003034
  trade_impexp |   .0004162   .0003951     1.05   0.292    -.0003588    .0011912
         wecon |  -.0250915   .0259235    -0.97   0.333    -.0759227    .0257398
               |
          year |
         1996  |  -.0738204   .0709958    -1.04   0.299    -.2131093    .0654685
         1997  |   .2305489   .0913721     2.52   0.012     .0502609    .4108369
         1998  |  -.0504893   .0683451    -0.74   0.460    -.1845168    .0835382
         1999  |   .2182043   .0999322     2.18   0.031     .0204979    .4159107
         2001  |   .1832091   .0850914     2.15   0.032      .015503    .3509153
         2002  |   .1039546   .0684578     1.52   0.129    -.0303405    .2382498
         2003  |   .1261641   .0652947     1.93   0.053    -.0018467     .254175
         2004  |   .1937412    .065644     2.95   0.003     .0650443    .3224381
         2005  |    .248336   .0661401     3.75   0.000     .1186659     .378006
         2006  |   .2448769   .0672421     3.64   0.000      .113046    .3767077
         2007  |   .3071655   .0676781     4.54   0.000     .1744796    .4398515
         2008  |   .3110142   .0689474     4.51   0.000     .1758393    .4461892
         2009  |    .317169   .0680106     4.66   0.000     .1838332    .4505048
         2010  |   .3221377   .0688645     4.68   0.000     .1871252    .4571503
               |
        region |
            2  |   .0674586   .0861354     0.78   0.434    -.1014298     .236347
            3  |   .3373376   .0873338     3.86   0.000     .1660856    .5085895
            4  |   .1209224   .0919246     1.32   0.188    -.0593357    .3011805
            5  |   .1829619   .0855916     2.14   0.033     .0150962    .3508275
            6  |   .3036661   .1053146     2.88   0.004     .0971476    .5101846
            7  |   .3671963   .0576714     6.37   0.000     .2540942    .4802985
            8  |   .4296462   .0798822     5.38   0.000     .2729536    .5863388
            9  |   .4409378   .0688506     6.40   0.000     .3059008    .5759748
           10  |    .329138   .0799428     4.12   0.000      .172318     .485958
               |
         _cons |   3.201694   .2735903    11.70   0.000     2.663766    3.739622
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |          0
       sigma_e |  .31075946
           rho |          0   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. 
. eststo wbgi_est: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =      1,109

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         10
                                                              avg =       14.6
                                                              max =         15
                                                Average RVI       =     0.2916
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6201
DF adjustment:   Large sample                   DF:     min       =     129.83
                                                        avg       =   2,202.17
                                                        max       =   4,353.80
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  32,29912.8)   =     178.57
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       wb_corr |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       wb_corr |
           L1. |   .3681082   .0399864     9.21   0.000     .2892166    .4469999
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0200219   .0034991    -5.72   0.000    -.0268851   -.0131588
press3_inverse |   .0025958   .0023882     1.09   0.277    -.0020874     .007279
  womenXpress3 |  -.0005447   .0001102    -4.94   0.000    -.0007608   -.0003287
        fh_neg |  -.1380461   .0357473    -3.86   0.000    -.2082174   -.0678749
       log_gdp |   -.272258   .0250223   -10.88   0.000    -.3214059     -.22311
pct_protestant |  -.0016442   .0006837    -2.40   0.016    -.0029849   -.0003034
  trade_impexp |   .0004162   .0003951     1.05   0.292    -.0003588    .0011912
         wecon |  -.0250915   .0259235    -0.97   0.333    -.0759227    .0257398
               |
          year |
         1996  |  -.0738204   .0709958    -1.04   0.299    -.2131093    .0654685
         1997  |   .2305489   .0913721     2.52   0.012     .0502609    .4108369
         1998  |  -.0504893   .0683451    -0.74   0.460    -.1845168    .0835382
         1999  |   .2182043   .0999322     2.18   0.031     .0204979    .4159107
         2001  |   .1832091   .0850914     2.15   0.032      .015503    .3509153
         2002  |   .1039546   .0684578     1.52   0.129    -.0303405    .2382498
         2003  |   .1261641   .0652947     1.93   0.053    -.0018467     .254175
         2004  |   .1937412    .065644     2.95   0.003     .0650443    .3224381
         2005  |    .248336   .0661401     3.75   0.000     .1186659     .378006
         2006  |   .2448769   .0672421     3.64   0.000      .113046    .3767077
         2007  |   .3071655   .0676781     4.54   0.000     .1744796    .4398515
         2008  |   .3110142   .0689474     4.51   0.000     .1758393    .4461892
         2009  |    .317169   .0680106     4.66   0.000     .1838332    .4505048
         2010  |   .3221377   .0688645     4.68   0.000     .1871252    .4571503
               |
        region |
            2  |   .0674586   .0861354     0.78   0.434    -.1014298     .236347
            3  |   .3373376   .0873338     3.86   0.000     .1660856    .5085895
            4  |   .1209224   .0919246     1.32   0.188    -.0593357    .3011805
            5  |   .1829619   .0855916     2.14   0.033     .0150962    .3508275
            6  |   .3036661   .1053146     2.88   0.004     .0971476    .5101846
            7  |   .3671963   .0576714     6.37   0.000     .2540942    .4802985
            8  |   .4296462   .0798822     5.38   0.000     .2729536    .5863388
            9  |   .4409378   .0688506     6.40   0.000     .3059008    .5759748
           10  |    .329138   .0799428     4.12   0.000      .172318     .485958
               |
         _cons |   3.201694   .2735903    11.70   0.000     2.663766    3.739622
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |          0
       sigma_e |  .31075946
           rho |          0   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. 
. unique countryid if used==1
Number of unique values of countryid is  76
Number of records is  55450

. 
. mibeta wb_corr l.wb_corr pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,109
                                                Average RVI       =     0.2916
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6201
                                                Complete DF       =       1076
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =      98.85
                                                        avg       =     572.59
                                                        max       =     786.61
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  32, 1035.3)   =     178.57
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       wb_corr |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       wb_corr |
           L1. |   .3681082   .0399864     9.21   0.000     .2890311    .4471854
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0200219   .0034991    -5.72   0.000    -.0268944   -.0131494
press3_inverse |   .0025958   .0023882     1.09   0.277    -.0020936    .0072851
  womenXpress3 |  -.0005447   .0001102    -4.94   0.000    -.0007611   -.0003284
        fh_neg |  -.1380461   .0357473    -3.86   0.000     -.208323   -.0677692
       log_gdp |   -.272258   .0250223   -10.88   0.000    -.3214847   -.2230313
pct_protestant |  -.0016442   .0006837    -2.40   0.016    -.0029867   -.0003017
  trade_impexp |   .0004162   .0003951     1.05   0.293    -.0003598    .0011922
         wecon |  -.0250915   .0259235    -0.97   0.333    -.0759889    .0258059
               |
          year |
         1996  |  -.0738204   .0709958    -1.04   0.299    -.2133063    .0656655
         1997  |   .2305489   .0913721     2.52   0.013     .0498343    .4112636
         1998  |  -.0504893   .0683451    -0.74   0.460    -.1846947     .083716
         1999  |   .2182043   .0999322     2.18   0.031     .0199132    .4164953
         2001  |   .1832091   .0850914     2.15   0.033     .0151411    .3512772
         2002  |   .1039546   .0684578     1.52   0.129    -.0305279    .2384371
         2003  |   .1261641   .0652947     1.93   0.054    -.0020083    .2543366
         2004  |   .1937412    .065644     2.95   0.003     .0648815    .3226009
         2005  |    .248336   .0661401     3.75   0.000     .1185017    .3781702
         2006  |   .2448769   .0672421     3.64   0.000      .112879    .3768748
         2007  |   .3071655   .0676781     4.54   0.000     .1743114    .4400196
         2008  |   .3110142   .0689474     4.51   0.000     .1756679    .4463606
         2009  |    .317169   .0680106     4.66   0.000     .1836647    .4506733
         2010  |   .3221377   .0688645     4.68   0.000     .1869539    .4573216
               |
        region |
            2  |   .0674586   .0861354     0.78   0.434    -.1016479     .236565
            3  |   .3373376   .0873338     3.86   0.000     .1658613    .5088138
            4  |   .1209224   .0919246     1.32   0.189    -.0595727    .3014176
            5  |   .1829619   .0855916     2.14   0.033     .0148699    .3510538
            6  |   .3036661   .1053146     2.88   0.004     .0968753     .510457
            7  |   .3671963   .0576714     6.37   0.000     .2539428    .4804499
            8  |   .4296462   .0798822     5.38   0.000     .2727376    .5865547
            9  |   .4409378   .0688506     6.40   0.000     .3057179    .5761577
           10  |    .329138   .0799428     4.12   0.000     .1721002    .4861758
               |
         _cons |   3.201694   .2735903    11.70   0.000     2.662817    3.740571
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Standardized coefficients and R-squared
Summary statistics over 50 imputations

             |       mean       min        p25     median        p75       max
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     wb_corr |
         L1. |   .3684144      .305   .3528614   .3669096   .3868883      .431
             |
    pctwomen |  -.1933377     -.221   -.202195  -.1938271  -.1827497     -.162
press3_inv~e |   .0404393     .0105   .0293046   .0423617   .0527926      .061
womenXpress3 |  -.1501188     -.177    -.15755  -.1487962  -.1436471     -.124
      fh_neg |  -.1329852     -.169  -.1454037  -.1330579  -.1197157    -.0922
     log_gdp |  -.3827678     -.427  -.3960108  -.3798291  -.3693593     -.354
pct_protes~t |  -.0416379    -.0541  -.0460089  -.0428901  -.0373241    -.0277
trade_impexp |   .0150317    .00312   .0115625   .0143787   .0189027     .0313
       wecon |  -.0158455    -.0265  -.0197754  -.0156851  -.0124497   -.00313
             |
        year |
       1996  |  -.0169932    -.0356    -.02162   -.018495  -.0125389    .00327
       1997  |   .0533932     .0204   .0393359   .0561449   .0641444     .0921
       1998  |  -.0116884    -.0241   -.016565  -.0110857  -.0087944    .00112
       1999  |   .0522123     .0135   .0386591   .0511821   .0661516     .0979
       2001  |   .0441066    .00473   .0353641   .0464883    .052937     .0722
       2002  |    .025031     .0103   .0204192   .0258024   .0303665     .0395
       2003  |   .0303762       .02   .0271588   .0295556   .0342157     .0422
       2004  |   .0466465     .0363   .0432402   .0454139   .0502349     .0581
       2005  |    .059791     .0488   .0560378   .0587977   .0633199     .0705
       2006  |   .0585968     .0474   .0545291   .0582506   .0622984     .0686
       2007  |   .0730459      .061   .0692754    .072835   .0756493     .0836
       2008  |   .0739609      .062   .0701629   .0738972   .0772448     .0847
       2009  |     .07495     .0636   .0711565   .0745371    .077875     .0854
       2010  |   .0761238     .0641   .0724299      .0756   .0788731     .0866
             |
      region |
          2  |   .0121329     .0012   .0086791   .0112129   .0146844     .0274
          3  |    .063422      .054   .0587265   .0626208   .0673826     .0783
          4  |   .0214852     .0083   .0173692   .0206673   .0264095     .0325
          5  |   .0344036     .0176   .0296613   .0340655    .037933     .0522
          6  |   .0469493     .0335    .043725   .0460632   .0514502     .0592
          7  |   .1497991      .128   .1443032   .1494766   .1553334      .171
          8  |   .1028149     .0883   .0976747    .102582    .107045      .125
          9  |   .1535322      .135   .1475602   .1519986   .1593133      .178
         10  |   .1346161      .103   .1268977   .1350926   .1426349      .173
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
    R-square |     .87333      .861   .8692785   .8741147   .8772939      .887
Adj R-square |   .8695629      .856   .8653908   .8703709   .8736446      .883
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. esttab ti_est icrg_est wbgi_est using re-press.rtf, replace order(L.cpi_ti L.icrg_corr L.wb_corr pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_n
> eg log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon) keep(L.cpi_ti L.icrg_corr L.wb_corr pctwomen press3_inverse womenXpress3 fh_neg log_gdp pct_
> protestant trade_impexp wecon) mtitles("TI CPI" "ICRG" "WBGI") coeflabels(L.cpi_ti "lag TI CPI" L.icrg_corr "lag ICRG" L.wb_corr "lag WBGI
> " pctwomen "% women in lower house" press3_inverse "press freedom" womenXpress3 "% women * press freedom" fh_neg "FH Freedom" log_gdp "log
>  GDP per capita" pct_protestant "% protestant" trade_impexp "trade imbalance (% of GDP)" wecon "women's economic rights" _cons "constant")
>  noabbrev wrap gaps varwidth(25) align(r)
(output written to re-press.rtf)

. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. ***************************************************************************
. * parliamentary vs. presidential systems
. ***************************************************************************
. 
. 
. clear all

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. * create interaction
. gen womenXpres=pctwomen*pres_new
(13 missing values generated)

. 
. ****
. * Transparency International Measure
. ****
. 
. * recode the DV
. rename cpi_ti cpi_ti_o

. gen cpi_ti = 10 - cpi_ti_o
(739 missing values generated)

. 
. * generate multiple imputation data sets
. ice cpi_ti pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1994, seed(123456) m(50) savi
> ng(wb_imputed, replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      1,016       50.75       50.75
          1 |        228       11.39       62.14
          2 |          5        0.25       62.39
          . |        753       37.61      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
   pres_new |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
 womenXpres |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | cpi_ti pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp
trade_imp~p | regress | cpi_ti pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant wecon
     cpi_ti | regress | pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): xtreg cpi_ti l.cpi_ti pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region 
> if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =      1,176

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         11
                                                              avg =       15.5
                                                              max =         16
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3749
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6072
DF adjustment:   Large sample                   DF:     min       =     135.47
                                                        avg       =   1,465.55
                                                        max       =   7,047.95
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  33,20988.7)   =     282.92
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .6825064   .0328803    20.76   0.000     .6174813    .7475315
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0106226   .0036709    -2.89   0.004    -.0178193   -.0034259
      pres_new |  -.1597822   .1049638    -1.52   0.128    -.3656002    .0460359
    womenXpres |   .0140438   .0056121     2.50   0.012     .0030394    .0250482
        fh_neg |  -.1779031   .0406991    -4.37   0.000    -.2577892    -.098017
       log_gdp |  -.3148264   .0456975    -6.89   0.000    -.4046672   -.2249856
pct_protestant |  -.0044965   .0011854    -3.79   0.000    -.0068228   -.0021703
  trade_impexp |  -.0004219   .0007239    -0.58   0.560    -.0018426    .0009988
         wecon |  -.0617992    .047319    -1.31   0.192    -.1546588    .0310604
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.1874629   .1700142    -1.10   0.272    -.5231428     .148217
         1996  |  -.0936778   .1748297    -0.54   0.593    -.4391235    .2517679
         1997  |   .0175044   .1566188     0.11   0.911    -.2911637    .3261725
         1998  |  -.0040414   .1704014    -0.02   0.981    -.3405752    .3324923
         1999  |  -.0827844   .1436345    -0.58   0.565    -.3653597    .1997909
         2001  |    .094741   .1675978     0.57   0.573    -.2363195    .4258015
         2002  |   .0732391    .131878     0.56   0.579    -.1857748     .332253
         2003  |   .1076116   .1339871     0.80   0.422    -.1556178     .370841
         2004  |   .1360227    .133326     1.02   0.308    -.1258566     .397902
         2005  |   .1802831   .1316957     1.37   0.171    -.0783031    .4388694
         2006  |   .2288744   .1348809     1.70   0.090    -.0360185    .4937672
         2007  |   .2374236   .1351133     1.76   0.079    -.0278719    .5027192
         2008  |   .2844517   .1356004     2.10   0.036     .0182501    .5506532
         2009  |   .3198257   .1347172     2.37   0.018     .0553261    .5843253
         2010  |   .3387401    .138121     2.45   0.014     .0674841     .609996
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0606759   .1444544    -0.42   0.674    -.3439343    .2225825
            3  |   .2968505    .152919     1.94   0.052    -.0030452    .5967461
            4  |   .0294137    .155165     0.19   0.850    -.2747628    .3335902
            5  |  -.0659964   .1474331    -0.45   0.654    -.3550726    .2230798
            6  |   .0270241   .1791494     0.15   0.880    -.3241625    .3782107
            7  |   .3298452   .0989903     3.33   0.001     .1357382    .5239522
            8  |   .3895253   .1347382     2.89   0.004      .125256    .6537945
            9  |   .4701183   .1288133     3.65   0.000     .2173635     .722873
           10  |   .3259308   .1333364     2.44   0.015     .0644506     .587411
               |
         _cons |   3.957446    .526337     7.52   0.000     2.921287    4.993605
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |          0
       sigma_e |  .58162259
           rho |          0   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. eststo ti_est: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =      1,176

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         11
                                                              avg =       15.5
                                                              max =         16
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3749
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6072
DF adjustment:   Large sample                   DF:     min       =     135.47
                                                        avg       =   1,465.55
                                                        max       =   7,047.95
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  33,20988.7)   =     282.92
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .6825064   .0328803    20.76   0.000     .6174813    .7475315
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0106226   .0036709    -2.89   0.004    -.0178193   -.0034259
      pres_new |  -.1597822   .1049638    -1.52   0.128    -.3656002    .0460359
    womenXpres |   .0140438   .0056121     2.50   0.012     .0030394    .0250482
        fh_neg |  -.1779031   .0406991    -4.37   0.000    -.2577892    -.098017
       log_gdp |  -.3148264   .0456975    -6.89   0.000    -.4046672   -.2249856
pct_protestant |  -.0044965   .0011854    -3.79   0.000    -.0068228   -.0021703
  trade_impexp |  -.0004219   .0007239    -0.58   0.560    -.0018426    .0009988
         wecon |  -.0617992    .047319    -1.31   0.192    -.1546588    .0310604
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.1874629   .1700142    -1.10   0.272    -.5231428     .148217
         1996  |  -.0936778   .1748297    -0.54   0.593    -.4391235    .2517679
         1997  |   .0175044   .1566188     0.11   0.911    -.2911637    .3261725
         1998  |  -.0040414   .1704014    -0.02   0.981    -.3405752    .3324923
         1999  |  -.0827844   .1436345    -0.58   0.565    -.3653597    .1997909
         2001  |    .094741   .1675978     0.57   0.573    -.2363195    .4258015
         2002  |   .0732391    .131878     0.56   0.579    -.1857748     .332253
         2003  |   .1076116   .1339871     0.80   0.422    -.1556178     .370841
         2004  |   .1360227    .133326     1.02   0.308    -.1258566     .397902
         2005  |   .1802831   .1316957     1.37   0.171    -.0783031    .4388694
         2006  |   .2288744   .1348809     1.70   0.090    -.0360185    .4937672
         2007  |   .2374236   .1351133     1.76   0.079    -.0278719    .5027192
         2008  |   .2844517   .1356004     2.10   0.036     .0182501    .5506532
         2009  |   .3198257   .1347172     2.37   0.018     .0553261    .5843253
         2010  |   .3387401    .138121     2.45   0.014     .0674841     .609996
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0606759   .1444544    -0.42   0.674    -.3439343    .2225825
            3  |   .2968505    .152919     1.94   0.052    -.0030452    .5967461
            4  |   .0294137    .155165     0.19   0.850    -.2747628    .3335902
            5  |  -.0659964   .1474331    -0.45   0.654    -.3550726    .2230798
            6  |   .0270241   .1791494     0.15   0.880    -.3241625    .3782107
            7  |   .3298452   .0989903     3.33   0.001     .1357382    .5239522
            8  |   .3895253   .1347382     2.89   0.004      .125256    .6537945
            9  |   .4701183   .1288133     3.65   0.000     .2173635     .722873
           10  |   .3259308   .1333364     2.44   0.015     .0644506     .587411
               |
         _cons |   3.957446    .526337     7.52   0.000     2.921287    4.993605
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |          0
       sigma_e |  .58162259
           rho |          0   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. 
. unique countryid if used==1
Number of unique values of countryid is  76
Number of records is  58800

. 
. mibeta cpi_ti l.cpi_ti pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,176
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3749
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6072
                                                Complete DF       =       1142
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     104.36
                                                        avg       =     443.70
                                                        max       =     910.03
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  33, 1079.3)   =     282.92
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .6825064   .0328803    20.76   0.000     .6173061    .7477067
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0106226   .0036709    -2.89   0.004    -.0178279   -.0034174
      pres_new |  -.1597822   .1049638    -1.52   0.128    -.3658533     .046289
    womenXpres |   .0140438   .0056121     2.50   0.013     .0030258    .0250617
        fh_neg |  -.1779031   .0406991    -4.37   0.000    -.2579017   -.0979045
       log_gdp |  -.3148264   .0456975    -6.89   0.000    -.4048152   -.2248377
pct_protestant |  -.0044965   .0011854    -3.79   0.000     -.006826   -.0021671
  trade_impexp |  -.0004219   .0007239    -0.58   0.560    -.0018445    .0010008
         wecon |  -.0617992    .047319    -1.31   0.192    -.1547864    .0311879
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.1874629   .1700142    -1.10   0.272    -.5239327    .1490069
         1996  |  -.0936778   .1748297    -0.54   0.593    -.4399881    .2526324
         1997  |   .0175044   .1566188     0.11   0.911    -.2917893    .3267981
         1998  |  -.0040414   .1704014    -0.02   0.981    -.3413846    .3333017
         1999  |  -.0827844   .1436345    -0.58   0.565    -.3658535    .2002847
         2001  |    .094741   .1675978     0.57   0.573    -.2371285    .4266105
         2002  |   .0732391    .131878     0.56   0.579    -.1861635    .3326416
         2003  |   .1076116   .1339871     0.80   0.423    -.1560236    .3712468
         2004  |   .1360227    .133326     1.02   0.308    -.1262527    .3982981
         2005  |   .1802831   .1316957     1.37   0.172    -.0786807     .439247
         2006  |   .2288744   .1348809     1.70   0.091    -.0364131    .4941619
         2007  |   .2374236   .1351133     1.76   0.080    -.0282591    .5031063
         2008  |   .2844517   .1356004     2.10   0.037     .0178693     .551034
         2009  |   .3198257   .1347172     2.37   0.018     .0549428    .5847086
         2010  |   .3387401    .138121     2.45   0.015       .06708    .6104001
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0606759   .1444544    -0.42   0.675    -.3442836    .2229319
            3  |   .2968505    .152919     1.94   0.053    -.0034231     .597124
            4  |   .0294137    .155165     0.19   0.850    -.2751175     .333945
            5  |  -.0659964   .1474331    -0.45   0.655    -.3554242    .2234313
            6  |   .0270241   .1791494     0.15   0.880    -.3245698     .378618
            7  |   .3298452   .0989903     3.33   0.001     .1354991    .5241913
            8  |   .3895253   .1347382     2.89   0.004     .1249176     .654133
            9  |   .4701183   .1288133     3.65   0.000     .2170214    .7232151
           10  |   .3259308   .1333364     2.44   0.015     .0641233    .5877383
               |
         _cons |   3.957446    .526337     7.52   0.000     2.919372    4.995519
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Standardized coefficients and R-squared
Summary statistics over 50 imputations

             |       mean       min        p25     median        p75       max
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      cpi_ti |
         L1. |   .6854682      .626   .6682362   .6860477   .7026648      .742
             |
    pctwomen |  -.0453881    -.0562  -.0491618  -.0448191  -.0417987    -.0363
    pres_new |  -.0332695    -.0537  -.0375946  -.0336159  -.0277656    -.0171
  womenXpres |   .0505844     .0303   .0462223   .0503863   .0559605     .0725
      fh_neg |  -.0767714     -.101  -.0817987   -.074455  -.0715859     -.059
     log_gdp |   -.196832     -.234  -.2083289  -.1958571  -.1840126     -.168
pct_protes~t |  -.0505316    -.0631  -.0547298  -.0498457  -.0468129    -.0334
trade_impexp |  -.0067927    -.0204  -.0100272  -.0062838   -.003019    .00404
       wecon |  -.0173276    -.0372   -.021326  -.0182217  -.0124878   -.00603
             |
        year |
       1995  |  -.0186389     -.051  -.0272379  -.0167707  -.0102132    .00248
       1996  |  -.0092887    -.0322  -.0198481  -.0098987   .0000591     .0225
       1997  |   .0017477    -.0277  -.0050421   .0002748   .0086233     .0231
       1998  |  -.0003832     -.021  -.0104903    -.00048   .0073937     .0252
       1999  |  -.0084387    -.0311  -.0132689  -.0097118  -.0028243     .0156
       2001  |   .0098572    -.0158  -.0002394   .0098396   .0197551     .0361
       2002  |   .0076106   -.00549   .0024488   .0067045   .0115989     .0243
       2003  |    .011188   -.00626   .0060625    .011639   .0154403     .0325
       2004  |   .0141367    .00177   .0084173   .0141975   .0199166     .0311
       2005  |    .018734    .00463   .0145903   .0184936   .0231851      .037
       2006  |   .0236363      .007   .0187598   .0234194    .028996     .0423
       2007  |   .0243633     .0123   .0188389   .0250709    .029183     .0429
       2008  |   .0291898      .016   .0247241   .0291077   .0349269     .0474
       2009  |   .0326116     .0187   .0283427   .0325072   .0382317     .0514
       2010  |   .0345367     .0192   .0288359   .0342411   .0391948     .0552
             |
      region |
          2  |  -.0048705    -.0133   -.007864  -.0045172  -.0024657    .00597
          3  |   .0248103     .0141   .0215392   .0254518    .027625     .0396
          4  |   .0023344   -.00551   -.000343   .0012974   .0055679    .00995
          5  |  -.0055234    -.0155  -.0086408  -.0058098  -.0028959    .00631
          6  |   .0018559   -.00585  -.0002129   .0019342   .0041278    .00935
          7  |   .0597843     .0485   .0550274   .0593939   .0637046      .075
          8  |   .0414354     .0304   .0374132   .0407978   .0440006     .0607
          9  |   .0716698     .0537   .0663952   .0715202   .0758241      .101
         10  |   .0592095     .0438   .0527488   .0592739   .0643407     .0819
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
    R-square |   .9188384      .902   .9141361   .9189353   .9236322      .931
Adj R-square |   .9164931      .899   .9116549   .9165928   .9214254      .929
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. 
. 
. ****
. * ICRG Corruption Measure
. ****
. 
. 
. clear

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. * recode the DV
. rename icrg_corr icrg_corr_o

. gen icrg_corr = 6 - icrg_corr_o
(292 missing values generated)

. 
. * create interaction
. gen womenXpres=pctwomen*pres_new
(13 missing values generated)

. 
. * generate multiple imputation data sets
. ice icrg_corr pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1, seed(123456) m(50) saving(wb_impu
> ted, replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      1,474       73.63       73.63
          1 |         20        1.00       74.63
          . |        508       25.37      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
  icrg_corr |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
   pres_new |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
 womenXpres |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | icrg_corr pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp
trade_imp~p | regress | icrg_corr pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): xtreg icrg_corr l.icrg_corr pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.r
> egion if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =      1,417

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         11
                                                              avg =       18.6
                                                              max =         20
                                                Average RVI       =     0.0006
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.0109
DF adjustment:   Large sample                   DF:     min       = 413,889.10
                                                        avg       =   6.94e+10
                                                        max       =   6.93e+11
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  37, 5.0e+09)  =     504.61
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     icrg_corr |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     icrg_corr |
           L1. |   .8553838   .0123988    68.99   0.000     .8310825     .879685
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0074877   .0016097    -4.65   0.000    -.0106426   -.0043328
      pres_new |  -.1727737   .0438121    -3.94   0.000    -.2586439   -.0869035
    womenXpres |   .0084375   .0024135     3.50   0.000     .0037071     .013168
        fh_neg |  -.0437037   .0159008    -2.75   0.006    -.0748688   -.0125387
       log_gdp |  -.0376993   .0143603    -2.63   0.009     -.065845   -.0095537
pct_protestant |  -.0006915   .0004742    -1.46   0.145    -.0016208    .0002378
  trade_impexp |    .000268   .0002942     0.91   0.362    -.0003086    .0008445
         wecon |   .0465143    .019812     2.35   0.019     .0076834    .0853451
               |
          year |
         1991  |  -.2116248    .063131    -3.35   0.001    -.3353593   -.0878904
         1992  |  -.3224227   .0615686    -5.24   0.000    -.4430949   -.2017505
         1993  |  -.2499028   .0608237    -4.11   0.000    -.3691151   -.1306905
         1994  |  -.1359374   .0599591    -2.27   0.023    -.2534551   -.0184198
         1995  |  -.0797015   .0589838    -1.35   0.177    -.1953076    .0359045
         1996  |  -.1096442    .058845    -1.86   0.062    -.2249783    .0056899
         1997  |   .0024593    .058497     0.04   0.966    -.1121927    .1171114
         1998  |  -.0170262   .0583505    -0.29   0.770    -.1313911    .0973387
         1999  |    .017657   .0582196     0.30   0.762    -.0964513    .1317653
         2001  |   .0805593   .0569238     1.42   0.157    -.0310093     .192128
         2002  |   .4776076   .0570405     8.37   0.000     .3658102    .5894049
         2003  |   .0115011   .0579602     0.20   0.843    -.1020988     .125101
         2004  |   .0760102   .0580911     1.31   0.191    -.0378462    .1898666
         2005  |  -.0151217   .0584158    -0.26   0.796    -.1296146    .0993713
         2006  |   .1102061    .058884     1.87   0.061    -.0052044    .2256166
         2007  |   .0598168   .0596472     1.00   0.316    -.0570896    .1767231
         2008  |   .0508856   .0602337     0.84   0.398    -.0671703    .1689415
         2009  |   .0245318   .0598057     0.41   0.682    -.0926852    .1417489
         2010  |  -.0123127   .0601524    -0.20   0.838    -.1302091    .1055838
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0970761   .0623509    -1.56   0.119    -.2192816    .0251293
            3  |  -.0596977    .063812    -0.94   0.350     -.184767    .0653716
            4  |  -.0532938   .0680106    -0.78   0.433    -.1865921    .0800046
            5  |  -.1067423   .0635048    -1.68   0.093    -.2312095    .0177248
            6  |  -.1052653   .0779705    -1.35   0.177    -.2580847     .047554
            7  |    .034873   .0423733     0.82   0.411    -.0481771    .1179231
            8  |  -.0302316    .056183    -0.54   0.591    -.1403482     .079885
            9  |   .0113994   .0515036     0.22   0.825    -.0895457    .1123446
           10  |  -.0871926   .0562653    -1.55   0.121    -.1974706    .0230854
               |
         _cons |   .7404295   .1546339     4.79   0.000     .4373527    1.043506
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |          0
       sigma_e |  .34627001
           rho |          0   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. eststo icrg_est: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =      1,417

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         11
                                                              avg =       18.6
                                                              max =         20
                                                Average RVI       =     0.0006
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.0109
DF adjustment:   Large sample                   DF:     min       = 413,889.10
                                                        avg       =   6.94e+10
                                                        max       =   6.93e+11
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  37, 5.0e+09)  =     504.61
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     icrg_corr |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     icrg_corr |
           L1. |   .8553838   .0123988    68.99   0.000     .8310825     .879685
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0074877   .0016097    -4.65   0.000    -.0106426   -.0043328
      pres_new |  -.1727737   .0438121    -3.94   0.000    -.2586439   -.0869035
    womenXpres |   .0084375   .0024135     3.50   0.000     .0037071     .013168
        fh_neg |  -.0437037   .0159008    -2.75   0.006    -.0748688   -.0125387
       log_gdp |  -.0376993   .0143603    -2.63   0.009     -.065845   -.0095537
pct_protestant |  -.0006915   .0004742    -1.46   0.145    -.0016208    .0002378
  trade_impexp |    .000268   .0002942     0.91   0.362    -.0003086    .0008445
         wecon |   .0465143    .019812     2.35   0.019     .0076834    .0853451
               |
          year |
         1991  |  -.2116248    .063131    -3.35   0.001    -.3353593   -.0878904
         1992  |  -.3224227   .0615686    -5.24   0.000    -.4430949   -.2017505
         1993  |  -.2499028   .0608237    -4.11   0.000    -.3691151   -.1306905
         1994  |  -.1359374   .0599591    -2.27   0.023    -.2534551   -.0184198
         1995  |  -.0797015   .0589838    -1.35   0.177    -.1953076    .0359045
         1996  |  -.1096442    .058845    -1.86   0.062    -.2249783    .0056899
         1997  |   .0024593    .058497     0.04   0.966    -.1121927    .1171114
         1998  |  -.0170262   .0583505    -0.29   0.770    -.1313911    .0973387
         1999  |    .017657   .0582196     0.30   0.762    -.0964513    .1317653
         2001  |   .0805593   .0569238     1.42   0.157    -.0310093     .192128
         2002  |   .4776076   .0570405     8.37   0.000     .3658102    .5894049
         2003  |   .0115011   .0579602     0.20   0.843    -.1020988     .125101
         2004  |   .0760102   .0580911     1.31   0.191    -.0378462    .1898666
         2005  |  -.0151217   .0584158    -0.26   0.796    -.1296146    .0993713
         2006  |   .1102061    .058884     1.87   0.061    -.0052044    .2256166
         2007  |   .0598168   .0596472     1.00   0.316    -.0570896    .1767231
         2008  |   .0508856   .0602337     0.84   0.398    -.0671703    .1689415
         2009  |   .0245318   .0598057     0.41   0.682    -.0926852    .1417489
         2010  |  -.0123127   .0601524    -0.20   0.838    -.1302091    .1055838
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0970761   .0623509    -1.56   0.119    -.2192816    .0251293
            3  |  -.0596977    .063812    -0.94   0.350     -.184767    .0653716
            4  |  -.0532938   .0680106    -0.78   0.433    -.1865921    .0800046
            5  |  -.1067423   .0635048    -1.68   0.093    -.2312095    .0177248
            6  |  -.1052653   .0779705    -1.35   0.177    -.2580847     .047554
            7  |    .034873   .0423733     0.82   0.411    -.0481771    .1179231
            8  |  -.0302316    .056183    -0.54   0.591    -.1403482     .079885
            9  |   .0113994   .0515036     0.22   0.825    -.0895457    .1123446
           10  |  -.0871926   .0562653    -1.55   0.121    -.1974706    .0230854
               |
         _cons |   .7404295   .1546339     4.79   0.000     .4373527    1.043506
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |          0
       sigma_e |  .34627001
           rho |          0   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. 
. unique countryid if used==1
Number of unique values of countryid is  76
Number of records is  70850

. 
. mibeta icrg_corr l.icrg_corr pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,417
                                                Average RVI       =     0.0006
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.0109
                                                Complete DF       =       1379
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =   1,357.55
                                                        avg       =   1,375.77
                                                        max       =   1,376.99
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  37, 1377.0)   =     504.61
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     icrg_corr |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     icrg_corr |
           L1. |   .8553838   .0123988    68.99   0.000     .8310611    .8797064
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0074877   .0016097    -4.65   0.000    -.0106454     -.00433
      pres_new |  -.1727737   .0438121    -3.94   0.000    -.2587195   -.0868279
    womenXpres |   .0084375   .0024135     3.50   0.000     .0037029    .0131722
        fh_neg |  -.0437037   .0159008    -2.75   0.006    -.0748962   -.0125113
       log_gdp |  -.0376993   .0143603    -2.63   0.009    -.0658698   -.0095289
pct_protestant |  -.0006915   .0004742    -1.46   0.145    -.0016216    .0002386
  trade_impexp |    .000268   .0002942     0.91   0.363    -.0003091     .000845
         wecon |   .0465143    .019812     2.35   0.019     .0076489    .0853796
               |
          year |
         1991  |  -.2116248    .063131    -3.35   0.001    -.3354682   -.0877815
         1992  |  -.3224227   .0615686    -5.24   0.000     -.443201   -.2016443
         1993  |  -.2499028   .0608237    -4.11   0.000      -.36922   -.1305856
         1994  |  -.1359374   .0599591    -2.27   0.024    -.2535585   -.0183164
         1995  |  -.0797015   .0589838    -1.35   0.177    -.1954093    .0360062
         1996  |  -.1096442    .058845    -1.86   0.063    -.2250797    .0057914
         1997  |   .0024593    .058497     0.04   0.966    -.1122936    .1172123
         1998  |  -.0170262   .0583505    -0.29   0.770    -.1314917    .0974393
         1999  |    .017657   .0582196     0.30   0.762    -.0965517    .1318657
         2001  |   .0805593   .0569238     1.42   0.157    -.0311075    .1922261
         2002  |   .4776076   .0570405     8.37   0.000     .3657119    .5895033
         2003  |   .0115011   .0579602     0.20   0.843    -.1021987    .1252009
         2004  |   .0760102   .0580911     1.31   0.191    -.0379463    .1899667
         2005  |  -.0151217   .0584158    -0.26   0.796    -.1297153     .099472
         2006  |   .1102061    .058884     1.87   0.061     -.005306    .2257182
         2007  |   .0598168   .0596472     1.00   0.316    -.0571925     .176826
         2008  |   .0508856   .0602337     0.84   0.398    -.0672741    .1690454
         2009  |   .0245318   .0598057     0.41   0.682    -.0927883     .141852
         2010  |  -.0123127   .0601524    -0.20   0.838    -.1303129    .1056875
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0970761   .0623509    -1.56   0.120    -.2193891    .0252369
            3  |  -.0596977    .063812    -0.94   0.350     -.184877    .0654817
            4  |  -.0532938   .0680106    -0.78   0.433    -.1867095    .0801219
            5  |  -.1067423   .0635048    -1.68   0.093     -.231319    .0178343
            6  |  -.1052653   .0779705    -1.35   0.177    -.2582192    .0476885
            7  |    .034873   .0423733     0.82   0.411    -.0482502    .1179962
            8  |  -.0302316    .056183    -0.54   0.591    -.1404451    .0799819
            9  |   .0113994   .0515036     0.22   0.825    -.0896346    .1124335
           10  |  -.0871926   .0562653    -1.55   0.121    -.1975677    .0231825
               |
         _cons |   .7404295   .1546339     4.79   0.000     .4370858    1.043773
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Standardized coefficients and R-squared
Summary statistics over 50 imputations

             |       mean       min        p25     median        p75       max
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   icrg_corr |
         L1. |   .8631367      .863   .8629609   .8631212   .8633151      .864
             |
    pctwomen |  -.0575546    -.0578   -.057647  -.0575679  -.0574651    -.0573
    pres_new |  -.0644413    -.0647  -.0645139  -.0644475  -.0643712    -.0643
  womenXpres |   .0514676     .0509   .0513201   .0514707    .051621      .052
      fh_neg |  -.0342754    -.0347  -.0343976  -.0342823  -.0341367    -.0338
     log_gdp |  -.0421802    -.0435  -.0424005  -.0421708   -.041917    -.0411
pct_protes~t |  -.0140269    -.0142   -.014084  -.0140312  -.0139641    -.0138
trade_impexp |   .0077849    .00555   .0073418   .0077855    .008234    .00975
       wecon |   .0230901     .0209     .02249   .0230045   .0238215      .025
             |
        year |
       1991  |  -.0309659    -.0311  -.0310078  -.0309675  -.0309006    -.0308
       1992  |  -.0491856    -.0495  -.0492448  -.0491734   -.049125    -.0489
       1993  |   -.039021    -.0392  -.0390508  -.0390328  -.0389729    -.0389
       1994  |  -.0217013    -.0219  -.0217629  -.0216997  -.0216371    -.0215
       1995  |  -.0129952    -.0132  -.0130337  -.0129888  -.0129459    -.0128
       1996  |  -.0178773    -.0181  -.0179341  -.0178843  -.0178185    -.0177
       1997  |   .0004037   .000223   .0003271   .0004173   .0004674   .000544
       1998  |  -.0027951     -.003  -.0028623  -.0027961  -.0027395   -.00252
       1999  |   .0028987    .00281   .0028709   .0028974   .0029253    .00305
       2001  |   .0137494     .0137   .0137297   .0137509   .0137711     .0138
       2002  |   .0815154     .0815   .0814865   .0815091   .0815377     .0816
       2003  |   .0019629    .00189   .0019324    .001958   .0019942    .00207
       2004  |    .012973     .0129   .0129527    .012971   .0129919      .013
       2005  |  -.0025809   -.00265  -.0026018  -.0025783  -.0025595    -.0025
       2006  |   .0186922     .0185   .0186242   .0186757   .0187532      .019
       2007  |   .0100815     .0099   .0100292   .0100762   .0101231     .0103
       2008  |   .0085762    .00836   .0085034   .0085861   .0086512    .00891
       2009  |   .0041081      .004   .0040839   .0041056   .0041445    .00421
       2010  |  -.0020619   -.00222   -.002103  -.0020614  -.0020236   -.00193
             |
      region |
          2  |  -.0142046    -.0145  -.0142956  -.0141906  -.0141159    -.0139
          3  |  -.0091069   -.00924  -.0091698  -.0091328   -.009053   -.00891
          4  |  -.0076607   -.00833  -.0078418  -.0076627  -.0075042   -.00681
          5  |  -.0162836    -.0165  -.0163422  -.0162854  -.0162408    -.0161
          6  |  -.0132078    -.0134  -.0132581  -.0132221  -.0131685     -.013
          7  |   .0114043     .0111    .011312   .0113992   .0115121     .0118
          8  |  -.0058109   -.00623  -.0060011  -.0058231   -.005664    -.0052
          9  |   .0029941    .00244   .0028208    .002978   .0031026    .00373
         10  |  -.0287288    -.0293  -.0289779   -.028761  -.0285508    -.0278
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
    R-square |   .9312594      .931   .9312408   .9312588    .931273      .931
Adj R-square |    .929415      .929   .9293959   .9294144    .929429      .929
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. 
. 
. ****
. * World Bank Governance Indicator Measure
. ****
. 
. 
. clear

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. * recode the DV
. rename wb_corr wb_corr_o

. gen wb_corr = 2.6 - wb_corr_o
(816 missing values generated)

. 
. * create interaction
. gen womenXpres=pctwomen*pres_new
(13 missing values generated)

. 
. ice wb_corr pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1995, seed(123456) m(50) sav
> ing(wb_imputed, replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |        877       43.81       43.81
          1 |        298       14.89       58.69
          2 |          5        0.25       58.94
          . |        822       41.06      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
   pres_new |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
 womenXpres |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | wb_corr pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp
trade_imp~p | regress | wb_corr pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant wecon
    wb_corr | regress | pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): xtreg wb_corr l.wb_corr pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.regio
> n if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =      1,109

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         10
                                                              avg =       14.6
                                                              max =         15
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3033
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6279
DF adjustment:   Large sample                   DF:     min       =     126.64
                                                        avg       =   2,127.70
                                                        max       =   3,844.35
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  32,28185.3)   =     168.44
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       wb_corr |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       wb_corr |
           L1. |   .3757787    .040362     9.31   0.000     .2961115     .455446
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0099163   .0021878    -4.53   0.000    -.0142064   -.0056263
      pres_new |  -.1651036   .0634332    -2.60   0.009    -.2895301   -.0406772
    womenXpres |   .0105619   .0032591     3.24   0.001     .0041711    .0169526
        fh_neg |  -.1852482   .0261925    -7.07   0.000    -.2367165   -.1337799
       log_gdp |  -.2616163   .0249183   -10.50   0.000    -.3105454   -.2126872
pct_protestant |  -.0030848   .0006592    -4.68   0.000     -.004378   -.0017916
  trade_impexp |   .0001771   .0004066     0.44   0.663    -.0006203    .0009745
         wecon |  -.0436163   .0263154    -1.66   0.098    -.0952209    .0079882
               |
          year |
         1996  |  -.0839882   .0730199    -1.15   0.250    -.2272605     .059284
         1997  |   .2798401   .0959745     2.92   0.004     .0903533    .4693268
         1998  |  -.0500265   .0703718    -0.71   0.477    -.1880397    .0879866
         1999  |   .2650707   .1034001     2.56   0.012      .060455    .4696864
         2001  |    .239839   .0880831     2.72   0.007     .0661875    .4134905
         2002  |   .0994656   .0704179     1.41   0.158     -.038687    .2376182
         2003  |   .1389512    .066946     2.08   0.038     .0076978    .2702046
         2004  |   .2163574   .0671016     3.22   0.001     .0847986    .3479162
         2005  |   .2753112   .0674223     4.08   0.000     .1431232    .4074992
         2006  |   .2800376   .0684808     4.09   0.000     .1457734    .4143019
         2007  |   .3464187   .0690191     5.02   0.000     .2110993    .4817382
         2008  |   .3490945   .0703104     4.97   0.000     .2112414    .4869477
         2009  |   .3648578   .0691971     5.27   0.000     .2291912    .5005244
         2010  |   .3780168   .0700172     5.40   0.000     .2407397     .515294
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0711579   .0845892    -0.84   0.400     -.237028    .0947121
            3  |    .243646   .0881025     2.77   0.006     .0708983    .4163937
            4  |    .033132   .0930545     0.36   0.722      -.14933     .215594
            5  |   .0786128   .0874657     0.90   0.369    -.0929141    .2501398
            6  |   .1425885   .1081446     1.32   0.187    -.0694731    .3546502
            7  |   .3304637   .0582698     5.67   0.000     .2162066    .4447207
            8  |   .3657498    .078784     4.64   0.000     .2112475    .5202521
            9  |   .3679373   .0725223     5.07   0.000     .2257048    .5101699
           10  |   .2283256   .0787055     2.90   0.004     .0739573     .382694
               |
         _cons |   3.124772   .2789995    11.20   0.000     2.576405    3.673138
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |          0
       sigma_e |  .31768248
           rho |          0   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. eststo wbgi_est: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =      1,109

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         10
                                                              avg =       14.6
                                                              max =         15
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3033
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6279
DF adjustment:   Large sample                   DF:     min       =     126.64
                                                        avg       =   2,127.70
                                                        max       =   3,844.35
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  32,28185.3)   =     168.44
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       wb_corr |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       wb_corr |
           L1. |   .3757787    .040362     9.31   0.000     .2961115     .455446
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0099163   .0021878    -4.53   0.000    -.0142064   -.0056263
      pres_new |  -.1651036   .0634332    -2.60   0.009    -.2895301   -.0406772
    womenXpres |   .0105619   .0032591     3.24   0.001     .0041711    .0169526
        fh_neg |  -.1852482   .0261925    -7.07   0.000    -.2367165   -.1337799
       log_gdp |  -.2616163   .0249183   -10.50   0.000    -.3105454   -.2126872
pct_protestant |  -.0030848   .0006592    -4.68   0.000     -.004378   -.0017916
  trade_impexp |   .0001771   .0004066     0.44   0.663    -.0006203    .0009745
         wecon |  -.0436163   .0263154    -1.66   0.098    -.0952209    .0079882
               |
          year |
         1996  |  -.0839882   .0730199    -1.15   0.250    -.2272605     .059284
         1997  |   .2798401   .0959745     2.92   0.004     .0903533    .4693268
         1998  |  -.0500265   .0703718    -0.71   0.477    -.1880397    .0879866
         1999  |   .2650707   .1034001     2.56   0.012      .060455    .4696864
         2001  |    .239839   .0880831     2.72   0.007     .0661875    .4134905
         2002  |   .0994656   .0704179     1.41   0.158     -.038687    .2376182
         2003  |   .1389512    .066946     2.08   0.038     .0076978    .2702046
         2004  |   .2163574   .0671016     3.22   0.001     .0847986    .3479162
         2005  |   .2753112   .0674223     4.08   0.000     .1431232    .4074992
         2006  |   .2800376   .0684808     4.09   0.000     .1457734    .4143019
         2007  |   .3464187   .0690191     5.02   0.000     .2110993    .4817382
         2008  |   .3490945   .0703104     4.97   0.000     .2112414    .4869477
         2009  |   .3648578   .0691971     5.27   0.000     .2291912    .5005244
         2010  |   .3780168   .0700172     5.40   0.000     .2407397     .515294
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0711579   .0845892    -0.84   0.400     -.237028    .0947121
            3  |    .243646   .0881025     2.77   0.006     .0708983    .4163937
            4  |    .033132   .0930545     0.36   0.722      -.14933     .215594
            5  |   .0786128   .0874657     0.90   0.369    -.0929141    .2501398
            6  |   .1425885   .1081446     1.32   0.187    -.0694731    .3546502
            7  |   .3304637   .0582698     5.67   0.000     .2162066    .4447207
            8  |   .3657498    .078784     4.64   0.000     .2112475    .5202521
            9  |   .3679373   .0725223     5.07   0.000     .2257048    .5101699
           10  |   .2283256   .0787055     2.90   0.004     .0739573     .382694
               |
         _cons |   3.124772   .2789995    11.20   0.000     2.576405    3.673138
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |          0
       sigma_e |  .31768248
           rho |          0   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. 
. unique countryid if used==1
Number of unique values of countryid is  76
Number of records is  55450

. 
. mibeta wb_corr l.wb_corr pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,109
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3033
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6279
                                                Complete DF       =       1076
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =      96.53
                                                        avg       =     568.45
                                                        max       =     763.53
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  32, 1033.1)   =     168.44
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       wb_corr |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       wb_corr |
           L1. |   .3757787    .040362     9.31   0.000     .2959174    .4556401
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0099163   .0021878    -4.53   0.000     -.014212   -.0056207
      pres_new |  -.1651036   .0634332    -2.60   0.009    -.2897014   -.0405058
    womenXpres |   .0105619   .0032591     3.24   0.001     .0041628     .016961
        fh_neg |  -.1852482   .0261925    -7.07   0.000    -.2368024    -.133694
       log_gdp |  -.2616163   .0249183   -10.50   0.000    -.3106216   -.2126111
pct_protestant |  -.0030848   .0006592    -4.68   0.000    -.0043798   -.0017899
  trade_impexp |   .0001771   .0004066     0.44   0.663    -.0006214    .0009755
         wecon |  -.0436163   .0263154    -1.66   0.098    -.0952891    .0080565
               |
          year |
         1996  |  -.0839882   .0730199    -1.15   0.251    -.2274653    .0594889
         1997  |   .2798401   .0959745     2.92   0.004     .0898816    .4697985
         1998  |  -.0500265   .0703718    -0.71   0.477    -.1882251    .0881721
         1999  |   .2650707   .1034001     2.56   0.012     .0598375    .4703039
         2001  |    .239839   .0880831     2.72   0.007      .065804     .413874
         2002  |   .0994656   .0704179     1.41   0.158     -.038882    .2378132
         2003  |   .1389512    .066946     2.08   0.038     .0075307    .2703716
         2004  |   .2163574   .0671016     3.22   0.001     .0846311    .3480838
         2005  |   .2753112   .0674223     4.08   0.000     .1429547    .4076676
         2006  |   .2800376   .0684808     4.09   0.000     .1456021    .4144732
         2007  |   .3464187   .0690191     5.02   0.000     .2109267    .4819108
         2008  |   .3490945   .0703104     4.97   0.000      .211065    .4871241
         2009  |   .3648578   .0691971     5.27   0.000     .2290186     .500697
         2010  |   .3780168   .0700172     5.40   0.000     .2405643    .5154694
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0711579   .0845892    -0.84   0.401    -.2372453    .0949294
            3  |    .243646   .0881025     2.77   0.006     .0706747    .4166173
            4  |    .033132   .0930545     0.36   0.722    -.1495673    .2158313
            5  |   .0786128   .0874657     0.90   0.369    -.0931424    .2503681
            6  |   .1425885   .1081446     1.32   0.188    -.0697514    .3549284
            7  |   .3304637   .0582698     5.67   0.000     .2160577    .4448696
            8  |   .3657498    .078784     4.64   0.000     .2110418    .5204579
            9  |   .3679373   .0725223     5.07   0.000     .2255133    .5103614
           10  |   .2283256   .0787055     2.90   0.004     .0737476    .3829037
               |
         _cons |   3.124772   .2789995    11.20   0.000     2.575469    3.674075
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Standardized coefficients and R-squared
Summary statistics over 50 imputations

             |       mean       min        p25     median        p75       max
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     wb_corr |
         L1. |   .3769811      .315   .3582412   .3760806   .3970368      .439
             |
    pctwomen |  -.0956414     -.114  -.1004876  -.0947959  -.0907032    -.0774
    pres_new |  -.0774094     -.108  -.0853286  -.0763446  -.0666994    -.0534
  womenXpres |   .0869079     .0617   .0807705    .087323   .0926202      .104
      fh_neg |  -.1782285     -.216  -.1866713  -.1794304  -.1705344     -.142
     log_gdp |  -.3673431     -.409  -.3791761   -.364034  -.3535907     -.341
pct_protes~t |  -.0780257     -.092  -.0820096  -.0783754   -.074159    -.0627
trade_impexp |   .0063936   -.00655    .002874   .0064962   .0106528     .0233
       wecon |  -.0275165    -.0381  -.0318554  -.0273559  -.0236929    -.0114
             |
        year |
       1996  |  -.0193115    -.0383  -.0242198  -.0216757  -.0139631    .00199
       1997  |   .0647303     .0208   .0549574   .0682944   .0752445      .102
       1998  |  -.0115647    -.0249  -.0163095  -.0114232  -.0086163    .00242
       1999  |   .0633481     .0255   .0493361   .0642571   .0794936      .109
       2001  |   .0576669     .0142   .0496328   .0600363   .0666692     .0877
       2002  |   .0239212    .00798   .0190976   .0244948   .0297514     .0384
       2003  |   .0334132      .023   .0299472   .0334456   .0379656     .0461
       2004  |   .0520267     .0415   .0484556   .0521199   .0564852     .0646
       2005  |   .0662029     .0553   .0624314   .0667281   .0703877     .0784
       2006  |   .0669268     .0554   .0628497   .0671759    .070839     .0783
       2007  |   .0822777      .071   .0776367   .0826578   .0856691     .0944
       2008  |    .082913     .0709   .0784788   .0830881   .0864983     .0949
       2009  |   .0861119      .075   .0821541   .0867195   .0890546      .098
       2010  |   .0892174     .0777   .0849506   .0894488   .0924603      .102
             |
      region |
          2  |  -.0127778    -.0235  -.0164163  -.0135602  -.0099409    .00289
          3  |   .0457454     .0368   .0408799   .0460356   .0499011     .0588
          4  |   .0058759   -.00687   .0014726   .0054097   .0094879      .019
          5  |   .0147621   .000219   .0106461   .0146704   .0191267     .0319
          6  |   .0220143    .00749   .0182863   .0205279   .0271223     .0342
          7  |   .1346443      .113   .1282352   .1342214    .140252      .153
          8  |   .0874137     .0726   .0828172   .0874404   .0919831      .107
          9  |   .1279463      .109   .1207798   .1268784   .1347904      .154
         10  |   .0932647     .0614   .0862044    .093882   .0997927      .129
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
    R-square |   .8677756      .854   .8639492   .8679513   .8716514      .882
Adj R-square |   .8638433      .849   .8599031   .8640242   .8678343      .879
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. esttab ti_est icrg_est wbgi_est using re-prez.rtf, replace order(L.cpi_ti L.icrg_corr L.wb_corr pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gd
> p pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon) keep(L.cpi_ti L.icrg_corr L.wb_corr pctwomen pres_new womenXpres fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant trade_
> impexp wecon) mtitles("TI CPI" "ICRG" "WBGI") coeflabels(L.cpi_ti "lag TI CPI" L.icrg_corr "lag ICRG" L.wb_corr "lag WBGI" pctwomen "% wom
> en in lower house" pres_new "presidential system" womenXpres "% women * presidentialism" fh_neg "FH Freedom" log_gdp "log GDP per capita" 
> pct_protestant "% protestant" trade_impexp "trade imbalance (% of GDP)" wecon "women's economic rights" _cons "constant") noabbrev wrap ga
> ps varwidth(25) align(r)
(output written to re-prez.rtf)

. 
. 
. 
. *************************************************************************** 
. * personalist vs. party systems in the lower house (pers_lower)
. ***************************************************************************
. 
. ****
. * Transparency International Measure
. ****
. 
. 
. clear

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. 
. * recode the DV
. rename cpi_ti cpi_ti_o

. gen cpi_ti = 10 - cpi_ti_o
(739 missing values generated)

. 
. * create interaction variable
. gen womenXpers=pctwomen*pers_lower
(45 missing values generated)

. 
. * generate multiple imputation data sets
. ice cpi_ti pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1994, seed(123456) m(50) sa
> ving(wb_imputed, replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      1,016       50.75       50.75
          1 |        228       11.39       62.14
          2 |          5        0.25       62.39
          . |        753       37.61      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
 pers_lower |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
 womenXpers |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | cpi_ti pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp
trade_imp~p | regress | cpi_ti pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant wecon
     cpi_ti | regress | pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): xtreg cpi_ti l.cpi_ti pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.regio
> n if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =      1,176

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         11
                                                              avg =       15.5
                                                              max =         16
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3810
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.5951
DF adjustment:   Large sample                   DF:     min       =     141.06
                                                        avg       =   1,115.37
                                                        max       =   4,271.23
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  33,20503.6)   =     284.51
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .6736132   .0325598    20.69   0.000     .6092448    .7379815
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0022989     .00435    -0.53   0.597    -.0108298     .006232
    pers_lower |   .0111342   .0153356     0.73   0.468    -.0189692    .0412377
    womenXpers |  -.0022916   .0008798    -2.60   0.009    -.0040174   -.0005658
        fh_neg |  -.1906038   .0414843    -4.59   0.000    -.2720382   -.1091693
       log_gdp |  -.3097807   .0461662    -6.71   0.000    -.4005434   -.2190179
pct_protestant |  -.0053904    .001231    -4.38   0.000    -.0078068    -.002974
  trade_impexp |  -.0010906   .0007668    -1.42   0.155     -.002596    .0004147
         wecon |  -.0403092   .0475464    -0.85   0.397    -.1336058    .0529874
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.2476781    .171605    -1.44   0.151    -.5865061    .0911499
         1996  |   -.135881   .1762904    -0.77   0.442    -.4842304    .2124683
         1997  |  -.0079422   .1575905    -0.05   0.960    -.3185324    .3026479
         1998  |  -.0681909   .1716729    -0.40   0.692    -.4072534    .2708715
         1999  |  -.1159377   .1444408    -0.80   0.423    -.4001042    .1682289
         2001  |   .0700414   .1684805     0.42   0.678      -.26277    .4028527
         2002  |   .0454942   .1325918     0.34   0.732    -.2149264    .3059147
         2003  |   .1006221    .134626     0.75   0.455    -.1638631    .3651073
         2004  |   .1296378   .1340456     0.97   0.334    -.1336573    .3929328
         2005  |   .1799878   .1325257     1.36   0.175    -.0802329    .4402086
         2006  |   .2513462   .1362063     1.85   0.065    -.0161704    .5188629
         2007  |   .2439583   .1359291     1.79   0.073     -.022943    .5108596
         2008  |    .309398   .1368165     2.26   0.024      .040792    .5780039
         2009  |   .3280083   .1356262     2.42   0.016     .0617123    .5943043
         2010  |   .3383487   .1392828     2.43   0.015     .0647903     .611907
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.1200715   .1399083    -0.86   0.391    -.3944328    .1542898
            3  |   .2345764   .1571009     1.49   0.136    -.0735724    .5427251
            4  |   .1085252   .1599537     0.68   0.498    -.2050861    .4221364
            5  |   .0323545   .1440118     0.22   0.822    -.2500388    .3147478
            6  |  -.1245923   .1839021    -0.68   0.498    -.4851359    .2359512
            7  |   .2917512   .0995825     2.93   0.003     .0964934    .4870089
            8  |   .4482464   .1325778     3.38   0.001     .1882084    .7082844
            9  |   .4101625   .1195787     3.43   0.001     .1755666    .6447584
           10  |    .189634   .1294745     1.46   0.143    -.0642432    .4435111
               |
         _cons |   4.016779   .5297592     7.58   0.000     2.973824    5.059733
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |          0
       sigma_e |  .59156915
           rho |          0   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. 
. eststo ti_est: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =      1,176

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         11
                                                              avg =       15.5
                                                              max =         16
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3810
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.5951
DF adjustment:   Large sample                   DF:     min       =     141.06
                                                        avg       =   1,115.37
                                                        max       =   4,271.23
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  33,20503.6)   =     284.51
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .6736132   .0325598    20.69   0.000     .6092448    .7379815
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0022989     .00435    -0.53   0.597    -.0108298     .006232
    pers_lower |   .0111342   .0153356     0.73   0.468    -.0189692    .0412377
    womenXpers |  -.0022916   .0008798    -2.60   0.009    -.0040174   -.0005658
        fh_neg |  -.1906038   .0414843    -4.59   0.000    -.2720382   -.1091693
       log_gdp |  -.3097807   .0461662    -6.71   0.000    -.4005434   -.2190179
pct_protestant |  -.0053904    .001231    -4.38   0.000    -.0078068    -.002974
  trade_impexp |  -.0010906   .0007668    -1.42   0.155     -.002596    .0004147
         wecon |  -.0403092   .0475464    -0.85   0.397    -.1336058    .0529874
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.2476781    .171605    -1.44   0.151    -.5865061    .0911499
         1996  |   -.135881   .1762904    -0.77   0.442    -.4842304    .2124683
         1997  |  -.0079422   .1575905    -0.05   0.960    -.3185324    .3026479
         1998  |  -.0681909   .1716729    -0.40   0.692    -.4072534    .2708715
         1999  |  -.1159377   .1444408    -0.80   0.423    -.4001042    .1682289
         2001  |   .0700414   .1684805     0.42   0.678      -.26277    .4028527
         2002  |   .0454942   .1325918     0.34   0.732    -.2149264    .3059147
         2003  |   .1006221    .134626     0.75   0.455    -.1638631    .3651073
         2004  |   .1296378   .1340456     0.97   0.334    -.1336573    .3929328
         2005  |   .1799878   .1325257     1.36   0.175    -.0802329    .4402086
         2006  |   .2513462   .1362063     1.85   0.065    -.0161704    .5188629
         2007  |   .2439583   .1359291     1.79   0.073     -.022943    .5108596
         2008  |    .309398   .1368165     2.26   0.024      .040792    .5780039
         2009  |   .3280083   .1356262     2.42   0.016     .0617123    .5943043
         2010  |   .3383487   .1392828     2.43   0.015     .0647903     .611907
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.1200715   .1399083    -0.86   0.391    -.3944328    .1542898
            3  |   .2345764   .1571009     1.49   0.136    -.0735724    .5427251
            4  |   .1085252   .1599537     0.68   0.498    -.2050861    .4221364
            5  |   .0323545   .1440118     0.22   0.822    -.2500388    .3147478
            6  |  -.1245923   .1839021    -0.68   0.498    -.4851359    .2359512
            7  |   .2917512   .0995825     2.93   0.003     .0964934    .4870089
            8  |   .4482464   .1325778     3.38   0.001     .1882084    .7082844
            9  |   .4101625   .1195787     3.43   0.001     .1755666    .6447584
           10  |    .189634   .1294745     1.46   0.143    -.0642432    .4435111
               |
         _cons |   4.016779   .5297592     7.58   0.000     2.973824    5.059733
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |          0
       sigma_e |  .59156915
           rho |          0   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. 
. unique countryid if used==1
Number of unique values of countryid is  76
Number of records is  58800

. 
. mibeta cpi_ti l.cpi_ti pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,176
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3810
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.5951
                                                Complete DF       =       1142
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =     108.40
                                                        avg       =     413.91
                                                        max       =     822.00
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  33, 1078.0)   =     284.51
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        cpi_ti |
           L1. |   .6736132   .0325598    20.69   0.000     .6090766    .7381497
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0022989     .00435    -0.53   0.597    -.0108405    .0062428
    pers_lower |   .0111342   .0153356     0.73   0.468    -.0190119    .0412804
    womenXpers |  -.0022916   .0008798    -2.60   0.009    -.0040196   -.0005635
        fh_neg |  -.1906038   .0414843    -4.59   0.000     -.272154   -.1090535
       log_gdp |  -.3097807   .0461662    -6.71   0.000     -.400693   -.2188684
pct_protestant |  -.0053904    .001231    -4.38   0.000    -.0078102   -.0029705
  trade_impexp |  -.0010906   .0007668    -1.42   0.156    -.0025982    .0004169
         wecon |  -.0403092   .0475464    -0.85   0.397    -.1337325     .053114
               |
          year |
         1995  |  -.2476781    .171605    -1.44   0.151    -.5873047    .0919486
         1996  |   -.135881   .1762904    -0.77   0.442    -.4851059    .2133438
         1997  |  -.0079422   .1575905    -0.05   0.960    -.3191631    .3032786
         1998  |  -.0681909   .1716729    -0.40   0.692    -.4080723    .2716904
         1999  |  -.1159377   .1444408    -0.80   0.423    -.4006015    .1687262
         2001  |   .0700414   .1684805     0.42   0.678    -.2635847    .4036674
         2002  |   .0454942   .1325918     0.34   0.732    -.2153178    .3063062
         2003  |   .1006221    .134626     0.75   0.455     -.164271    .3655152
         2004  |   .1296378   .1340456     0.97   0.334    -.1340559    .3933314
         2005  |   .1799878   .1325257     1.36   0.175    -.0806136    .4405893
         2006  |   .2513462   .1362063     1.85   0.066    -.0165721    .5192645
         2007  |   .2439583   .1359291     1.79   0.074    -.0233331    .5112497
         2008  |    .309398   .1368165     2.26   0.024     .0404052    .5783908
         2009  |   .3280083   .1356262     2.42   0.016     .0613246    .5946919
         2010  |   .3383487   .1392828     2.43   0.016     .0643797    .6123177
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.1200715   .1399083    -0.86   0.391    -.3947747    .1546318
            3  |   .2345764   .1571009     1.49   0.136    -.0739704    .5431231
            4  |   .1085252   .1599537     0.68   0.498    -.2054642    .4225145
            5  |   .0323545   .1440118     0.22   0.822    -.2503877    .3150967
            6  |  -.1245923   .1839021    -0.68   0.498    -.4855653    .2363806
            7  |   .2917512   .0995825     2.93   0.003     .0962552    .4872472
            8  |   .4482464   .1325778     3.38   0.001     .1878743    .7086186
            9  |   .4101625   .1195787     3.43   0.001     .1752555    .6450694
           10  |    .189634   .1294745     1.46   0.143    -.0645548    .4438227
               |
         _cons |   4.016779   .5297592     7.58   0.000     2.971888    5.061669
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Standardized coefficients and R-squared
Summary statistics over 50 imputations

             |       mean       min        p25     median        p75       max
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      cpi_ti |
         L1. |   .6784455      .615   .6603056   .6802333   .7005607      .731
             |
    pctwomen |  -.0097335    -.0228  -.0142297  -.0090734  -.0062465    .00751
  pers_lower |   .0180485    -.0153   .0097752   .0174432   .0249656     .0437
  womenXpers |  -.0578644    -.0781  -.0643156  -.0579063  -.0525822    -.0325
      fh_neg |   -.081512     -.108  -.0872672  -.0798012  -.0767007    -.0656
     log_gdp |  -.1919361     -.232  -.2015771  -.1912961  -.1801346     -.164
pct_protes~t |  -.0600346    -.0733  -.0655178  -.0588832   -.054703    -.0411
trade_impexp |  -.0173841    -.0323  -.0202904  -.0161856   -.013653   -.00554
       wecon |  -.0111895    -.0329  -.0153403  -.0115529  -.0059258   -.00035
             |
        year |
       1995  |   -.024398    -.0576  -.0323631  -.0222123  -.0159424   -.00258
       1996  |  -.0133569    -.0349  -.0242801  -.0148461  -.0042462      .019
       1997  |  -.0007914    -.0305  -.0076613  -.0022307   .0054116     .0205
       1998  |  -.0067329    -.0281  -.0168518  -.0073829   .0011537     .0196
       1999  |   -.011713    -.0345  -.0165978   -.012824  -.0058985     .0126
       2001  |   .0072253    -.0186  -.0032515   .0074299   .0165902     .0337
       2002  |   .0046854   -.00772  -.0004782   .0035955   .0093826     .0214
       2003  |   .0103671   -.00739   .0054008   .0108815   .0145617     .0317
       2004  |    .013352   .000642   .0081316    .013774    .019275     .0304
       2005  |   .0185351    .00397   .0142639   .0183372   .0232995     .0369
       2006  |   .0257224    .00846    .020727   .0255461   .0310872     .0444
       2007  |   .0248081     .0121   .0193067   .0250382   .0302725     .0437
       2008  |    .031463     .0175   .0265871   .0311646   .0372228     .0499
       2009  |   .0331443     .0186   .0287229   .0326979   .0384335     .0522
       2010  |   .0341863     .0182   .0282986   .0340564   .0393457     .0552
             |
      region |
          2  |  -.0095459    -.0178  -.0129497  -.0088945  -.0069193    .00118
          3  |   .0194296    .00798   .0151445   .0196873   .0230249      .034
          4  |   .0085308  -.000141   .0052983   .0078171   .0121862      .017
          5  |   .0026764   -.00947   .0001371   .0021991   .0053428     .0124
          6  |  -.0084859    -.0191  -.0108883   -.008486  -.0054555    .00079
          7  |   .0524039     .0407   .0489095   .0520574   .0556225      .068
          8  |    .047256     .0371   .0428734   .0473006   .0497485     .0652
          9  |   .0619713      .046   .0569749   .0613232   .0659312     .0858
         10  |   .0341405     .0185   .0282273   .0332383   .0389701      .055
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
    R-square |   .9195951      .904    .915187   .9197454   .9246193      .931
Adj R-square |   .9172716      .901   .9127362   .9174263   .9224411      .929
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. 
. 
. 
. ****
. * ICRG Corruption Measure
. ****
. 
. 
. clear

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. 
. * recode the DV
. rename icrg_corr icrg_corr_o

. gen icrg_corr = 6 - icrg_corr_o
(292 missing values generated)

. 
. * create interaction variable
. gen womenXpers=pctwomen*pers_lower
(45 missing values generated)

. 
. 
. * generate multiple imputation data sets
. ice icrg_corr pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1, passive(womenXpers: pctwomen*pe
> rs_lower) seed(123456) m(50) saving(wb_imputed, replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      1,469       73.38       73.38
          1 |         20        1.00       74.38
          2 |          5        0.25       74.63
          . |        508       25.37      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
  icrg_corr |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
 pers_lower | regress | icrg_corr pctwomen fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant
            |         | trade_impexp wecon
 womenXpers |         | [Passively imputed from pctwomen*pers_lower]
      wecon | mlogit  | icrg_corr pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg
            |         | log_gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp
trade_imp~p | regress | icrg_corr pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg
            |         | log_gdp pct_protestant wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): xtreg icrg_corr l.icrg_corr pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i
> .region if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =      1,417

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         11
                                                              avg =       18.6
                                                              max =         20
                                                Average RVI       =     0.0006
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.0096
DF adjustment:   Large sample                   DF:     min       = 533,939.51
                                                        avg       =   6.33e+10
                                                        max       =   5.10e+11
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  37, 4.5e+09)  =     501.46
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     icrg_corr |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     icrg_corr |
           L1. |   .8542462    .012548    68.08   0.000     .8296527    .8788398
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0001743   .0018498    -0.09   0.925    -.0037999    .0034513
    pers_lower |   .0158292   .0058983     2.68   0.007     .0042687    .0273897
    womenXpers |  -.0010842    .000366    -2.96   0.003    -.0018015   -.0003669
        fh_neg |  -.0435488    .016009    -2.72   0.007     -.074926   -.0121717
       log_gdp |  -.0359195   .0144243    -2.49   0.013    -.0641905   -.0076484
pct_protestant |  -.0013078   .0004833    -2.71   0.007    -.0022551   -.0003605
  trade_impexp |   .0002822   .0003029     0.93   0.351    -.0003114    .0008758
         wecon |   .0526822    .019994     2.63   0.008     .0134947    .0918697
               |
          year |
         1991  |  -.2101034   .0633705    -3.32   0.001    -.3343073   -.0858996
         1992  |  -.3160372   .0618092    -5.11   0.000    -.4371809   -.1948935
         1993  |  -.2438808   .0610976    -3.99   0.000    -.3636299   -.1241317
         1994  |  -.1305478   .0602008    -2.17   0.030    -.2485391   -.0125565
         1995  |  -.0759592   .0592405    -1.28   0.200    -.1920684    .0401501
         1996  |  -.1088233   .0590807    -1.84   0.065    -.2246195    .0069728
         1997  |  -.0006814   .0587036    -0.01   0.991    -.1157383    .1143755
         1998  |  -.0176164   .0585548    -0.30   0.764    -.1323816    .0971489
         1999  |   .0170316   .0584109     0.29   0.771    -.0974517    .1315149
         2001  |   .0801231   .0570888     1.40   0.160    -.0317689    .1920152
         2002  |   .4760483   .0572053     8.32   0.000     .3639281    .5881686
         2003  |   .0112328   .0581284     0.19   0.847    -.1026968    .1251624
         2004  |   .0752394   .0582464     1.29   0.196    -.0389215    .1894003
         2005  |  -.0135908   .0585627    -0.23   0.816    -.1283715    .1011899
         2006  |   .1147347   .0590188     1.94   0.052      -.00094    .2304094
         2007  |   .0617434   .0597092     1.03   0.301    -.0552845    .1787712
         2008  |   .0568688   .0602815     0.94   0.345    -.0612808    .1750183
         2009  |   .0268235   .0598769     0.45   0.654     -.090533      .14418
         2010  |  -.0088972   .0601866    -0.15   0.882    -.1268607    .1090664
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.1039273   .0601501    -1.73   0.084    -.2218194    .0139648
            3  |  -.0810282   .0645382    -1.26   0.209    -.2075208    .0454644
            4  |  -.0338211   .0690979    -0.49   0.625    -.1692505    .1016083
            5  |   -.048195   .0616728    -0.78   0.435    -.1690716    .0726815
            6  |  -.0385713   .0782204    -0.49   0.622    -.1918804    .1147379
            7  |   .0199989   .0426325     0.47   0.639    -.0635593    .1035571
            8  |   .0009929   .0555204     0.02   0.986    -.1078252     .109811
            9  |   .0450191   .0482817     0.93   0.351    -.0496113    .1396495
           10  |  -.1003045   .0555255    -1.81   0.071    -.2091324    .0085234
               |
         _cons |   .5780636   .1509013     3.83   0.000     .2823024    .8738249
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |          0
       sigma_e |  .34629389
           rho |          0   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. eststo icrg_est: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =      1,417

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         11
                                                              avg =       18.6
                                                              max =         20
                                                Average RVI       =     0.0006
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.0096
DF adjustment:   Large sample                   DF:     min       = 533,939.51
                                                        avg       =   6.33e+10
                                                        max       =   5.10e+11
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  37, 4.5e+09)  =     501.46
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     icrg_corr |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     icrg_corr |
           L1. |   .8542462    .012548    68.08   0.000     .8296527    .8788398
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0001743   .0018498    -0.09   0.925    -.0037999    .0034513
    pers_lower |   .0158292   .0058983     2.68   0.007     .0042687    .0273897
    womenXpers |  -.0010842    .000366    -2.96   0.003    -.0018015   -.0003669
        fh_neg |  -.0435488    .016009    -2.72   0.007     -.074926   -.0121717
       log_gdp |  -.0359195   .0144243    -2.49   0.013    -.0641905   -.0076484
pct_protestant |  -.0013078   .0004833    -2.71   0.007    -.0022551   -.0003605
  trade_impexp |   .0002822   .0003029     0.93   0.351    -.0003114    .0008758
         wecon |   .0526822    .019994     2.63   0.008     .0134947    .0918697
               |
          year |
         1991  |  -.2101034   .0633705    -3.32   0.001    -.3343073   -.0858996
         1992  |  -.3160372   .0618092    -5.11   0.000    -.4371809   -.1948935
         1993  |  -.2438808   .0610976    -3.99   0.000    -.3636299   -.1241317
         1994  |  -.1305478   .0602008    -2.17   0.030    -.2485391   -.0125565
         1995  |  -.0759592   .0592405    -1.28   0.200    -.1920684    .0401501
         1996  |  -.1088233   .0590807    -1.84   0.065    -.2246195    .0069728
         1997  |  -.0006814   .0587036    -0.01   0.991    -.1157383    .1143755
         1998  |  -.0176164   .0585548    -0.30   0.764    -.1323816    .0971489
         1999  |   .0170316   .0584109     0.29   0.771    -.0974517    .1315149
         2001  |   .0801231   .0570888     1.40   0.160    -.0317689    .1920152
         2002  |   .4760483   .0572053     8.32   0.000     .3639281    .5881686
         2003  |   .0112328   .0581284     0.19   0.847    -.1026968    .1251624
         2004  |   .0752394   .0582464     1.29   0.196    -.0389215    .1894003
         2005  |  -.0135908   .0585627    -0.23   0.816    -.1283715    .1011899
         2006  |   .1147347   .0590188     1.94   0.052      -.00094    .2304094
         2007  |   .0617434   .0597092     1.03   0.301    -.0552845    .1787712
         2008  |   .0568688   .0602815     0.94   0.345    -.0612808    .1750183
         2009  |   .0268235   .0598769     0.45   0.654     -.090533      .14418
         2010  |  -.0088972   .0601866    -0.15   0.882    -.1268607    .1090664
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.1039273   .0601501    -1.73   0.084    -.2218194    .0139648
            3  |  -.0810282   .0645382    -1.26   0.209    -.2075208    .0454644
            4  |  -.0338211   .0690979    -0.49   0.625    -.1692505    .1016083
            5  |   -.048195   .0616728    -0.78   0.435    -.1690716    .0726815
            6  |  -.0385713   .0782204    -0.49   0.622    -.1918804    .1147379
            7  |   .0199989   .0426325     0.47   0.639    -.0635593    .1035571
            8  |   .0009929   .0555204     0.02   0.986    -.1078252     .109811
            9  |   .0450191   .0482817     0.93   0.351    -.0496113    .1396495
           10  |  -.1003045   .0555255    -1.81   0.071    -.2091324    .0085234
               |
         _cons |   .5780636   .1509013     3.83   0.000     .2823024    .8738249
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |          0
       sigma_e |  .34629389
           rho |          0   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. 
. unique countryid if used==1
Number of unique values of countryid is  76
Number of records is  70850

. 
. mibeta icrg_corr l.icrg_corr pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,417
                                                Average RVI       =     0.0006
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.0096
                                                Complete DF       =       1379
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =   1,360.34
                                                        avg       =   1,375.57
                                                        max       =   1,376.99
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  37, 1377.0)   =     501.46
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     icrg_corr |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     icrg_corr |
           L1. |   .8542462    .012548    68.08   0.000     .8296311    .8788614
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0001743   .0018498    -0.09   0.925    -.0038031    .0034545
    pers_lower |   .0158292   .0058983     2.68   0.007     .0042585    .0273999
    womenXpers |  -.0010842    .000366    -2.96   0.003    -.0018021   -.0003662
        fh_neg |  -.0435488    .016009    -2.72   0.007    -.0749536   -.0121441
       log_gdp |  -.0359195   .0144243    -2.49   0.013    -.0642154   -.0076235
pct_protestant |  -.0013078   .0004833    -2.71   0.007     -.002256   -.0003597
  trade_impexp |   .0002822   .0003029     0.93   0.352    -.0003119    .0008763
         wecon |   .0526822    .019994     2.63   0.009       .01346    .0919045
               |
          year |
         1991  |  -.2101034   .0633705    -3.32   0.001    -.3344166   -.0857903
         1992  |  -.3160372   .0618092    -5.11   0.000    -.4372875   -.1947869
         1993  |  -.2438808   .0610976    -3.99   0.000    -.3637353   -.1240263
         1994  |  -.1305478   .0602008    -2.17   0.030    -.2486429   -.0124527
         1995  |  -.0759592   .0592405    -1.28   0.200    -.1921706    .0402523
         1996  |  -.1088233   .0590807    -1.84   0.066    -.2247213    .0070747
         1997  |  -.0006814   .0587036    -0.01   0.991    -.1158395    .1144768
         1998  |  -.0176164   .0585548    -0.30   0.764    -.1324826    .0972499
         1999  |   .0170316   .0584109     0.29   0.771    -.0975524    .1316157
         2001  |   .0801231   .0570888     1.40   0.161    -.0318674    .1921136
         2002  |   .4760483   .0572053     8.32   0.000     .3638294    .5882672
         2003  |   .0112328   .0581284     0.19   0.847    -.1027971    .1252627
         2004  |   .0752394   .0582464     1.29   0.197    -.0390219    .1895008
         2005  |  -.0135908   .0585627    -0.23   0.817    -.1284725    .1012909
         2006  |   .1147347   .0590188     1.94   0.052    -.0010418    .2305112
         2007  |   .0617434   .0597092     1.03   0.301    -.0553875    .1788742
         2008  |   .0568688   .0602815     0.94   0.346    -.0613847    .1751222
         2009  |   .0268235   .0598769     0.45   0.654    -.0906362    .1442833
         2010  |  -.0088972   .0601866    -0.15   0.883    -.1269645    .1091701
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.1039273   .0601501    -1.73   0.084    -.2219232    .0140685
            3  |  -.0810282   .0645382    -1.26   0.210    -.2076322    .0455758
            4  |  -.0338211   .0690979    -0.49   0.625    -.1693699    .1017277
            5  |   -.048195   .0616728    -0.78   0.435    -.1691779    .0727879
            6  |  -.0385713   .0782204    -0.49   0.622    -.1920153    .1148728
            7  |   .0199989   .0426325     0.47   0.639    -.0636329    .1036306
            8  |   .0009929   .0555204     0.02   0.986     -.107921    .1099068
            9  |   .0450191   .0482817     0.93   0.351    -.0496946    .1397328
           10  |  -.1003045   .0555255    -1.81   0.071    -.2092282    .0086192
               |
         _cons |   .5780636   .1509013     3.83   0.000     .2820419    .8740854
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Standardized coefficients and R-squared
Summary statistics over 50 imputations

             |       mean       min        p25     median        p75       max
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   icrg_corr |
         L1. |   .8619889      .861   .8617408   .8620153   .8621933      .863
             |
    pctwomen |    -.00134   -.00243  -.0016522  -.0013509  -.0010194  -.000453
  pers_lower |   .0464876     .0442   .0460217    .046423   .0471014     .0487
  womenXpers |  -.0494581    -.0513  -.0499226   -.049427  -.0489749    -.0477
      fh_neg |  -.0341539    -.0353  -.0343323  -.0341148  -.0339508    -.0337
     log_gdp |  -.0401888    -.0412  -.0404892  -.0402195   -.039845    -.0393
pct_protes~t |  -.0265291     -.027   -.026679  -.0265014  -.0263724     -.026
trade_impexp |   .0081867    .00641   .0077335   .0080983   .0087325     .0102
       wecon |   .0261465     .0241   .0257355   .0262048   .0265467     .0281
             |
        year |
       1991  |  -.0307433    -.0311  -.0308866  -.0307549  -.0305961    -.0304
       1992  |  -.0482115    -.0486  -.0483194  -.0481986  -.0481137    -.0479
       1993  |  -.0380806    -.0384  -.0381737  -.0380825  -.0379904    -.0378
       1994  |  -.0208409     -.021  -.0209104  -.0208353  -.0207797    -.0207
       1995  |   -.012385    -.0127  -.0124631  -.0123864  -.0123134    -.0121
       1996  |  -.0177435     -.018  -.0178139  -.0177412  -.0176845    -.0175
       1997  |  -.0001119  -.000277  -.0001614  -.0001168  -.0000648   .000133
       1998  |   -.002892   -.00306  -.0029643  -.0028838  -.0028406   -.00262
       1999  |    .002796    .00268   .0027636   .0027925   .0028263    .00297
       2001  |    .013675     .0136    .013649   .0136792   .0136964     .0137
       2002  |   .0812492     .0812   .0812207   .0812508   .0812686     .0813
       2003  |   .0019171    .00183   .0018853   .0019118   .0019461    .00203
       2004  |   .0128414     .0128   .0128173   .0128392   .0128628     .0129
       2005  |  -.0023196   -.00236  -.0023437  -.0023276   -.002293   -.00222
       2006  |   .0194603     .0193   .0194133    .019472   .0195016     .0196
       2007  |   .0104062     .0102   .0103635   .0104064   .0104513     .0106
       2008  |   .0095846    .00936    .009525   .0095892   .0096399    .00982
       2009  |   .0044918     .0044    .004464   .0044953   .0045147    .00456
       2010  |  -.0014899   -.00161   -.001539  -.0014906   -.001443   -.00137
             |
      region |
          2  |  -.0152071    -.0157  -.0153021  -.0151963  -.0150999    -.0149
          3  |  -.0123609    -.0131  -.0125679  -.0123481  -.0121734    -.0117
          4  |  -.0048616   -.00567   -.005212  -.0048041  -.0045311   -.00406
          5  |  -.0073522   -.00774  -.0074555  -.0073286  -.0072127   -.00705
          6  |  -.0048396   -.00524  -.0049055  -.0048176  -.0047513   -.00459
          7  |   .0065401    .00593   .0064783   .0065982   .0066832     .0069
          8  |   .0001908  -.000624  -.0000221   .0002032   .0004305   .000863
          9  |   .0118244      .011   .0115592   .0118776   .0120637     .0124
         10  |  -.0330489    -.0344  -.0333685  -.0329861   -.032609    -.0321
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
    R-square |   .9308595      .931   .9308406   .9308572   .9308785      .931
Adj R-square |   .9290044      .929    .928985    .929002   .9290239      .929
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. 
. 
. ****
. * World Bank Governance Indicator Measure
. ****
. 
. 
. clear

. use schwindtbayer_tavits2016_TSCS_corruption_dataset_final.dta

. set more off

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using "wecon-data.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             2
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          2  (_merge==2)

    matched                             2,002  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(2 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. * create inverse press variable 
. gen press3_inverse = (-1)*press3
(16 missing values generated)

. replace press3_inverse = . if year <= 1992
(217 real changes made, 217 to missing)

. 
. tsset countryid year
       panel variable:  countryid (unbalanced)
        time variable:  year, 1990 to 2010, but with gaps
                delta:  1 unit

. 
. * recode the DV
. rename wb_corr wb_corr_o

. gen wb_corr = 2.6 - wb_corr_o
(816 missing values generated)

. 
. * create interaction variable
. gen womenXpers=pctwomen*pers_lower
(45 missing values generated)

. 
. * generate multiple imputation data sets
. ice wb_corr pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon if exclude_new!=1 & year>=1995, seed(123456) m(50) s
> aving(wb_imputed, replace) 

   #missing |
     values |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |        877       43.81       43.81
          1 |        298       14.89       58.69
          2 |          5        0.25       58.94
          . |        822       41.06      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      2,002      100.00

   Variable | Command | Prediction equation
------------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------
   pctwomen |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
 pers_lower |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
 womenXpers |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
     fh_neg |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
    log_gdp |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
pct_prote~t |         | [No missing data in estimation sample]
      wecon | mlogit  | wb_corr pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp
trade_imp~p | regress | wb_corr pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant wecon
    wb_corr | regress | pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp
            |         | pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Imputing ..........1..........2..........3..........4..........5..........6..........7..........8..........9..........10..........11........
> ..12..........13..........14..........15..........16..........17..........18..........19..........20..........21..........22..........23..
> ........24..........25..........26..........27..........28..........29..........30..........31..........32..........33..........34........
> ..35..........36..........37..........38..........39..........40..........41..........42..........43..........44..........45..........46..
> ........47..........48..........49..........50
file wb_imputed.dta saved

. use wb_imputed, replace

. mi import ice

. 
. mi fvset base 2000 year

. mi estimate, esample(used): xtreg wb_corr l.wb_corr pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.reg
> ion if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =      1,109

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         10
                                                              avg =       14.6
                                                              max =         15
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3137
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6309
DF adjustment:   Large sample                   DF:     min       =     125.40
                                                        avg       =   2,211.69
                                                        max       =   4,206.22
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  32,26780.0)   =     169.24
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       wb_corr |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       wb_corr |
           L1. |   .3684448   .0403188     9.14   0.000     .2888566    .4480329
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0016691   .0024854    -0.67   0.502    -.0065425    .0032044
    pers_lower |   .0151504   .0086822     1.74   0.081     -.001881    .0321818
    womenXpers |  -.0017889   .0005038    -3.55   0.000    -.0027771   -.0008007
        fh_neg |  -.1901778   .0265859    -7.15   0.000    -.2424293   -.1379264
       log_gdp |  -.2580107   .0250757   -10.29   0.000    -.3072516   -.2087697
pct_protestant |  -.0037175   .0006831    -5.44   0.000     -.005058   -.0023771
  trade_impexp |  -.0001807   .0004142    -0.44   0.663    -.0009928    .0006314
         wecon |  -.0309328   .0264082    -1.17   0.242    -.0827165     .020851
               |
          year |
         1996  |  -.1044916   .0732003    -1.43   0.154    -.2481221     .039139
         1997  |   .3274692   .0965609     3.39   0.001     .1368084      .51813
         1998  |  -.0654518   .0703225    -0.93   0.352    -.2033675    .0724639
         1999  |   .3073088   .1039622     2.96   0.004     .1015611    .5130565
         2001  |   .2797071   .0892619     3.13   0.002     .1036744    .4557398
         2002  |   .1016142    .070324     1.44   0.149    -.0363537    .2395822
         2003  |   .1545715   .0668024     2.31   0.021     .0236012    .2855417
         2004  |   .2327844   .0668966     3.48   0.001     .1016302    .3639386
         2005  |   .2973316   .0671466     4.43   0.000     .1656875    .4289757
         2006  |   .3103527   .0681476     4.55   0.000     .1767461    .4439593
         2007  |   .3728283   .0685743     5.44   0.000     .2383854    .5072713
         2008  |   .3843504   .0698295     5.50   0.000      .247445    .5212558
         2009  |   .3897321   .0687653     5.67   0.000     .2549157    .5245484
         2010  |   .4077768   .0695432     5.86   0.000     .2714324    .5441211
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0977809   .0808058    -1.21   0.226    -.2562268    .0606649
            3  |   .2053181   .0905032     2.27   0.023     .0278395    .3827966
            4  |   .0776247   .0946084     0.82   0.412    -.1078946     .263144
            5  |   .1595786   .0835531     1.91   0.056    -.0042523    .3234095
            6  |    .127332   .1083352     1.18   0.240    -.0850903    .3397542
            7  |    .313718   .0586944     5.34   0.000      .198623     .428813
            8  |    .406607   .0764247     5.32   0.000     .2567444    .5564696
            9  |   .3673318    .067699     5.43   0.000     .2345684    .5000952
           10  |   .1666884   .0767702     2.17   0.030     .0161197    .3172571
               |
         _cons |   3.026665   .2776599    10.90   0.000     2.480911    3.572419
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |          0
       sigma_e |  .32049152
           rho |          0   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. 
. eststo wbgi_est: mi estimate, post

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =      1,109

Group variable: countryid                       Number of groups  =         76
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =         10
                                                              avg =       14.6
                                                              max =         15
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3137
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6309
DF adjustment:   Large sample                   DF:     min       =     125.40
                                                        avg       =   2,211.69
                                                        max       =   4,206.22
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  32,26780.0)   =     169.24
Within VCE type: Conventional                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       wb_corr |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       wb_corr |
           L1. |   .3684448   .0403188     9.14   0.000     .2888566    .4480329
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0016691   .0024854    -0.67   0.502    -.0065425    .0032044
    pers_lower |   .0151504   .0086822     1.74   0.081     -.001881    .0321818
    womenXpers |  -.0017889   .0005038    -3.55   0.000    -.0027771   -.0008007
        fh_neg |  -.1901778   .0265859    -7.15   0.000    -.2424293   -.1379264
       log_gdp |  -.2580107   .0250757   -10.29   0.000    -.3072516   -.2087697
pct_protestant |  -.0037175   .0006831    -5.44   0.000     -.005058   -.0023771
  trade_impexp |  -.0001807   .0004142    -0.44   0.663    -.0009928    .0006314
         wecon |  -.0309328   .0264082    -1.17   0.242    -.0827165     .020851
               |
          year |
         1996  |  -.1044916   .0732003    -1.43   0.154    -.2481221     .039139
         1997  |   .3274692   .0965609     3.39   0.001     .1368084      .51813
         1998  |  -.0654518   .0703225    -0.93   0.352    -.2033675    .0724639
         1999  |   .3073088   .1039622     2.96   0.004     .1015611    .5130565
         2001  |   .2797071   .0892619     3.13   0.002     .1036744    .4557398
         2002  |   .1016142    .070324     1.44   0.149    -.0363537    .2395822
         2003  |   .1545715   .0668024     2.31   0.021     .0236012    .2855417
         2004  |   .2327844   .0668966     3.48   0.001     .1016302    .3639386
         2005  |   .2973316   .0671466     4.43   0.000     .1656875    .4289757
         2006  |   .3103527   .0681476     4.55   0.000     .1767461    .4439593
         2007  |   .3728283   .0685743     5.44   0.000     .2383854    .5072713
         2008  |   .3843504   .0698295     5.50   0.000      .247445    .5212558
         2009  |   .3897321   .0687653     5.67   0.000     .2549157    .5245484
         2010  |   .4077768   .0695432     5.86   0.000     .2714324    .5441211
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0977809   .0808058    -1.21   0.226    -.2562268    .0606649
            3  |   .2053181   .0905032     2.27   0.023     .0278395    .3827966
            4  |   .0776247   .0946084     0.82   0.412    -.1078946     .263144
            5  |   .1595786   .0835531     1.91   0.056    -.0042523    .3234095
            6  |    .127332   .1083352     1.18   0.240    -.0850903    .3397542
            7  |    .313718   .0586944     5.34   0.000      .198623     .428813
            8  |    .406607   .0764247     5.32   0.000     .2567444    .5564696
            9  |   .3673318    .067699     5.43   0.000     .2345684    .5000952
           10  |   .1666884   .0767702     2.17   0.030     .0161197    .3172571
               |
         _cons |   3.026665   .2776599    10.90   0.000     2.480911    3.572419
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |          0
       sigma_e |  .32049152
           rho |          0   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: sigma_u and sigma_e are combined in the original metric.

. 
. unique countryid if used==1
Number of unique values of countryid is  76
Number of records is  55450

. 
. mibeta wb_corr l.wb_corr pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp pct_prot trade_impexp wecon i.year i.region if exclude_new!=1

Multiple-imputation estimates                   Imputations       =         50
Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,109
                                                Average RVI       =     0.3137
                                                Largest FMI       =     0.6309
                                                Complete DF       =       1076
DF adjustment:   Small sample                   DF:     min       =      95.62
                                                        avg       =     570.11
                                                        max       =     780.34
Model F test:       Equal FMI                   F(  32, 1031.0)   =     169.24
Within VCE type:          OLS                   Prob > F          =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       wb_corr |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       wb_corr |
           L1. |   .3684448   .0403188     9.14   0.000     .2886615     .448228
               |
      pctwomen |  -.0016691   .0024854    -0.67   0.502    -.0065488    .0032107
    pers_lower |   .0151504   .0086822     1.74   0.082    -.0019047    .0322055
    womenXpers |  -.0017889   .0005038    -3.55   0.000    -.0027784   -.0007993
        fh_neg |  -.1901778   .0265859    -7.15   0.000    -.2425181   -.1378376
       log_gdp |  -.2580107   .0250757   -10.29   0.000    -.3073287   -.2086926
pct_protestant |  -.0037175   .0006831    -5.44   0.000      -.00506   -.0023751
  trade_impexp |  -.0001807   .0004142    -0.44   0.663    -.0009938    .0006325
         wecon |  -.0309328   .0264082    -1.17   0.242    -.0827844    .0209189
               |
          year |
         1996  |  -.1044916   .0732003    -1.43   0.154    -.2483282    .0393451
         1997  |   .3274692   .0965609     3.39   0.001     .1363303     .518608
         1998  |  -.0654518   .0703225    -0.93   0.352    -.2035526     .072649
         1999  |   .3073088   .1039622     2.96   0.004      .100935    .5136826
         2001  |   .2797071   .0892619     3.13   0.002     .1032751    .4561391
         2002  |   .1016142    .070324     1.44   0.149    -.0365484    .2397769
         2003  |   .1545715   .0668024     2.31   0.021     .0234349     .285708
         2004  |   .2327844   .0668966     3.48   0.001     .1014639     .364105
         2005  |   .2973316   .0671466     4.43   0.000     .1655206    .4291426
         2006  |   .3103527   .0681476     4.55   0.000     .1765767    .4441287
         2007  |   .3728283   .0685743     5.44   0.000      .238215    .5074417
         2008  |   .3843504   .0698295     5.50   0.000     .2472711    .5214297
         2009  |   .3897321   .0687653     5.67   0.000     .2547451     .524719
         2010  |   .4077768   .0695432     5.86   0.000     .2712592    .5442944
               |
        region |
            2  |  -.0977809   .0808058    -1.21   0.227    -.2564331    .0608713
            3  |   .2053181   .0905032     2.27   0.024     .0276045    .3830317
            4  |   .0776247   .0946084     0.82   0.412    -.1081382    .2633877
            5  |   .1595786   .0835531     1.91   0.057    -.0044653    .3236224
            6  |    .127332   .1083352     1.18   0.240     -.085366    .3400299
            7  |    .313718   .0586944     5.34   0.000     .1984719    .4289642
            8  |    .406607   .0764247     5.32   0.000     .2565476    .5566664
            9  |   .3673318    .067699     5.43   0.000     .2343917    .5002719
           10  |   .1666884   .0767702     2.17   0.030      .015916    .3174608
               |
         _cons |   3.026665   .2776599    10.90   0.000     2.479976    3.573354
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Standardized coefficients and R-squared
Summary statistics over 50 imputations

             |       mean       min        p25     median        p75       max
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     wb_corr |
         L1. |    .370443      .315   .3514139   .3686797    .390183      .441
             |
    pctwomen |  -.0160212    -.0331    -.02148  -.0172693   -.010623    .00248
  pers_lower |   .0556023     .0254   .0437673   .0534716   .0672743     .0848
  womenXpers |  -.1029939     -.128  -.1107939  -.1035325  -.0917311    -.0762
      fh_neg |  -.1821912     -.218  -.1920013  -.1824571  -.1745172     -.144
     log_gdp |  -.3607378     -.401  -.3732482  -.3578462  -.3460165     -.334
pct_protes~t |  -.0936346     -.111  -.0981229  -.0937133  -.0875447    -.0756
trade_impexp |   -.006481    -.0187  -.0093761  -.0062611  -.0026899    .00925
       wecon |  -.0194157    -.0306  -.0240114  -.0192649  -.0154744   -.00436
             |
        year |
       1996  |  -.0239239    -.0432  -.0291526  -.0260195  -.0187106   -.00279
       1997  |   .0754282     .0315   .0648135   .0791029   .0856586      .111
       1998  |  -.0150704    -.0282  -.0197306  -.0148992  -.0118052   -.00197
       1999  |   .0731279     .0348   .0595337   .0746154   .0899407      .121
       2001  |   .0669688     .0237   .0581898   .0689767   .0759605     .0964
       2002  |   .0243327    .00847   .0195526   .0249395   .0300935     .0385
       2003  |   .0370104     .0274   .0335276   .0368538   .0414891       .05
       2004  |   .0557379     .0461     .05241   .0554597   .0600039     .0685
       2005  |   .0711931     .0611   .0674826   .0712545   .0753163     .0833
       2006  |   .0738555      .063   .0699357   .0741354   .0774476      .085
       2007  |   .0881729     .0779   .0843355   .0885998   .0909148     .0998
       2008  |   .0908974     .0796   .0867238   .0915739   .0943957      .103
       2009  |   .0915908     .0813   .0877383   .0918337   .0945282      .103
       2010  |   .0958314     .0851   .0919829   .0959248   .0986021      .108
             |
      region |
          2  |  -.0174851    -.0265  -.0210621  -.0185587  -.0143676   -.00367
          3  |   .0383817     .0251   .0339697   .0388332   .0418005     .0539
          4  |   .0137128    .00105   .0089943   .0136684   .0180025     .0255
          5  |   .0298426     .0131   .0272234   .0290915   .0326611     .0429
          6  |   .0195795    .00546   .0153547   .0193912   .0232458     .0309
          7  |   .1272786      .105   .1210036   .1270293   .1334772      .147
          8  |    .096768     .0826   .0918996   .0968136   .1018135      .113
          9  |   .1271957       .11   .1214441   .1272674   .1346709      .147
         10  |   .0677964     .0378   .0594216   .0677713   .0739603     .0989
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
    R-square |    .869242      .856   .8648942   .8695126   .8726538      .884
Adj R-square |   .8653533      .852   .8608762   .8656319   .8688666      .881
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. esttab ti_est icrg_est wbgi_est using re-pers.rtf, replace order(L.cpi_ti L.icrg_corr L.wb_corr pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_
> gdp pct_protestant trade_impexp wecon) keep(L.cpi_ti L.icrg_corr L.wb_corr pctwomen pers_lower womenXpers fh_neg log_gdp pct_protestant tr
> ade_impexp wecon) mtitles("TI CPI" "ICRG" "WBGI") coeflabels(L.cpi_ti "lag TI CPI" L.icrg_corr "lag ICRG" L.wb_corr "lag WBGI" pctwomen "%
>  women in lower house" pers_lower "personalism" womenXpers "% women * personalism" fh_neg "FH Freedom" log_gdp "log GDP per capita" pct_pr
> otestant "% protestant" trade_impexp "trade imbalance (% of GDP)" wecon "women's economic rights" _cons "constant") noabbrev wrap gaps var
> width(25) align(r)
(output written to re-pers.rtf)

. 
. 
. 
. 
end of do-file

. exit, clear
